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Functionalization of ash gourd:Infusion of citrus peel polyphenols through vacuum impregnation

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Food Bioscience 2022年第6期50卷 1225-1234页

作者： Jyoti Nishad Alka Joshi Shruti Sethi Shalini G.Rudra eldho varghese Nishant Shankhwar Arti Bhatia Vivek Saurabh Charanjit Kaur Division of Food Science and Postharvest Technology ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi110012India ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute ErnakulamKochi682018India School of Physics University of HyderabadHyderabad500046TelanganaIndia Division of Environment Science ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi110012India

Citrus peels have high flavonoids known for potent pharmaceutical and food *** present study explores the infusion of citrus peel polyphenols(CPP)into ash gourd(Benincasa hispida)through vacuum impregnation(VI).The intent was to functionalize ash gourd for diversifying its food *** infused ash gourd(VIAG)cubes were evaluated for physicochemical parameters,total phenolic content(TPC),total flavonoid content(TFC),antioxidant activity(AOX),and sensory *** VI process was optimized through Box-Behnken Design(BBD)of response surface methodology(RSM),considering blanching time,vacuum pressure and vacuum time as independent variables,and TPC,TFC and AOX as dependent *** optimized conditions of blanching pre-treatment(2.21 min),vacuum pressure(432.31 mbar)and time(28.18 min),there was∼300%increase in TPC and *** model validated the mass transfer kinetics for *** evaluation through descriptive analysis revealed no perceived bitterness in ***,it seems that VI is a promising tool for functionalization of ash gourd with bioactives.

关键词： Ash gourd Benincasa hispida Citrus peel Peleg's model RSM Vacuum impregnation

Twisted analytic torsion

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Science China Mathematics 2010年第3期53卷 555-563页

作者： MATHAI varghese Department of Mathematics University of Adelaide

We review the Reidemeister, Ray-Singer’s analytic torsion and the Cheeger-Mller theorem. We describe the analytic torsion of the de Rham complex twisted by a flux form introduced by the current authors and recall its properties. We define a new twisted analytic torsion for the complex of invariant differential forms on the total space of a principal circle bundle twisted by an invariant flux form. We show that when the dimension is even, such a torsion is invariant under certain deformation of the metric and the flux form. Under T-duality which exchanges the topology of the bundle and the flux form and the radius of the circular fiber with its inverse, the twisted torsion of invariant forms are inverse to each other for any dimension.

关键词： analytic torsion circle bundles T-duality

Effect of post-thermal annealing on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films prepared from a polymer precursor

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Chinese Physics B 2012年第7期21卷 551-558页

作者： Jijoy.P.Mathew George varghese Jacob Mathew Thin Film Research Laboratory Department of PhysicsSt.Berchmans CollegeChanganasseryKerala 686101India Department of Physics Calicut UniversityThenjippalamKeralaIndia

ZnO thin films were synthesised by a new method which uses polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） as the polymer precursor. The films are annealed at different temperatures and for different annealing times. The structural parameters, like grain size, lattice constants, optical band gap, and Urbach energy, depend on the annealing temperature and time. All the films possess tensile strain, which relaxes as the annealing temperature and time increase. The photoluminescence （PL） spectra contain only ultraviolet （UV） peaks at low temperature, but as the annealing temperature and time increase, we observe peaks at the blue and green regions with a variation in the intensities of these peaks with annealing temperature and time.

关键词： stress, band gap, Urbach energy photoluminescence

Growth Kinetics of Nanocrystals and Nanorods by Employing Small-angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) and Other Techniques

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2008年第4期24卷 615-627页

作者： Kanishka BISWAS Neenu varghese C.N.R.Rao Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit DST Nanoscience Unit and CSIR Centre of Excellence in ChemistryJawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific ResearchJakkur P.O.Bangalore 560064India Solid State and Structural Chemistry UnitIndian Institute of ScienceBangalore 560012India Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit DST Nanoscience Unit and CSIR Centre of Excellence in ChemistryJawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific ResearchJakkur P.O.Bangalore 560064India

In this article, we report the results of our detailed investigations of the growth kinetics of zero-dimensional nanocrystals as well as one-dimensional nanorods by the combined use of small angel X-ray scattering （SAXS）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） along with other physical techniques. The study includes growth kinetics of gold nanocrystals formed by the reduction of HAuCl4 by tetrakis（hydroxymethyl） phosphonium chloride in aqueous solution, of CdSe nanocrystals formed by the reaction of cadmium stearate and selenium under solvothermal conditions, and of ZnO nanorods formed by the reaction of zinc acetate with sodium hydroxide under solvothermal conditions in the absence and presence of capping agents. The growth of gold nanocrystals does not follow the diffusion-limited Ostwald ripening, and instead follows a Sigmoidal rate curve. The heat change associated with the growth determined by isothermal titration calorimetry is about 10 kcal·mol^-1 per I nm increase in the diameter of the nanocrystals. In the case of CdSe nanocrystals also, the growth mechanism deviates from diffusion-limited growth and follows a combined model containing both diffusion and surface reaction terms. Our study of the growth kinetics of uncapped and poly（vinyl pyrollidone）（PVP）-capped ZnO nanorods has yielded interesting insights. We observe small nanocrystals next to the ZnO nanorods after a lapse of time in addition to periodic focusing and defocusing of the width of the length distribution. These observations lend support to the diffusion-limited growth model for the growth of uncapped ZnO nanorods. Accordingly, the time dependence on the length of uncapped nanorods follows the L3 law as required for diffusion-limited Ostwald ripening. The PVP-capped nanorods, however, show a time dependence, which is best described by a combination of diffusion （L^3） and surface reaction （L^2） terms.

关键词： Growth kinetics Gold nanocrystals CdSe nanocrystals ZnO nanorods Small angle X-ray scattering Transmission electron microscopy Ostwald ripening and sigmoidal growth

Antioxidant,anti-alpha-glucosidase and pancreatic beta-cell protective effects of methanolic extract of Ensete superbum Cheesm seeds

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第2期7卷 121-125页

作者： Solomon Habtemariam George Kabakasseril varghese Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories&Herbal Analysis Services Medway School of ScienceUniversity of GreenwichChatham-MaritimeKent ME4 4TBUK Department of Botany St.Berchmans'CollegeChanganasseryKottayam 686101KeralaIndia

Objective: To investigate the antioxidant, anti-a-glucosidase and pancreatic b-cell protective potential of Ensete superbum(E. superbum) ***: A variety of in vitro assays including radical scavenging, reducing power potential, phenolic content determination, a-glucosidase assay and pancreatic b-cell(1.4E7 cells) viability were employed for assessing the effect of methanolic extract of E. superbum ***: The radical scavenging and reducing power effects comparable with the standard rutin were obtained while the enzyme inhibitory activity of the extract was 68-fold better than the standard antidiabetic drug, acarbose. The seed extract of E. superbum was packed-full of polyphenols with mean percentage gallic acid equivalent value of(38.2 ± 1.8)(n = 3). The protection of pancreatic cells from massive onslaught of hydrogen peroxide was far superior to that obtained for ***: The reputed antidiabetic therapeutic uses of the seeds extract of E. superbum may be justified on the basis of inhibition of carbohydrate enzymes, antioxidant effects and pancreatic b-cell protection.

关键词： Ensete superbum Musaceae Seeds Antioxidant Pancreatic beta-cell protection Alpha-glucosidase inhibition

Conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS coated Co_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles as the anode for sodium-ion battery applications

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2022年第2期16卷 143-152页

作者： Kevin varghese Dona Susan BAJI Shantikumar NAIR Dhamodaran SANTHANAGOPALAN Centre for Nanosciences Amrita Vishwa VidyapeethamPonekkaraKochi 682041India

Metal oxides are considered as potential anodes for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).Nevertheless,they suffer from poor cycling and rate ***,we investigate conductive polymer coating on Co_(3)O_(4)nanoparticles varying with different percentages.X-ray diffraction,electron microscopy and surface chemical analysis were adopted to analyze coated and uncoated Co_(3)O_(4)*** polymer,poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS),has been utilized for *** specific capacity and rate capability for an optimal coating of 0.5 wt.%were *** 0.5 wt.%coated sample outperformed the uncoated one in terms of capacity,rate capability and coulombic *** delivered a reversible capacity of 561 mAh·g^(−1)at 100 mA·g^(−1)and maintained a capacity of 318 mAh·g^(−1)at a high rate of 1 A·g^(−1).Increasing the PEDOT:PSS coating percentage led to lower performance due to the thicker coating induced kinetic ***-situ analysis of the 0.5 wt.%coated sample after 100 cycles at 1 A·g^(−1)was characterized for performance *** a simple,cost-effective and wet-chemical approach has not been employed before for Co_(3)O_(4)as the SIB anode.

关键词： Co_(3)O_(4) sodium-ion battery anode conducting polymer surface coating

Spectroscopic studies of gel-grown lanthanum malonate crystals

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Journal of Rare Earths 2012年第3期30卷 245-249页

作者： varghese Mathew Sabu Jacob Lizymol Xavier K.E.Abraham Department of Physics St.Aloysius'CollegeEdathua-689573India Department of Physics S.B.CollegeChanganacherry-686101India

Lanthanum malonate crystals were grown by single tube ionic diffusion through silica gel. The crystallinity of the grown crystals was analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction studies. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） and fourier transform （FT） Raman studies confirmed the presence of functional groups in the title compound. The optical band gap energy of the material was extracted from diffuse reflectance spectrum.

关键词： lanthanum malonate crystal growth X-ray diffraction analysis DRS studies FTIR and FT Raman studies rare earths

BRICS and International Collaborations in Higher Education in India

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Frontiers of Education in China 2015年第1期10卷 46-65页

作者： N.V.varghese Centre for Policy Research in Higher Education(CPRHE) National University of Educational Planning and AdministrationNew Delhi 110019India

International cooperation and collaborations played an important role in the economic and educational development of several *** the 1950s and 1960s external aid was an important modality to establish cooperation between countries,especially between developing and developed ***-border activities in higher education used to take place mostly through cooperation projects and academic exchange *** political returns to aid declined during the post-cold war ***,incentives to extend aid declined and markets and trade became more accepted modes of cooperation and collaboration in all sectors including *** collaborations of today are very often motivated by economic incentives and are mediated through *** franchising and twinning arrangements,establishment of branch campuses,and promotion of cross-border student mobility are examples of market-based collaborative efforts in higher *** paper discusses Indian cooperation and collaborations with foreign institutions focusing also on such efforts among the BRICS *** argues that the collaboration efforts among the BRICS countries may be more influenced by government-to-government efforts than mediated by *** paper shows that the BRICS countries at present are more engaged in cooperation and collaborations in higher education with developed *** among the BRICS countries are rather limited and are still at the nascent ***,government initiatives and public action are needed at this stage to promote cooperation and expand collaboration in higher education among BRICS countries.

关键词： international cooperation collaboration franchising twinning massification university ranking

Shoreline management plan for a protected but eroding coast along the southwest coast of India

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2017年第4期32卷 495-505页

作者： Varangalil Noujas Kachapally varghese Thomas Nalumakkal Raveendran Ajeesh Research Scholar National Centre for Earth Science Studies 2. Project Scientist ICMAM PD 3. Scientist G & Group Head Coastal Processes Group (Rtd.)National Centre for Earth Science Studies 4. Adjunct FacultyKerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies National Institute of Technology Karnataka Engineer (Offshore Structures) WS AtkinsSAIF Zone

Coastal erosion is a serious problem of concern along the southwest(SW) coast of India. Various coastal protection measures have been applied for the recovery of the coast, but the devastating effect of erosion still continues. The present study focuses on a coastal stretch situated on the southern sector of the SW coast of India, where Sundar and Sannasiraj(2006) proposed a groyne field along with an existing seawall to control severe erosion. In order to confirm the net littoral drift of this region and for a preliminary assessment of the performance of the groynes prior to construction of the proposed groyne field, two groynes were initially constructed as a pilot program in 2008-09. Periodic monitoring of shoreline position with the two groynes in place was carried out during 2009-14. A shoreline evolution model for the study region was setup, calibrated,and validated using field observations during 2010-11. In addition to traditional shoreline evolution modelling procedures, a profile simulation model was applied for simulating the shoreline behaviour during extreme monsoon seasons. The validated LITPACK model has been used to evaluate the performance of the proposed groyne field in controlling erosion, and the study also considered testing a modified transitional groyne field proposed as an alternative solution to the existing problem, and the modified transitional groyne field was found to be more effective than the prior design. A beach is expected to develop about 30-50 m within the groyne cells during the fair season which enhances the possibility of retaining a minimum beach width of 10 m during monsoon periods.

关键词： Sediment transport Erosion Shoreline change Groyne field LITPACK model