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Circle of life:the common hamster(Cricetus cricetus)adaptations to the urban environment

Integrative Zoology 2019年第4期14卷 383-395页

作者： Alexey v.SUROv Elena A.ZAYTSEvA Alexandr v.KUPTSOv Elena A.KATZMAN Pavel L.BOGOMOLOv Alexandra S.SAYAN ekaterina v.potashnikova Nikolay N.TOvPINETZ ekaterina v.KUZNETSOvA Alexey Y.TSELLARIUS Natalia Y.FEOKTISTOvA Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia Centre of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Crimea and in the Municipal City Sevastopol SimferopolRussia

Traditionally,urbanization has been seen as a negative phenomenon for ***,changes in the environmental parameters induced by urbanization might be favorable for some *** the past half-century,the common hamster has actively populated cities,establishing populations in some European,Russian and Kazakhstan *** on integrative methods,we investigated free-range common hamsters inhabiting Simferopol from 2015 to 2018 to reveal possible adaptations to the urbanized environment across several parameters,including lifespan,hibernation period,reproductive activity and body *** show that in urban areas,the common hamster demonstrates an extremely short hibernation period compared to other localities,possibly due to enhanced food resources from urban forestry(walnuts,locus and hazelnut),allowing the species to start breeding very early(February)and finish as late as *** present the first evidence of polyandry for this species:mating of receptive females with several males and subsequent confirmation of multiple *** high reproductive potential,the lifespan of the common hamster in urban conditions is generally very short(less than 1 year).We speculate that in the process of synurbization,the common hamster’s innate plasticity across many life history traits permits it to successfully colonize throughout a wide range of habitats,with the ability to form novel adaptations to urban environments.

关键词： body mass hibernation lifespan multiple paternity synurbization

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Morphology of crater and caldera lakes in the Far Eastern region of Russia and the features of their development

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第4期21卷 1246-1258页

作者： Dmitrii N.KOZLOv ekaterina v.LEBEDEvA Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesYuzhno-Sakhalinsk 693022Russia Institute of Geography Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119017Russia

volcanic lakes in the Kuril-Kamchatka region are difficult to access,and for this reason,they remain poorly studied,with only scattered and brief data *** authors have conducted a study of 10 lake basins using modern digital echolocation survey techniques and have also compiled and summarized published data for 15 lakes in the region,calculating their main morphometric *** has been established that many caldera lake basins are modified by young explosive funnels,extrusive or effusive domes,and exhibit traces of hydrothermal *** lakes of the same genetic type in the Kuril-Kamchatka region are similar in depth and depression forms,the group of caldera lakes shows less homogeneity across all morphometric *** was found that the absolute heights of the reservoirs on Kamchatka Peninsula are generally greater than those on the Kuril Islands,as is often the case with the size of their *** volcanic lakes under study can rapidly change their volume and shape under the influence of endogenous *** the first time for this region,on the base of repeated observations,underwater extrusive dome rate growth and the approximate rates of 2 lake level changes were *** observations of lakes in the Ksudach calderas(Kamchatka)and on Simushir Island indicate approximate rates of level changes:a decrease ranging within 0.5-0.6 m per year(over a 27-year observation interval)and an increase reaching up to 0.26 m per year(over a 48-year interval).The growth rate of the underwater extrusive dome in Lake Shtyubel has averaged 1-1.6 m per year over the past 25 *** analysis has facilitated the first generalization regarding the morphology and developmental features of crater and caldera lakes in the Kuril-Kamchatka region of Russia,representing an important step in their *** results obtained will provide a solid foundation for subsequent research in this region and may be of interest to researchers studying

关键词： volcanic lakes Echolocation survey volcanism Gashydrotherms Kamchatka Kuril Islands

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Photoluminescence,structural and antibacterial properties of co-dopedβ-Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)-type phosphates Ca_(8)CuRE(PO_(4))_(7)(RE=Eu-Er)

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第9期42卷 1658-1668,I0002页

作者： Ivan v.Nikiforov ekaterina v.Iliin Bogdan I.Lazoryak Sergey M.Aksenov Pavel v.Slukin Dina v.Deyneko Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State University119991MoscowRussia Laboratory of Arctic Mineralogy and Material Sciences Kola Science CentreRussian Academy of Sciences184209ApatityRussia Geological Institute Kola Science CentreRussian Academy of Sciences184209ApatityRussia State Scientific Center of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology of Rospotrebnadzor 24 Block A142279ObolenskRussia

Novel Ca_(8)CuRE(PO_(4))_(7)where RE^(3+)=Eu^(3+),Tb^(3+),Dy^(3+),Ho^(3+)and Er^(3+)were synthesized by a solid-state method in *** structures of the samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction using Rietveld refinement to determine the occupation of crystal *** samples are found to have a centrosymmetric structure with space group R3c,as shown by dielectric *** synthesized Ca_(8)CuRE(PO_(4))_(7)samples have multifunctional *** Cu^(2+)ions provide antibacterial properties,while the rare earth elements ions exhibit luminescence properties,and theβ-Ca_3(PO_(4))_(2)-type host is *** photoluminescence properties of RE^(3+)ions were studied and compared with other simmilar Ca_(8)MRE(PO_(4))_(7)phosphates,where M is a divalent *** photoluminescence intensity quenching in terms of energy transfer from RE^(3+)to Cu^(2+)is *** bioactive properties were studied in relation to antibacterial activity against *** and *** syntesized Ca_(8)CuRE(PO_(4))_(7)samples demonstrate very high and stable inhibition of bacteria *** correlation between crystal structure and properties is *** combining multiple approaches to the directio nal design of such materials,several important properties within a single chemical compound to achieve biovisualization and bioactive properties simultaneously can be combined.

关键词： β-Ca_(3)(PO_(4))_(2) Whitlockite-type structure Bioactive phosphates TCP Photoluminescence Rare earths

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Selection of shaped charges parameters for producing aluminum particles with velocities in the range of 2.5-16 km/s

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第8期38卷 126-135页

作者： vladimir I.Kolpakov Sergey v.Fedorov ekaterina P.vinogradova Irina A.Bolotina Bauman Moscow State Technical University Moscow 105005Russia

Testing rocket and space technology objects in ground conditions for resistance to the impact of meteoroids and fragments of space debris can be carried out using shaped charges. To substantiate the design parameters of shaped charges that ensure the formation of aluminum particles in a wide velocity range(from 2.5 to 16 km/s), numerical modeling of the formation process was carried out within the framework of a two-dimensional axisymmetric problem of continuum mechanics using three different computing codes to increase the reliability of the results. The calculations consider shaped charges with a diameter of 20-100 mm with aluminum liners of various shapes. It is shown that the formation of particles with velocities close to the lower limit of the considered range is ensured by gently sloping segmental liners of degressive thickness. To form higher-velocity particles with velocities over 5 km/s, it is proposed to use combined liners, the jet-forming part of which has the shape of a hemisphere of constant thickness or the shape of a semi-ellipsoid or semi-superellipsoid of rotation of degressive thickness.

关键词： Space debris Meteoric impact Explosion Shaped charge High-velocity aluminum element Segmental liner Combined liner Numerical simulation

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Specificity of electrophysical and gas-sensitive properties of nanocomposite ZnO–TiO_(2) films formed by solid-phase pyrolysis

ChemPhysMater

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ChemPhysMater 2024年第3期3卷 314-319页

作者： victor v.Petrov Maria G.volkova Alexsandra P.Ivanishcheva Gleb v.Tolstyak ekaterina M.Bayanb Institute of Nanotechnologies Electronicsand Equipment EngineeringSouthern Federal UniversityTaganrog 347922Russia Faculty of Chemistry Southern Federal UniversityRostov-on-Don 344090Russia

ZnO–TiO_(2) thin films containing 0.5 mol%,1.0 mol%,and 5.0 mol%ZnO were synthesized by oxidative solidphase *** materials contained anatase and rutile phases with particle size of 6–13 nm,as confirmed using X-ray phase analysis and scanning electron *** a certain number of ZnO crystallites appeared in the TiO_(2) film structure in the temperature range of room temperature to 220℃,a two-level response of the film resistance was observed,differing by approximately 10%,as obtained by electrophysical *** two-level response correlates with the formation of two donor energy levels of 0.28 and 0.33 ev in the band structure of the ZnO–TiO_(2) *** donor level with a higher activation energy corresponded to the Ti vacancy(v−Ti),and that with a lower activation energy corresponded to the Zn vacancy(v−Zn).Two levels of gas-sensitive properties were noted for 0.5ZnO–TiO_(2),1ZnO–TiO_(2),and 5ZnO–TiO_(2) under the influence of 50 ppm NO_(2) at 250℃.Such two-level responses can be ascribed to the pinning of the Fermi level on ZnO and TiO_(2) *** mechanism of the beak-shaped and two-level responses of sensors based on composite nanomaterials when exposed to various gases was elucidated.

关键词： Thin film ZnO TiO_(2) Nanocomposites Pyrolysis Gas sensors

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ChatGPT: Application in Chemistry Education and Challenges

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第3期12卷 196-206页

作者： vladimir L. Kodkin ekaterina v. Artem’eva Power Engineering Faculty South Ural State University Chelyabinsk Russia Department of Chemistry Institute of Natural Sciences South Ural State University Chelyabinsk Russia

The paper discusses the advancements and applications of neural networks, specifically ChatGPT, in various fields, including chemistry education and research. It examines the benefits of AI and ChatGPT, such as their ability to process and analyze large amounts of data, create personalized training systems, and offer problem-solving recommendations. The paper delves into practical applications, showcasing how ChatGPT can be utilised to augment chemistry learning. It provides examples of using ChatGPT for creating tests, generating multiple-choice questions, and studying chemistry in general. Concerns are voiced about the ethical and societal impact of AI development. In conclusion, it explores the exciting potential of AI to tackle challenges that may exceed human capabilities alone, paving the way for further exploration and collaboration between humans and intelligent machines.

关键词： ChatGPT 3.5 Artificial Intelligence AI for Education Computer-Based Learning

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PD-1^(+)and TIM-3^(+)T cells widely express commonγ-chain cytokine receptors in multiple myeloma patients,and IL-2,IL-7,IL-15 stimulation up-regulates PD-1 and TIM-3 on T cells

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Oncology Research 2024年第10期32卷 1575-1587页

作者： EGOR v.BATOROv ALISA D.INESHINA TATIANA A.ARISTOvA vERA v.DENISOvA SvETLANA A.SIZIKOvA DARIA S.BATOROvA GALINA Y.USHAKOvA ekaterina Y.SHEvELA ELENA R.CHERNYKH Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical ImmunologyNovosibirsk630099Russia v.Zelman Institute of Medicine and Psychology Novosibirsk National Research State UniversityNovosibirsk630090Russia Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical ImmunologyNovosibirsk630099Russia

Background:Immune checkpoint ligand-receptor interactions appear to be associated with multiple myeloma(MM)***,previous studies showed the possibility of PD-1 and TIM-3 expression on T cells upon stimulation with commonγ-chain family cytokines in vitro and during homeostatic *** aim of the present work was to study the impact of homeostatic proliferation on the expansion of certain T cell subsets upregulating PD-1 and TIM-3 checkpoint ***:The expression of CD25,CD122,CD127 commonγ-chain cytokine receptors,phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-5(pSTAT5)and eomesodermin(EOMES)was comparatively assessed with flow cytometry in PD-1-and TIM-3-negative and positive T cells before the conditioning and during the first post-transplant month in peripheral blood samples of MM ***:Substantial proportions of PD-1-and TIM-3-positive T lymphocytes expressed commonγ-chain cytokine receptors and *** of cytokine receptor expressing cells were significantly higher within TIM-3+T cells compared to PD-1+TIM-3−*** proportions of both PD-1-/TIM-3-negative and positive CD8+T cells express EOMES,while only moderate frequencies of CD4+PD-1+/TIM-3+T cells up-regulate this transcription ***,the surface presence of CD25 and intranuclear expression of EOMES in CD4+T cells were mutually exclusive regardless of PD-1 and TIM-3 *** stimulation with commonγ-chain cytokines up-regulates PD-1 and TIM-3 during the proliferation of initially PD-1/TIM-3-negative T cells but fails to expand initially PD-1+and TIM-3+T cell subsets in ***:Both PD-1 and TIM-3 expressing T cells appear to be able to respond to homeostatic cytokine *** in commonγ-chain cytokine receptor expression between PD-1+and TIM-3+T cells may reflect functional dissimilarity of these cell *** blockade appears to alleviate lymphopenia-induced prolif

关键词： Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(AHSCT) CD25 CD122 Eomesodermin(EOMES) Homeostatic proliferation

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A rened analytical model for reconstruction problems in diuse reectance spectroscopy

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2024年第5期17卷 33-51页

作者： ekaterina Sergeeva Daria Kurakina Ilya Turchin and Mikhail Kirillin A.v.gaponov-grekhov institute of applied physics of the russian academy of sciences ulyanov st.46 603950nizhny novgorodrussia

A rened analytical model of spatially resolved diffuse reectance with small source-detector separations(SDSs)for the in vivo skin studies is *** to the conventional model developed by Farrell et al.,it accounts for the limited acceptance angle of the *** rened model is validated in the wide range of optical parameters by Monte Carlo simulations of skin diffuse reectance at SDSs of units of *** of uniform dermis and two-layered epidermis-dermis structures are *** accuracy of the rened model compared to the conventional one is demonstrated in the separate,constraint-free reconstruction of absorption and reduced scattering spectra of uniform dermis from the Monte Carlo simulated *** the case of epidermis-dermis geometry,the recovered values of reduced scattering in dermis are overestimated and the recovered values of absorption are underestimated for both analytical ***,in the presence of a thin mismatched topical layer,only the effective attenuation coe±cient of the bottom layer can be accurately recovered using a diffusion theorybased analytical model while separate reconstruction of absorption and reduced scattering fails due to the inapplicability of the method of ***-ndings require implementation of more sophisticated models of light transfer in inhomogeneous media in the recovery algorithms.

关键词： Diffuse reffectance spectroscopy in vivo skin studies optical properties reconstruction diffuse approximation Monte Carlo simulations method of images

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Investigation of electrophysical, photo- and gas-sensitive properties of ZnO–SnO_(2) sol–gel fflms

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Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 2024年第1期14卷 42-50页

作者： Irina A.Gulyaeva Alexandra P.Ivanisheva Maria G.volkova victoria Yu.Storozhenko Soslan A.Khubezhov ekaterina M.Bayan victor v.Petrov Research and Education Centre“Microsystem Technics and Multisensory Monitoring Systems”Southern Federal University Russia Department of Chemistry Southern Federal UniversityRussia Department of Physics North-Ossetian State University362025 VladikavkazRussia Department of Physics and Engineering ITMO University191002 PetersburgRussia

Thin nanocomposite fflms based on tin dioxide with a low content of zinc oxide(0.5–5 mol.%)were obtained by the sol–gel *** synthesized fflms are 300–600 nm thick and contains pore sizes of 19–29 *** resulting ZnO–SnO_(2) fflms were comprehensively studied by atomic force and Kelvin probe force microscopy,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,and high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy *** photoconductivity parameters on exposure to light with a wavelength of 470 nm were also *** study of the photosensitivity kinetics of ZnO–SnO_(2) fflms showed that the fflm with the Zn:Sn ratio equal to 0.5:99.5 has the minimum value of the charge carrier generation time *** of the activation energy of the conductivity,potential barrier,and surface potential of ZnO–SnO_(2) fflms showed that these parameters have maxima at ZnO concentrations of 0.5 mol.%and 1 mol.%.Films with 1 mol.%ZnO exhibit high response values when exposed to 5–50 ppm of nitrogen dioxide at operating temperatures of 200℃ and 250℃.

关键词： Sol–gel method,ZnO–SnO_(2) films gas-sensitive properties surface potential potential barrier conduction activation energy

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Structural traits of woody plants and geomorphological conditions to the vegetation recovery at Ksudach caldera(Southern Kamchatka) since the explosive eruption in 1907

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第7期17卷 1613-1635页

作者： KOPANINA Anna v LEBEDEvA ekaterina v vLASOvA Inna I TALSKIKH Anastasia v Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesNauka street1 B693022Yuzhno-SakhalinskRussia Institute of Geography Russian Academy of SciencesStaromonetny s-str.29119017MoscowRussia

This study considers the restoration of the plant cover destroyed by a catastrophic volcano eruption in the south of Kamchatka Peninsula(the Ksudach caldera,Shtyubel cone),with a particular attention to the role of woody *** aims to qualitatively estimate(at a qualitative level)the rate of the primary succession development depending on the microrelief and the modern relief-forming *** vegetation recovery in the caldera after the Shtyubel cone eruption 109 years ago proceeds slowly and *** proceeds most slowly on a thick tephra mantle continuously disturbed by water and wind erosion,lahars,debris flows,landslides,*** conditions are most typical of the western part of the caldera dominated by pumice fields with occasional patches of pioneer herbs and dwarf *** tundra communities with gradually expanding patches of shrub alder develop in the southern,eastern and northeastern parts of the Ksudach *** 1997 the area of the shrub alder communities has increased by 1.9 times,while the alpine tundra–by 1.3 times *** woody plants(dwarf shrubs and prostrate shrubs)are of particular importance in the process of the vegetation recovery on pumice *** suggest that the bark thickness of woody plants is an integrated indicator,which may serve for estimating the state of ecosystem in the course of the primary succession development on juvenile *** extremely inhospitable environments cause changes in physiological processes in the plant body and in its bark in *** results show that woody plants have a"thin"bark and develop some structural-functional arrangements for keeping bark tissues at their ***,the woody plant structure and the rate of changes in plant communities are under control of the geomorphic conditions and primarily–of physicochemical features of the pyroclastic cover.

关键词： Ksudach caldera Pioneer species Woody plants Bark Pyroclastic deposits Geomorphological processes

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