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Quantitative and Qualitative Responses of Hydroponic Tomato Production to Different Levels of Salinity

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第6期93卷 1311-1323页

作者： Khalid A.Al-Gaadi Ahmed M.Zeyada elkamil tola Abdullah M.Alhamdan Khalid A.M.Ahmed Rangaswamy Madugundu Mohamed K.Edrris Department of Agricultural Engineering College of Food and Agriculture SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Precision Agriculture Research Chair Deanship of Scientific ResearchKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Chair of Dates Industry&Technology Deanship of Scientific ResearchKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Agricultural Research Centre Agricultural Engineering Research Institute(AEnRI)Giza12619Egypt

From economic and nutritional points of view,tomato is,historically,considered one of the most important *** signiﬁcant yield reduction,most commercial cultivars of tomato crops are sensitive to moderate levels of ***,high levels of salt stress can negatively affect the yield and quality of tomato ***,this study was conducted to evaluate the yield and fruit quality of three tomato cultivars(Forester,Ghandowra-F1,and Feisty-Red)cultivated hydroponically,under three different levels of nutrient solution *** of tomato fruits was performed based on quantity(number and weight of fruits,and total fruit yield),physical quality(color andﬁrmness),and chemical quality(refractometric index“Brix”,pH,EC,K^(+),Na^(+),and NO_(3)-).Experiments were conducted using three salinity levels of the nutrient solution with electrical conductivity values(dSm^(-1))of 2.5(control),6.0,and *** showed that the studied tomato cultivars were signiﬁcantly inﬂuenced by high salinity(9.5 dSm^(-1))in comparison to the low(2.5 dSm^(-1))and medium(6.0 dSm^(-1))levels of *** average,the highest fruit weight per plant of 1944.84 g and total fruit yield of 4.42 kgm^(-2) were observed at the low salinity level;however,no signiﬁcant differences were obtained in the two yield factors(single fruit weight and total fruit yield)for the low and medium salinity *** the other hand,a signiﬁcant reduction in tomato yield(31%)was associated with the high salinity level compared to the yield at low and medium salinity *** of physical quality parameters showed highly signiﬁcant differences among all salinity *** average,the maximum value of color change(1.72)was associated with the medium salinity level,and the maximum value ofﬁrmness(9.61 Ncm^(-1))was recorded at the high salinity *** levels and tomato cultivars introduced signiﬁcant differences in chemical quality parameters;however,no signiﬁcant differences in these

关键词： Quality cultivars yield color ﬁrmness brix

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Sentinel-2 Satellite Imagery Application to Monitor Soil Salinity and Calcium Carbonate Contents in Agricultural Fields

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第5期92卷 1603-1620页

作者： Ahmed M.Zeyada Khalid A.Al-Gaadi elkamil tola Rangaswamy Madugundu Ahmed A.Alameen Department of Agricultural Engineering College of Food and Agriculture SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Precision Agriculture Research Chair Deanship of Scientific ResearchKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia

The estuary tides affect groundwater dynamics;these areas are susceptible to waterlogging and salinity issues.A study was conducted on two fields with a total area of 60 hectares under a center pivot irrigation system that works with solar energy and belong to a commercial farm located in Northern *** monitor soil salinity and calcium carbonate in the area and stop future degradation of soil resources,easy,non-intrusive,and practical procedures are *** objective of this study was to use remote sensing-determined Sentinel-2 satellite imagery using various soil indices to develop prediction models for the estimation of soil electrical conductivity(EC)and soil calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3)).Geo-referenced soil samples were collected from 72 locations and analyzed in the laboratory for soil EC and CaCO_(3).The electrical conductivity of the soil saturation paste extract was represented by average values in soil dataset samples from two fields collected from the topsoil layer(0 to 15 cm)characteristic of the local salinity *** various soil indices,used in this study,were calculated from the Sentinel-2 satellite *** prediction was determined using the root mean square error(RMSE)and cross validation was done using coefficient of *** results of regression analysis showed linear relationships with significant correlation between the EC analyzed in laboratory and the salinity index-2“SI2”(Model-1:R^(2)=0.59,p=0.00019 and root mean square error(RMSE=1.32%)and the bare soil index“BSI”(Model-2:R^(2)=0.63,p=0.00012 and RMSE=6.42%).Model-1 demonstrated the best model for predicting soil EC,and validation R^(2)and RMSE values of 0.48%and 1.32%,*** regression analysis results for soil CaCO_(3)determination showed linear relationships with data obtained in laboratory and the bare soil index“BSI”(Model-3:R^(2)=0.45,p=0.00021 and RMSE=1.29%)and the bare soil index“BSI”&Normalized difference salinity index“NDSI”(Model-4:R^(2)=0.53,

关键词： Electrical conductivity modeling soil indices remote sensing prediction

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Sub-pixel analysis to enhance the accuracy of evapotranspiration determined using MODIS images

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2017年第2期10卷 103-113页

作者： Abdalhaleem A.Hassaballa Abdul-Nasir Matori Khalid A.Al-Gaadi elkamil H.tola Rangaswamy Madugundu Precision Agriculture Research Chair(PARC) King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Geoinformatics Cluster Department of Civil EngineeringUniversiti Tecknologi PETRONASTronoh 31750Malaysia Department of Agricultural Engineering College of Food and Agriculture SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia

A study was carried out to estimate the actual evapotranspiration(ET)over a 1074 km2 of the humid area of Perak State(Malaysia),where water and evaporation cycle deeply influences the climate,natural resources and human living *** from both Terra and Aqua platforms of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)sensor were used for ET estimation by employing the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land(SEBAL)*** a part of the accuracy assessment process,in-situ measurements on soil temperature and reference ET(ET0)were recorded at the time of satellite *** order to enhance the accuracy of the generated ET maps,MODIS images were subjected to sub-pixel analysis by assigning weights for different land surface cover(urban,agriculture and multi-surface areas)*** weighting process was achieved by integrating ET from pure pixels with the respective site-specific ET0 of each land *** enhanced SEBAL model estimated ET exhibited a good correlation with the in-situ measured Penman-Montieth ET0,with R2 values for the Aqua and the Terra platforms of 0.67 and 0.73,***,the correlation of the non-enhanced ET maps resulted in R2 values of 0.61 and 0.68 for the Aqua and the Terra platforms,***,the results of this study revealed the feasibility of employing the sub-pixel analysis method for an accurate estimation of ET over large areas.

关键词： evapotranspiration sub-pixel analysis MODIS image MODIS sensor remote sensing land surface cover

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Impact of soil compaction on the engineering properties of potato tubers

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第2期13卷 163-167页

作者： Mohamed K.Edrris Khalid A.Al-Gaadi Abdalhaleem A.Hassaballa elkamil tola Khalid A.M.Ahmed Precision Agriculture Research Chair King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Agricultural Engineering College of Food and Agriculture SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Agricultural&Biological Engineering Faculty of EngineeringKhartoum UniversityKhartoumSudan Chair of Dates Industry and Technology King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia

A study on a 30 hm2 field was conducted to assess the variability in soil compaction and to investigate its effect on the engineering properties of potato tubers in terms of tuber shape and key dimensions(length,width and thickness)and resistance to penetration,rupture and shear *** soil compaction levels were spatially correlated with the engineering properties of potato tubers through linear regression and ANOVA *** three compaction levels included a low level(C1)ranging between 1.2-1.9 MPa,a medium level(C2)with compaction levels between 2.0-2.3 MPa and a high level(C3)ranging between 2.4-2.9 *** revealed that there were no significant changes in the key tuber dimensions corresponding to the variability in soil ***,inverse linear relationships were observed between soil compaction and the key tuber dimensions with R2 values of 77%,97%and 96%for length,width and thickness,***,the soil compaction was shown to have no effect on the tuber resistance to compression and shear *** contrast,the tuber resistance to penetration was significantly affected by soil compaction(p>F=0.0012).

关键词： compaction potato tubers precision agriculture potato engineering properties

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基于卷积神经网络的田间多簇猕猴桃图像识别方法

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农业工程学报 2018年第2期34卷 205-211页

作者：傅隆生冯亚利 elkamil tola 刘智豪李瑞崔永杰西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院杨凌712100 农业部农业物联网重点实验室杨凌712100 Precision Agriculture Research Chair King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia

为实现田间条件下快速、准确地识别多簇猕猴桃果实,该文根据猕猴桃的棚架式栽培模式,采用竖直向上获取果实图像的拍摄方式,提出一种基于Le Net卷积神经网络的深度学习模型进行多簇猕猴桃果实图像的识别方法。该文构建的卷积神经网络通... 详细信息

为实现田间条件下快速、准确地识别多簇猕猴桃果实,该文根据猕猴桃的棚架式栽培模式,采用竖直向上获取果实图像的拍摄方式,提出一种基于Le Net卷积神经网络的深度学习模型进行多簇猕猴桃果实图像的识别方法。该文构建的卷积神经网络通过批量归一化方法,以Re LU为激活函数,Max-pooling为下采样方法,并采用Softmax回归分类器,对卷积神经网络结构进行优化。通过对100幅田间多簇猕猴桃图像的识别,试验结果表明:该识别方法对遮挡果实、重叠果实、相邻果实和独立果实的识别率分别为78.97%、83.11%、91.01%和94.78%。通过与5种现有算法进行对比试验,该文算法相对相同环境下的识别方法提高了5.73个百分点,且识别速度达到了0.27 s/个,识别速度较其他算法速度最快。证明了该文算法对田间猕猴桃图像具有较高的识别率和实时性,表明卷积神经网络在田间果实识别方面具有良好的应用前景。

关键词：图像处理图像识别算法深度学习卷积神经网络猕猴桃

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Determining soil organic carbon concentration in agricultural fields using a handheld spectroradiometer:Implication for soil fertility measurement

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第6期11卷 13-19页

作者： elkamil tola Khalid A.Al-Gaadi Rangaswamy Madugundu Ahmed G.Kayad Ahmed A.Alameen Haroon F.Edrees Mohamed K.Edrris Precision Agriculture Research Chair King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Agricultural Engineering College of Food and Agriculture SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia

The soil organic carbon(SOC)plays a vital role in plant growth and development,and therefore is considered as one of the most important indicators of soil *** study was carried out in the central region of Saudi Arabia to explore the potential of spectroscopy in determining the SOC concentration in low-fertility *** reflectance data were collected,under the controlled laboratory conditions on 39 air-dried 2.0 mm sieved soil samples,using a handheld spectroradiometer of a wavelength range between 350 nm and 2500 nm in the direct contact probe *** concentration of the SOC was determined using the Walkley and Black(W&B)and the UV-VIS spectrophotometric *** increase in the concentration of SOC was associated with a decrease in the corresponding spectral *** analysis showed linear relationships with high significant correlation between the spectral reflectance and the SOC measured by both the UV-VIS(Model-1:R^(2)=0.46,p=0.00015 and RMSE=6.6 g/kg)and the W&B(Model-2:R^(2)=0.48,p=8.92E-05 and RMSE=2.8 g/kg)*** these models,two wavebands with wavelengths of 2167 nm(Model-1)and 1359 nm(Model-2)were identified as the most sensitive bands to the SOC *** cross-validation confirmed the validity of Model-1 with R^(2),p and RMSE values of 0.50,0.0099 and 6.6 g/kg,*** validation results of the Model-2 showed values of R^(2),p and RMSE of 0.72,0.00023 and 4.0 g/kg,*** of this study revealed the possibility and the potential of using the spectral reflectance technique in predicting the concentration of SOC.

关键词： soil fertility organic carbon modeling spectroscopy reflectance

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Impacts of center pivot irrigation system uniformity on growth of potato crop and residual soil nitrogen

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2019年第1期12卷 126-131页

作者： Khalid A.Al-Gaadi Abdalhaleem A.Hassaballa elkamil tola Ahmed G.Kayad Rangaswamy Madugundu Fahad Assiri Mohamed Edrris Ahmed Alameen Haroon Edrees Precision Agriculture Research Chair(PARC) King Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Agricultural Engineering College of Food and Agriculture SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Department of Agricultural&Biological Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of KhartoumSudan Saudi Agricultural Development Company(INMA) Wadi Al-DawasirSaudi Arabia

Maintaining the homogeneity of soil nitrogen(N)and plant vigor across agricultural fields is a major concern for farmers and agricultural scheme planners,particularly fields that are irrigated through pressurized systems,such as center ***,this study was carried out on a 30 hm2 potato field located 650 km south of Riyadh,the capital city of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,to investigate the impacts of the center pivot irrigation distribution uniformity on the crop development and the spatial distribution of residual soil *** performance test was designed to investigate water application rate and distribution *** overall water application uniformity coefficients(Cu),determined through Christiansen(Cud)and Heerman(CuH)methods,were determined at 81.29%and 80.64%,***,the overall water distribution uniformity(Du)was determined at 70%.A considerable variability in the distribution uniformity of irrigation water was observed across the experimental field(a Du value of 67%over the medium spans compared to a Du value of 88%over the inner spans).Results of this study showed a linear correlation between the irrigation water distribution uniformity and the soil N(R^(2)=0.88).On the other hand,the vegetation cover distribution,indicated by the Cumulative Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(CNDVI),was not found to be much responsive to the irrigation distribution uniformity(R^(2)=0.11).A time series of successive NDVI maps extracted throughout the potato crop growth stages showed a consistent trend in the distribution of NDVI across the field,with R2 values that ranged between 0.25-0.73.

关键词： irrigation performance uniformity center pivot potato soil nitrogen NDVI

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基于高速摄影的冬枣果实振动脱落规律分析

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中国农业大学学报 2018年第8期23卷 135-141页

作者：傅隆生刘智豪冯亚利谢洪起彭俊 elkamil tola YAQOOB Majeed 崔永杰西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院陕西杨凌712100 农业部农业物联网重点实验室陕西杨凌712100 西安交通大学机械工程学院西安710049 Precision Agriculture Research Chair King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38000Pakistan

为研究冬枣振动采收过程中果实的运动规律和脱落轨迹,采用改装的电动往复锯连接自制振动采摘头对树枝进行高速振动,用高速相机记录不同振动频率(15、20、25 Hz)下冬枣果实的运动轨迹,对高速视频进行分析,计算在振动过程中的枣果脱落类... 详细信息

为研究冬枣振动采收过程中果实的运动规律和脱落轨迹,采用改装的电动往复锯连接自制振动采摘头对树枝进行高速振动,用高速相机记录不同振动频率(15、20、25 Hz)下冬枣果实的运动轨迹,对高速视频进行分析,计算在振动过程中的枣果脱落类型、脱落时间和运动轨迹,以及果实脱落时的速度、加速度和惯性力。结果表明:1)冬枣果实的主要脱落类型是旋倾型,15、20和25Hz时,旋倾型脱落的果实个数比例分别为81%、66%和78%,参考已有研究经验,冬枣机械收获宜选用连续式振动设备;2)随着振动频率的增大,果实的平均脱落时间减小,3个频率的果实脱落时间分别为1.71、0.54和0.43s,15Hz时果实脱落时间与20和25Hz时的果实脱落时间存在显著性差异,而20与25Hz时的果实脱落时间无显著性差异;3)果实的速度和加速度随着振动频率的增大而增大,但不同频率的果实平均脱落惯性力不存在显著性差异,3个频率下分别为0.48、0.43和0.49N。本研究结果可为机械收获装备的设计选型与研发提供理论依据。

关键词：冬枣振动收获高速视频分离力脱落类型

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