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Experimental Assessment of the Thermal Performance of Two Corrugated Metal Roofs

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第9期14卷 2374-2392页

作者： Kouamé Jean-Louis Kouakou ekoun paul magloire koffi Bi Tra Désiré Zinla Prosper Gbaha Laboratoire des Procds Industriels de Synthse de lEnvironnement et des Energies Nouvelles Institut National Polytechnique Felix Houphout-Boigny Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire

This experimental study is a contribution to the search for solutions to reduce indoor heat gain through sheet metal roofing in hot weather. It has evaluated the thermal impact of two different sheet metal roofs inside of two identical test buildings in sunny weather and cloudy weather conditions. Test building 1 has a single sheet corrugated roof and the building 2 is covered with roof made from top to bottom with corrugated sheet metal, a 12 mm thick serpentine copper tube in which water is circulated, a sheet of aluminium foil acting as a heat reflector, a 4 cm thick polystyrene panel and a 1.5 cm thick plywood. A maximum reduction of 15.1˚C in the temperature of the inner face of the test Building 2 roof was obtained comparatively to the temperature of the inner face of the test Building 1 roof consisting of a single sheet of metal at the warmest hours. In addition, the simple corrugated sheet metal roof of the test building generates high and varied temperatures inside the building. Whereas the proposed heat recovery roof favours low and relatively uniform temperatures inside the building. The proposed sheet metal roof construction technique is very effective in reducing the heat gain through the roof considerably;thus improving the thermal comfort inside sheet metal roofed dwellings. Hot water has been produced by recovering heat from the metal sheet of the roof of test building 2. The temperature of the hot water produced reached of 39˚C. This study could be also an alternative for the reduction of energy consumption due to the use of mechanical means for cooling of sheet metal roofed houses and the reduction of the use of fossil fuels for domestic hot water production.

关键词： Metal Roof Corrugated Time Lag Decrement Factor

Life Cycle Assessment of Cashew Nutshell Briquettes Produced in Côte d’Ivoire

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第9期14卷 2411-2430页

作者： Bi Tra Désiré Zinla ekoun paul magloire koffi Kamenan Blaise Koua Kpeusseu Angeline Kouambla Epse Yeo Prosper Gbaha Laboratoire des Procds Industriels de Synthse de lEnvironnement et des Energies Nouvelles Institut National Polytechnique Felix Houphout-Boigny Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire Laboratoire des Sciences de la Matire de lEnvironnement et de lEnergie Solaire Unit de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences des Structures de la Matire et de Technologie Universit Felix Houphout-Boigny Abidjan Cte dIvoire

Now one of the main cash crops in Côte d’Ivoire, the cashew tree feeds an entire industrial sector based on the processing of its fruit. This processing generates a large volume of waste, consisting of cashew nutshells, the management of which poses environmental problems. With the aim of replacing charcoal and firewood with more environmentally friendly fuels, several studies are currently being carried out into the optimal use of cashew shells in fuel briquettes. To assess the environmental sustainability of these briquettes, this study calculates the environmental impacts associated with their life cycle, compares them with those of charcoal and firewood, and identifies the processes that contribute most to environmental pollution, with a view to improving them. Analysis of the results showed that cashew nutshell briquettes emit a range of pollutants over their life cycle that damage the environment and are responsible for the 7 impact categories considered: acidification, eutrophication, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, global warming, human toxicity, photochemical oxidation and terrestrial ecotoxicity potential. However, they are more environmentally friendly than charcoal and firewood for 5 impact categories: freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, global warming, human toxicity, photochemical oxidation and terrestrial ecotoxicity potential. The 3 elementary processes, i.e. transport of biomass raw materials, production, and combustion of briquettes, emit pollutants that contribute most to the creation of environmental impact categories. The most relevant pollutants are nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx) and particulate matter (PM).

关键词： LCA Briquettes Cashew Nutshell Biomass Environmental Impact

Factors Associated with Aseptic Osteonecrosis in Hospital Settings in Yaounde, Cameroon

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Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases 2015年第1期5卷 12-16页

作者： Madeleine Singwé-Ngandeu Amina Al-Maye Bit Younouss Bernard Chetcha Chemeni Ibrahima Farikou magloire Biwole Sida paul Olivier Koki Ndombo Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Rheumatology Unit Yaounde Central Hospital Yaounde Cameroon

Introduction: Osteonecrosis is the cellular death of the various components of bone. It mostly affects the femoral head, and its real incidence is unknown. Many causative factors may be involved in its genesis. In Sub-Saharan Africa, it affects mainly young patients and the S and C hemoglobinopathies are the most affected backgrounds. Objective: To determine factors associated with aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head in hospital settings in Yaounde, Cameroon. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional multicentric study on 29,474 files of black Cameroonian patients seen during consultation or admission, within a five-year period, carried at the Central Hospital, the National Center for Rehabilitation of Handicaped Persons and at the FROT Clinic in Yaounde, Cameroon. Files of patients with aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (1 file = 1 patient) were enrolled. The diagnosis was retained solely based on clinical and radiologic criteria. Magnetic resonance imaging, tomodencitometry and/or bone scintigraphy were also considered when available. Classification of lesions obeyed Ficat-Arlet criteria. Patients’ files with little information and hip diseases other than aseptic osteonecrosis were excluded. Results: Fifty-one cases (0.17%) of aseptic osteonecrosis were recruited;among them, there are 28 males (55%) and 23 females (45%). Their mean age was 38.9 ± 16.4 years (extremes: 7 and 78 years). Those aged 21 to 30 years represented 25.5% of cases. Pain and loss of function were present in all patients. The lesion occurred in the right hip in 22 cases (41.1%), and left hip in 13 cases (25.5%);16 patients (31.4%) had both hip affected. X-ray was performed for all patients. Radiologic lesions were at Stage IV in 2 cases (3.9%), III for 44 cases (86.3%), and II in 5 cases (9.8%). Factors associated with aseptic osteonecrosis were observed in 29 patients and their frequencies were as follows: sickle cell disease: n = 12 (25.3%);trauma: n = 10 (19.6%);alcoholism: n = 3

关键词： Osteonecrosis Sickle Cell Disease Risk Factor Femoral Head

Fourteen Days Post-Ovariectomy Estrogens Decline Is Associated with Anxiogenic Effects on Wistar Rats

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2017年第12期5卷 869-876页

作者： Zemo Gamo Franklin Djiogue Sefirin Ketcha Wanda Germain Jean magloire Seke Etet paul Faustin Yonkeu Tatchou Floriane Gaelle Djikem Tadah Rudig Nikanor Awounfack Charline Florence Njamen Dieudonne Department of Animal Biology and Physiology Faculty of Science University of Yaounde L Yaounde P.O. Box 812 Cameroon Department of Psychology Faculty of Arts Letters and Social Science University of Yaounde L Yaounde P.O. Box 7011 Cameroon Department of Basic Health Sciences College of Applied Medical Sciences Qassim University Al-Qaseem 51452 Saudi Arabia

On study of the effects of estrogen deficiency on anxiety disorder by using ovariectomised animals, one discrepancy was the difference in behavioral testing delay following ovariectomy and the paradigms used. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anxiogenic effects of fourteen-day estrogen decline subsequent to ovariectomy on Wistar rats using EPM （elevated plus-maze） and open field tests. As results, fourteen days of estrogens decline has induced an increase of anxiety-related behaviour by a reduction of the percentage of the number of entries into the open arm （p 〈 0.01） and an increase of the percentage of the number of entries into the closed arm （/9 〈 0.01） during the elevated plus-maze test. This anxiety-like behaviour was confirmed on the open field test by a reduction of time spent in the centre of the arena （p 〈 0.05） as well as a reduction of crossing （p 〈 0.05） and an increase of the weight of faecal boli （p 〈 0.05） and grooming （p 〈 0.01）. Meanwhile, the administration of diazepam or estradiol valerate （1 mg/kg BW each） has corrected the anxious-like behaviour in both tests paradigms. These results suggest that fourteen days of estrogens decline was associated with an anxiety-related behaviour. This experimental model can constitute an excellent tool for the study of anxiolytic substances in menopause-related anxiety.

关键词： Ovariectomy estrogen decline anxiety EPM open field.