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Neuroinflammation as a mechanism linking hypertension with the increased risk of Alzheimer's disease

Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第11期17卷 2342-2346页

作者： ekta bajwa Andis Klegeris Department of Biology University of British Columbia Okanagan CampusKelownaBCCanada

Alzheimer's disease,the most common type of dementia among older adults,currently cannot be prevented or effectively *** a very small percentage of Alzheimer's disease cases have an established genetic *** majority of Alzheimer's disease cases lack a clear causative event,but several modifiable factors have been associated with an increased risk of this *** midlife hypertension is one such risk factor,which can be effectively controlled through changes in diet,lifestyle,and antihypertensive *** molecular mechanisms linking modifia ble risk factors with the increased risk of Alzheimer's disease could enhance our understanding of this disease and lead to identification of novel targets and thera peutic approaches for effective *** cell-driven neuroinflammation is one of the key pathological features of Alzheimer's *** this review,we illustrate that neuroinflammation could also be one of the possible mechanisms linking hypertension and Alzheimer's *** studies have demonstrated that chronically elevated blood pressure leads to adverse glial activation and increased brain inflammatory *** highlight damage to cerebral microvasculature and locally activated renin-angiotensin system as the key pathogenetic mechanisms linking hypertension to neuroinflammation and the accompanying neurodegenera *** role of tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin-1βas pro-inflammatory signaling molecules providing this link is *** also summa rize the available experimental data indicating that neuroinflammatory changes and glial activation can be reversed by several diffe rent classes of antihypertensive *** studies suggest antihypertensives could be beneficial in Alzheimer's disease not only due to their a bility to control the blood pressure,but also due to their antineuroinflammatory *** of these observations in human subjects is required and recent advances in the b

关键词： Alzheimer's disease antihypertensive medicines astrocytes blood-brain barrier high blood pressure microglia neurodegenerative disorders paraventricular nucleus renin-angiotensin system

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Possible role of microparticles in neuroimmune signaling of microglial cells

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Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation 2016年第1期3卷 232-242页

作者： Stephanie M.Schindler ekta bajwa Jonathan P.Little Andis Klegeris Department of Biology University of British Columbia Okanagan CampusKelownaBritish Columbia V1V 1V7Canada School of Health and Exercise Sciences University of British Columbia Okanagan CampusKelownaBritish Columbia V1V 1V7Canada

Aim:Submicron fragments termed microparticles(MPs),derived from all major central nervous system cell types including neurons and glia(microglia,astrocytes,oligodendrocytes),have emerged as novel intercellular signaling *** study tested the hypothesis that MPs derived from activated microglia,which represent the mononuclear phagocyte system in the brain,could induce pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic responses of microglia in an autocrine or paracrine ***:Human THP-1 monocytic cells were used to model human *** derived from these cells were reapplied to THP-1 cells and their secretion of neurotoxins and cytokines was ***:When exposed to lipopolysaccharide(LPS)or mitochondrial transcription factor A in combination with interferon(IFN)-γ,THP-1 cells released *** reapplied to THP-1 cells,MPs induced the release of secretions that were toxic to human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells,as well as monocyte chemoattractant *** cytotoxicity of THP-1 cells induced by MPs derived from IFN-γplus LPS-treated THP-1 donor cells was enhanced in the presence of IFN-γ.The MPs released by THP-1 cells were not directly toxic towards SH-SY5Y ***:Our data support the hypothesis that activated microglia-derived MPs could act as signaling agents that are recognized by microglia to cause pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic responses.

关键词： Microparticles damage-associated molecular patterns mononuclear phagocytes glial cells microglia neurotoxicity Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease

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Prevalence and risks of reproductive tract infections among women of urban slums in North India: A cross-sectional study

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2022年第6期11卷 253-260页

作者： Mitasha Singh Shipra Saini Pooja Goyal ekta Gupta Shweta Goswami Department of Community Medicine ESIC Medical College and HospitalFaridabadHaryanaIndia ICMR National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research Sector 39NoidaGautam Budh NagarUttar PradeshIndia

Objective:To identify the prevalence,determinants of reproductive tract infection,and healthcare seeking behavior among ever married women of reproductive age residing in an urban slum of Faridabad,Haryana,North ***:This community based cross-sectional study was conducted among ever married women aged between 15 and 49 years insured under employees state insurance scheme and residing in an urban slum of *** random sampling technique was used to interview 149 eligible women using a predesigned structured *** variables included sociodemographic profile,family planning methods,menstrual absorbent usage,and symptoms of reproductive tract *** logistic regression was used to investigate the determinants of reproductive tract ***:Of the women,46.3%had at least one reproductive tract infection or sexually transmitted infection symptom and 28.9%among them sought treatment for the *** discharge,itching(14.1%)and lower abdominal pain(30.2%)were the major symptoms ***-usage of condoms as contraceptive was significantly associated with a higher rate of symptoms(50.4%vs.20.0%).Abortion had a significantly high odds of having reproductive tract infection symptoms(aOR 3.71,95%CI 1.59-8.62;P<0.01).Less frequent change in absorbent during menstruation was also reported to have a higher rate of *** majority of those who took treatment sought it from government or employees state insurance dispensary.2%also went to faith ***:Nearly half of the study population have reproductive tract infection *** and non-usage of condom increase the risk of reproductive tract *** hygiene and condom usage are the significant interventions,which may reduce the prevalence of these symptoms.

关键词： Reproductive tract infection Sexually transmitted infection Migrants Factory workers Prevalence

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A comprehensive review of the effect of different kinetic promoters on methane hydrate formation

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第4期34卷 1-16页

作者： ekta Chaturvedi Sukumar Laik Ajay Mandal Gas Hydrates Laboratory Petroleum Engineering DepartmentIndian Institute of Technology(ISM)DhanbadIndia

Gas hydrates have recently emerged as a better alternative for the production,storage,and transportation of natural ***,factors like slow formation rate and limited storage capacity obstruct the possible industrial application of this *** types of promoters and synergists have been developed that can improve the kinetics and storage capacity of gas *** review focuses on different kinetic promoters and synergists that can be utilized to enhance the storage capacity of *** main characteristics,structure and the possible limitations of the use of these promoters are likewise portrayed in *** relationship between structure and storage capacity of hydrates have also been discussed in the *** status of production of gas from hydrates,their restrictions,and future difficulties have additionally been addressed in the ensuing areas of the review.

关键词： Gas hydrates Structure Storage capacity Kinetic promoters Nano-materials Surfactants

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Biochemical investigations during in vitro adventitious shoot regeneration in leaflet explants from nodal segments of a mature Albizia procera tree

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第3期27卷 699-705页

作者： ekta Rai Sulochna Bouddha Shamim Akhtar Ansari Genetics and Plant Propagation Division Tropical Forest Research Institute Jabalpur 482021 India Institute of Forest Productivity Lalgutwa Ranchi 835303India

The in vitro adventitious shoot differentiation in leaflet explants of an adult tree differed from that of leaflet explants of seedlings of Albizia procera（Roxb.）Benth. reported previously elsewhere. The leaflet explants from an adult tree passed through an initial callus phase for30 days on MS medium supplemented with 3 % sucrose,2.5 l M 2,4-D followed by a subsequent adventitious shoot differentiation phase for another 30 days on half MS medium supplemented with 0.25 l M each of BA and *** regeneration rate of in vitro adventitious shoots in explants from the adult tree, i.e.1.66 shoots/callus, was lower than that from seedlings, i.e. [10 shoots/callus,which was reported elsewhere. Correspondingly, the activities of nitrate reductase and peroxidase, and endogenous phenol content remained very low during in vitro adventitious shoot differentiation in leaflet explants of an adult tree possibly due to lower availability of competent stem（juvenile） cells for the process.

关键词： Adventitious shoot differentiation Nitratereductase activity Peroxidase activity Phenol Solublesugar

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Prolonged existence of SARS-CoV-2 RNAs in the extracellular vesicles of respiratory specimens from patients with negative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction

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Liver Research 2023年第3期7卷 228-236页

作者： P.Debishree Subudhi Sheetalnath Rooge Chhagan Bihari Swati Thangariyal Sivang Goswami Reshu Agarwal Savneet Kaur ekta Gupta Sukriti Baweja Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine Institute of Liver and Biliary SciencesNew DelhiIndia Department of Virology Institute of Liver and Biliary SciencesNew DelhiIndia Department of Pathology Institute of Liver and Biliary SciencesNew DelhiIndia

Background and aim:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is primarily in the respiratory tract,particularly in patients with underlying *** study aimed to investigate the presence of the virus inside the extracellular vesicles(EVs)in patients with and without chronic liver disease(CLD).Methods:Eighty patients with positive SARS-CoV-2,including twenty-four patients with CLD and fiftysix patients without CLD,and five healthy controls with negative SARS-CoV-2 were *** swab specimens were tested for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)were followed up on days 7 and *** swab,collected in viral transport media(VTM),and plasma samples were investigated at each time *** were isolated from the nasal swabs(collected in VTM)and plasma using differential ultracentrifugation and estimated at each time *** transmission or replication by the EVs was assessed in Vero E6 ***:In patients with baseline RT-PCR positive,SARS-CoV-2 RNAs inside the EVs were found in 68/80(85%)patients with higher viral load in the nasal swabs than in the EVs(cycle threshold(Ct)value,23.4±5.7 vs.30.3±5.0,P<0.001).On follow-up at day 7,of the 32 patients negative for COVID-19,15(46.9%)had virus persistence in the EVs(Ct value,30.7±2.7),and on day 14,of the 56 patients with negative SARS-CoV-2,16 patients(28.6%)had positive SARS-CoV-2 RNAs in the EVs(Ct value,31.4±3.0).The mean viral load decreased on days 7 and 14 compared to baseline in the nasal swabs(P<0.001)but not in the ***,SARS-CoV-2 RNAs were undetectable in the plasma,but 12.5% of patients were positive in the plasma *** prolonged and high viral load was found in the EVs on day 14 in COVID-19 patients combined with CLD compared with COVID-19 patients(P?0.0004).We found significant higher levels of EV-associated with endothelial cells and hepatocytes

关键词： Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)RNAs Recurrence Extracellular vesicles(EVs) Chronic liver disease(CLD)

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Comparative Study of Antioxidant and Catalytic Activity of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized From Costus pictus Leaf Extract

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2015年第10期31卷 986-994页

作者： Jayachandra Reddy Nakkala ekta Bhagat Kitlangki Suchiang Sudha Rani Sadras Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Life SciencesPondicherry University

Biological synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using Costus pictus leaf extract （CPLE） and their potential in vitro antioxidant and catalytic activities were reported here. Formation of Costus pictus silver （CPAgNPs） and gold （CPAuNPs） nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy and their spherical shape by scanning electron microscopy. The synthesized nanoparticles gave strong signals for silver and gold in energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The CPAgNPs and CPAuNPs had an average size of 46.7 and 37.2 nm, respectively, as determined by dynamic light scattering particle size analyzer. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） analysis indicated involvement of amine and carbonyl groups in the formation of CPAgNPs and CPAuNPs. Thermal stability of synthesized nanoparticles was assessed by thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry. CPAgNPs, CPAuNPs and CPLE exhibited tremendous antioxidant activity when being assessed by various in vitro assays, and their activity was comparable to standard antioxidants. CPAgNPs, CPAuNPs and CPLE also caused degradation of dyes like methylene blue and methyl red. While CPAgNPs, CPAuNPs and CPLE caused respective 85%, 42% and 30% degradation of methylene blue, they showed less activity against methyl red. These observations signify that such green methods open up new avenues in nanobiotechnology for the synthesis of nanoparticles with extensive industrial and biomedical applications.

关键词： Costus pictusNanoparticles Antioxidants Methylene blue Methyl red

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Unmasking the responses of the stem cells and progenitors in the subventricular zone after neonatal and pediatric brain injuries

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第1期11卷 45-48页

作者： Mariano Guardia Clausi ekta Kumari Steven W.Levison Department of Pharmacology Physiology and Neuroscience Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School

There is great interest in the regenerative potential of the neural stem cells and progenitors that populate the subventricular zone（SVZ）. However, a comprehensive understanding of SVZ cell responses to brain injuries has been hindered by the lack of sensitive approaches to study the cellular composition of this niche. Here we review progress being made in deciphering the cells of the SVZ gleaned from the use of a recently designed flow cytometry panel that allows SVZ cells to be parsed into multiple subsets of progenitors as well as putative stem cells. We review how this approach has begun to unmask both the heterogeneity of SVZ cells as well as the dynamic shifts in cell populations with neonatal and pediatric brain injuries. We also discuss how flow cytometric analyses also have begun to reveal how specific cytokines, such as Leukemia inhibitory factor are coordinating SVZ responses to injury.

关键词： CNS regeneration cytokines glial progenitors gliogenesis inflammation cerebral palsy traumatic brain injury stroke

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Ondansetron and Hypothermia Induced Cardiac Arrest in a 97-Year-Old Woman: A Case Report

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Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications 2022年第3期7卷 66-72页

作者： Keith Sai Kit Leung Faareaha Ahmad Amun Mahmood Yuki Ka Ling Shum ekta Punj Azam Majeed Riad Hosein Anna Hong Muzaffar Hashmi Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Aston UniversityBirmingham B47ETUnited Kingdom Emergency Department Queen Elizabeth Hospital BirminghamUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152THUnited Kingdom

Background:Ondansetron and hypothermia are both known to induce bradycardia or QT interval prolongation,thus placing affected patients at risk of cardiac *** Report:Herein,we report the case of a 97-year-old woman who initially presented with confusion and hypothermia,and experienced severe bradycardia and asystolic cardiac arrest after a 4 mg intravenous ondansetron bolus ***:Ondansetron is associated with bradycardia and QTc prolongation,both of which might be further exacerbated by *** should be aware that administering ondansetron in patients with hypothermia might further increase the risk of adverse cardiac events and eventual cardiac arrest.

关键词： Ondansetron Hypothermia Bradycardia QT prolongation Cardiac Arrest

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Analytical modeling of subthreshold current and subthreshold swing of Gaussiandoped strained-Si-on-insulator MOSFETs

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Journal of Semiconductors 2014年第8期35卷 52-59页

作者： Gopal Rawat Sanjay Kumar ekta Goel Mirgender Kumar Sarvesh Dubey S.Jit Department of Electronics Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi India Faculty of Electronics and Communication Engineering Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University Lucknow-Deva Road India

This paper presents the analytical modeling of subthreshold current and subthreshold swing of short- channel fully-depleted （FD） strained-Si-on-insulator （SSOI） MOSFETs having vertical Gaussian-like doping pro- file in the channel. The subthreshold current and subthreshold swing have been derived using the parabolic approx- imation method. In addition to the effect of strain on silicon layer, various other device parameters such as channel length （L）, gate-oxide thickness （tox）, strained-Si channel thickness （ts_Si）, peak doping concentration （Np）, project range （Rp） and straggle （op） of the Gaussian profile have been considered while predicting the device characteris- tics. The present work may help to overcome the degradation in subthreshold characteristics with strain engineering. These subthreshold current and swing models provide valuable information for strained-Si MOSFET design. Ac- curacy of the proposed models is verified using the commercially available ATLASTM, a two-dimensional （2D） device simulator from SILVACO.

关键词： strained-Si-on-insulator (SSOI) Poisson's solution short-channel-effects

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