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Enhanced Gene Expression Follow.ng Vaccination in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2013年第3期4卷 165-170页

作者： ekua w. brenu Gunn M. Atkinson Mieke L. van Driel Sanne Kreijkamp-Kaspers Don R. Staines Sonya M. Marshall-Gradisnik Discipline of General Practice School of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia. Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine Bond University Gold Coast Australia. National Center for Neuroimmu- nology and Emerging Diseases Griffith University Gold Coast Australia. Queensland Health Gold Coast Public Health Unit Gold Coast Australia. School of Medical Science Griffith Health Institute Griffith University Gold Coast Australia.

Vaccines have been show. to cause differential expression of genes and increase antibody titers against antigens. Influenza vaccines may have an effect on unexplained disorders such as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME). Immunological changes have been identified follow.ng immunization w.th trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV). The objective of this pilot study w.s to examine the consequences of TIV on cytokine and cytotoxic genes in CFS/ME. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells w.re preferentially isolated from w.ole blood of 7 CFS/ME patients and 8 controls. Follow.ng total RNA extraction and synthesis of cDNA, reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) w.s used to determine the expression levels of mRNAs for cytotoxic genes (perforin (PRF1), granzyme A (GZMA), granzyme B (GZMB) and cytokine genes. GZMB w.s significantly increased overall in the CFS/ME patients compared to the controls. GZMA w.s significantly increased 28 days after vaccination w.ile PRF1 w.s reduced prevaccination but increased 14 days post-vaccination in the CFS/ME patients. There w.re no significant changes in cytokine genes pre or post vaccination. Administration of TIV may increase the expression of lytic genes in CFS/ME and this may contribute to the increase in cytotoxic activity w. observed in these patients post vaccination.

关键词： Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Perforin Granzymes Cytokines

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A Comparison of Cytokine Profiles of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis Patients

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2015年第10期6卷 769-783页

作者： Naomi w.ng Thao Nguyen ekua w.ba brenu Simon Broadley Donald Staines Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases Griffith Health Centre School of Medical Science Griffith University Gold Coast Australia School of Medicine Gold Coast Campus Griffith University Gold Coast Australia Department of Neurology Gold Coast University Hospital Gold Coast Australia

Background: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, also know. as Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME), is a debilitating condition that presents w.th a range of symptoms, including fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, muscular and joint pain, and may be immune-mediated. In particular, patients exhibit abnormal cytokine expression. Similarly, in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), patients display neuroimmunological symptoms, and abnormal cytokine expression, w.th some overlap in symptomology w.th CFS/ME. The purpose of this study w.s to compare Th1, Th2, Th17 cytokines, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, in healthy controls, CFS/ME and MS patients. Methods: Serum samples w.re collected from healthy controls (n = 16, mean age = 50 ± 11.85 years), CFS/ME patients (n = 16, mean age = 49.88 ± 9.54 years) and MS patients (n = 11, mean age = 52.75 ± 12.81 years). The concentrations of 27 cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12, IL-2, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-5, IL-17, IL-1ra, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, eotaxin, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP1α, MIP1β, PDGF-bb, RANTES, basic FGF, GCSF, GMCSF, VEGF and IL-15) w.re measured using a Bio-Plex Pro™ kit. Results: IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-5 w.re significantly higher in the serum of both CFS/ME and MS patients compared to the healthy controls (p ≤ 0.041). How.ver, only the MS patients had significantly elevated levels of IL-12, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-13, IL-6, IL-17, IL-1ra, IL-7, IL-9, eotaxin, IL-10, MIP1α, basic FGF, GCSF and VEGF compared to the CFS/ME patients and controls (p ≤ 0.04). There w.re no significant differences betw.en groups for IL-8, MCP-1, MIP1β, RANTES, GMCSF, TNF-α, and IL-2. Conclusion: CFS/ME and MS patients both displayed abnormal cytokine levels, w.th dual expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Further research into cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-5, w.th the use of a specific CFS/ME case definition and sensitive cytokine assays, is required to improve the understanding of the pathophysiology of CFS/ME.

关键词： Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Multiple Sclerosis Immunology Cytokine

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Ghana's experience in the establishment of a national data center

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Earthquake Science 2012年第4期25卷 347-351页

作者： Amponsah Paulina ekua Serfor-Armah Yaw Ghana Atomic Energy Commission P.O.Box LG80 Legon Accra 233 Ghana Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences University of GhanaAtomic Campus P.O.Box AE1 Atomic Ghana Accra 233 Ghana

The government of Ghana in a bilateral agreement w.th the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Organization （CTBTO） has established a National Data Center in Ghana w.th the aim of monitoring the testing of nuclear explosions. Seismic, hydroacoustic, radionuclide and infrasound methods are used for the monitoring. The data center w.s commissioned on 3 February, 2010 at the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission. At present Ghana does not have any operational, centralised data （seismic, hydroacoustic, radionuclide and infrasound） acquisition system w.th the capability of accessing data from other international stations. Hence, the need of setting up the National Data Center w.ich w.uld enable us constantly monitor, manage and coordinate both natural and man-made seismic activities in the country and around the globe, upload data to the International Data Center （IDC） as w.ll as receive and use International Monitoring System （IMS） data and IDC products for treaty verification and compliance. Apart from these, the center also accesses and analyzes seismic w.veforms relevant to its needs from the International Data Center; makes data available to its stakeholder institutions for earthquake disaster mitigation; reports on all aspects of disasters related to earthquake to the relevant government agencies that deal w.th disasters; makes recommendations to the government of Ghana on earthquake safety measures; provides information to assist government institutions to develop appropriate land and building policies. The center in collaboration w.th stakeholder agencies periodically organises public lectures on earthquake disaster risk mitigation.

关键词： Ghana seismicity treaty nuclear explosion

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The Effects of Influenza Vaccination on Immune Function in Patients w.th Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2012年第6期3卷 544-551页

作者： ekua w.ba brenu Mieke van Driel Donald R. Staines Sanne Kreijkamp-Kaspers Sharni Lee Hardcastle Sonya Maree Marshall-Gradisnik School of Medical Science Griffith Health Institute Griffith University Gold Coast Campus Gold Coast Australia

Immune dysfunction is a hallmark of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME). The purpose of this pilot study w.s to identify the effects of influenza vaccination on immune function in patients w.th CFS/ME. w. included 7 patients meeting the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention criteria (CDC 1994) for ME/CFS and 8 control subjects. Bloods w.re collected from all participants prior to vaccination w.th Influvac, a trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV), 14 and 28 days follow.ng vaccination. The immune parameters examined include Natural Killer (NK) phenotypes, NK cytotoxic activity, FOXP3 and Th1/Th2/Th17 related cytokines. Flow.cytometric protocols w.re employed. There w.s no significant difference in NK phenotypes and Tregs numbers betw.en CFS/ME patients and healthy controls. How.ver, NK activity w.s significantly decreased at baseline and at 28 days, w.ile at 14 days it significantly increased in the CFS/ME patients compared to the healthy controls. Th1 pro-inflammatory cytokines increased considerably in the CFS/ME patients at 28 days compared to the non-fatigued controls. Only one Th2 cytokine, IL-4, increased in the CFS/ME participants. FOXP3 expressing Tregs only increased significantly at day 28 post vaccination in the CFS/ME patients compared to the healthy controls. Self-rated w.llbeing w.s low.r for patients at day 28 w.ile at baseline and day 14 no differences w.re observed. In this pilot study immunization w.th influenza vaccine is accompanied by a degree of immune dysregulation in CFS/ME patients compared w.th controls. w.ile vaccination may protect CFS/ME patients against influenza, it has the ability to increase cytotoxic activity and pro-inflammatory reactions post vaccination. The role of Tregs in promoting a toxic effect at 28 days post-vaccination in our patient group cannot be ruled out. The benefits of influenza vaccine still likely outw.igh the risks CFS/ME patients experience follow.ng vaccination.

关键词： Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Influenza Vaccination Natural Killer Cells Cytokines

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Understanding Changes in w.od Thrush and Ovenbird Populations in Virginia—The Role of Forest Fragmentation and Connectivity

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2022年第11期13卷 797-818页

作者： Iris ekua Mensimah Fynn Department of Geography University of Ghana Accra Ghana

Aim: Yearly summaries of the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) indicate that populations of many North American bird species are in decline. Determining the causes of these declines is the focus of much current research in avian conservation. Forest fragmentation has been linked to declines in populations of many species. In this study, the effects of forest fragmentation and connectivity as w.ll as slope and physiographic features on tw. migratory bird species are explored. Location: This study area is Virginia, USA. Taxon: The species focused on are w.od Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) and the Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla). Methods: w. used the Markov Chain Monte Carlo Generalized Linear Mixed Models (MCMCglmm) package w.th a Poisson distribution and a Bayesian data analysis model w.th a 95% probability interval. Using the Repeated Measures ANOVA, the independent and treatment variables included time at 3 different levels in 2001, 2006 and 2011;three different forest types—Core, Connected and Fragmented;8 slope categories and 5 physiographic regions. Results: Results indicate that forest fragmentation has a significant impact on population sizes of w.od Thrush and Ovenbirds in Virginia and that recent changes in Virginia’s landscape have had negative impacts on the populations of these bird species. Specifically, slope characteristics that influence rates of urbanization are correlated w.th changes in bird populations. The Coastal Plain region in Virginia contributes significantly to the populations of both the w.od Thrush and Ovenbird currently. Main Conclusions: Core forests areas in Virginia are in decline and this process affects the populations and distributions of Ovenbird and w.od thrush in the state.

关键词： Fragmentation Connectivity Forests w.od Thrush Ovenbird Bird Population

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Evaluation of Food Hygiene Know.edge Attitudes and Practices of Food Handlers in Food Businesses in Accra, Ghana

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2011年第8期2卷 830-836页

作者： George Amponsah Annor ekua Anamoaba Baiden 不详

Food handlers have a prime role to play in food businesses, and that is to guarantee that meals served are hygienic for consumption. Conscious or inadvertent contamination of such food places consumers at risk of suffering from food- borne illnesses. For this reason the study w.s carried out to document the food hygiene know.edge, attitudes and practices of some food handlers, in food businesses in Accra, Ghana and also to determine the microbiological load of the foods sold by the food businesses. The study targeted food handlers in the hotel industry. The study involved a field survey, follow.d by a laboratory assessment of microbiological status of food samples obtained from the sampled hotels. Cross tabulations and chi – squared tests (5% significance level) as w.ll as frequency distributions w.re used to analyze the data obtained from the field survey. Data obtained from the laboratory assessment w.re also compared to standard values of microbiological counts. Majority of respondents w.re betw.en the ages of 30 - 40 years (42.9%) w.th tertiary or post secondary education. Food hygiene know.edge and attitudes w.re satisfactory, how.ver its practice w.s challenging. Gender, age and educational level of respondents did not influence their food hygiene practices. Microbial counts of all food samples w.s generally high ranging from 1.2 × 105 CFU/g to 1.1 × 108 CFU /g. The total coliform counts of foods ranged from 1.0 × 104 CFU/g to 5.0 × 106 CFU/g, and these w.re obtained from three out of the five hotel kitchens sampled. The study concluded that, the food hygiene know.edge and attitudes of the food handlers did not result in efficient food hygiene practices.

关键词： Know.edge Attitudes Practices Food handlers Ghana

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Assessing Basic Rehabilitation Services for Elders w.th Mobility Impairment

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Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2022年第2期10卷 62-77页

作者： ekua Bentsiw.a Baiden-Amissah Baozhen Dai Samuel Atingabili Priscilla Adomako Gyasi School of Management Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China

The current research seeks to examine the basic rehabilitation services for elders w.th mobility impairment. The research relied upon a quantitative approach and primary data w.ich w.s gathered through the Drop-Off and Pick-Up (DOPU) method. The targeted respondents of this study w.re made up of healthcare w.rkers, such as nurses and doctors from a group of hospitals in Zimbabw.. Therapy, assistive technologies, rehabilitation medicine, community-delivered rehabilitation w.re identified as the basic rehabilitation services for elders w.th mobility impairment. To assess the effectiveness of these services, the strength of these services had to be tested on the successful implementation of rehabilitation programs using a Structural Equation Model. In addition, these services w.re regarded as the independent variables of this study;w.ile the successful implementation of the rehabilitation program w.s treated as a dependent variable. Based on the findings of this study, therapy, assistive technologies, rehabilitation medicine, community-delivered rehabilitation have a positive effect on the successful implementation of a rehabilitation program. The study recommends that to preserve the function and mobility among elderly and ageing individuals, the healthcare practitioners should promote strategies such as maximizing function by decreasing pain, improving the ability to self-propel and prolonging mobility and endurance through ergonomics, individualized w.eelchair selection and configuration, and adaptations for increasing the capacity to handle the daily mobility demands through training, strengthening, and exercise.

关键词： Rehabilitation Rehabilitation Services Mobility Impairment Elders w.th Mobility Impairment

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加纳霍市行动不便老人的医疗康复服务现状研究

加纳霍市行动不便老人的医疗康复服务现状研究

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作者： ekua BAIDEN-AMISSAH BENTSIw.A 江苏大学

学位级别：硕士

由于全球老年人口的持续增长,现如今迫切需要一个可以满足老年人需求且包含医疗康复服务的卫生系统。随着年龄的增长,人们更容易受到健康问题的影响,比如行动不便,而行动不便与老年人的生活质量下降密切相关,这使得他们不得不依赖他人... 详细信息

由于全球老年人口的持续增长,现如今迫切需要一个可以满足老年人需求且包含医疗康复服务的卫生系统。随着年龄的增长,人们更容易受到健康问题的影响,比如行动不便,而行动不便与老年人的生活质量下降密切相关,这使得他们不得不依赖他人来满足基本的日常生活需求。与老年人行动不便相比,缺乏对损伤的康复也可能导致残疾,而非洲国家几乎没有针对残疾人的社会保障体系,因此,本研究旨在确定加纳霍市行动障碍的老年人的医疗康复服务的提供与使用情况。在访谈指南的帮助下,本研究从主要来源收集数据,并进行了主题分析。本研究采用目的性抽样法,从一个由20名行动不便的老年人和5名医疗康复从业人员组成的样本中收集了相关数据,数据收集方法采用访谈法。为了充分掌握情况,本研究对有行动障碍的老年人和医疗康复从业人员都进行了采访,对于行动障碍的老年人,访谈主要围绕他们对自身健康状况的认知、他们使用医疗康复服务时考虑的因素以及他们对医疗康复服务的满意度等问题;而对医疗康复从业人员,访谈则侧重于他们提供的医疗康复服务以及他们在提供服务过程中面临的挑战。为了确保访谈过程中获得准确的数据,访谈在受访者的自由活动时间进行,采访过程全程录音并转录。由于COVID-19的限制,本研究每天只进行了2-3次采访,最后用Nvivo12版本对访谈数据进行分析。研究结果显示,医疗康复从业者虽然只提供物理治疗服务和辅助设备,如轮椅和拐杖,但由于训练有素的卫生人力资源的匮乏,他们的工作量间接增加了许多,有时一些患者的服务需要缩短时间或重新安排,因此不得不中断服务的提供,这也给他们的工作造成了一定的阻碍。行动阻碍的老年人则表示,他们充分了解自己的身体状况、导致他们行动障碍的病因及开始时间,并且对提供的医疗康复服务感到满意。但是,在决定是否使用医疗康复服务时,为了能更好地改善身体状况,他们会充分考虑个人和环境因素,而不是盲目选择。基于上述研究结果,本研究建议政府在社区内建立以社区为基础的医疗康复项目,并在初级卫生保健机构提供医疗康复服务,以降低交通成本和增加服务的可及性。此外,鉴于行动障碍老年人数量不断增加,医疗服务专业人员、政策制订者和公众充分了解医疗康复服务提供现况也是非常重要的。

关键词：物理治疗医疗康复服务行动障碍损伤老年人

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Analysis of Causes of Delay in Middle and High Income Self-Build Housing Projects (SBHPs) in w., Ghana

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Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research 2015年第4期3卷 171-179页

作者： Samuel Ow.su Afram Anthony Bangdome-Dery Genevieve ekua Eghan Titus Ebenezer Kw.fie Department of Architecture College of Architecture and Planning Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Kumasi Ghana Building Technology & Estate Management Department Wa Polytechnic Wa Ghana

Self-build housing projects (SBHPs) among middle and high income developers are faced w.th many challenges that cause delay in the delivery time of the house(s). The focus of this paper is to analyse the factors that cause delay in SBHPs in order to identify the critical delay factors. Review.of literature and expert input revealed 20 variables w.ich w.re used in a structured questionnaire for data collection from ow.ers, consultants and builders in w. Municipality. Reliability test, t-test analysis and mean ranking w.re used in the data analysis. The results revealed that “Delay in obtaining permit from Local Authorities” w.s the first delay factor follow.d by “Poor site management and supervision”. The delay factor ranked least w.s “Inadequate cost estimation and related details” from consultants. The paper recommends that Government agencies that regulate physical development should intensify public education, particularly on responsibilities and obligations, especially among self-builders. The paper recommends further study into labour-related issues as w.ll as communication and information management among participants and its impact on self-build project success.

关键词： Delays Self-Build Housing Projects Ghana

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A Comparison of Cytokine Profiles of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis Patients

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine（临床医学国际期刊） 2015年第10期

作者： Naomi w.ng Thao Nguyen ekua w.ba brenu Simon Broadley Donald Staines Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik National Centre for Neuroimmunology and Emerging Diseases Griffith Health Centre School of Medical Science Griffith University School of Medicine Gold Coast Campus Griffith University Department of Neurology Gold Coast University Hospital

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