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Overview of Factors Affecting Dust Deposition on Photovoltaic Cells and Cleaning Methods

Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2024年第1期15卷 49-78页

作者： Mamadou Tamboura ekaterina alexandrovna Gosteva Institute of New Materials National University of Science and Technology MISIS Moscow Russia

Dust deposition on the surface of photovoltaic (PV) cells poses a significant challenge to their efficiency, especially in arid regions characterized by desert and semi-desert conditions. Despite the pronounced impact of dust accumulation, these regions offer optimal solar radiation and minimal cloud cover, making them ideal candidates for widespread PV cell deployment. Various surface cleaning methods exist, each employing distinct approaches. Choosing an appropriate cleaning method requires a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms involved in both dust deposition on module surfaces and dust adhesion to PV cell surfaces. The mechanisms governing dust deposition and adhesion are complex and multifaceted, influenced by factors such as the nature and properties of the dust particles, environmental climatic conditions, characteristics of protective coatings, and the specific location of the PV installation. These factors exhibit regional variations, necessitating the implementation of diverse cleaning approaches tailored to the unique conditions of each location. The first part of this article explores the factors influencing dust deposition on PV cell surfaces, delving into the intricate interplay of environmental variables and particle characteristics. Subsequently, the second part addresses various cleaning methods, offering an analysis of their respective advantages and disadvantages. By comprehensively examining the factors influencing dust accumulation and evaluating the effectiveness of different cleaning strategies, this article aims to contribute valuable insights to the ongoing efforts to optimize the performance and longevity of photovoltaic systems in diverse geographical contexts.

关键词： Solar Energy Dust Deposition Cleaning Methods

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The Structure of Insoluble Pectinates and Alginates of Polyvalent Metals Based on IR Spectra Data

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2017年第5期8卷 334-344页

作者： Nelli Shalikovna Kajsheva Alexander Shalikovich Kajshev Anna Borisovna Samoryadova Sergey Vasilyevich Volokitin Christina Nicolaevna Gulbjakova ekaterina alexandrovna maslovskaya Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute—A Branch of Federal State-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Vocational Education “Volg SMU” Pyatigorsk Russia

Using the method of IR spectroscopy it was ascertained that in pectinates and alginates of polyvalent metals the coordination bonds between cations Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and the oxygen atoms of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, pyranose cycle and glycosidic linkage of polyuronides, the water molecules are formed. It was also ascertained that Cu2+ cations form asymmetrical structures with carboxyl groups of polyuronides (monodentate ligands) and cations of other metals—symmetrical structures with carboxyl groups of polyuronides (bidentate ligands).

关键词： Coordination Compounds Pectinates of Metals Alginates of Metals Structure IR Spectra

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Morphology of crater and caldera lakes in the Far Eastern region of Russia and the features of their development

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第4期21卷 1246-1258页

作者： Dmitrii N.KOZLOV ekaterina V.LEBEDEVA Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesYuzhno-Sakhalinsk 693022Russia Institute of Geography Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119017Russia

Volcanic lakes in the Kuril-Kamchatka region are difficult to access,and for this reason,they remain poorly studied,with only scattered and brief data *** authors have conducted a study of 10 lake basins using modern digital echolocation survey techniques and have also compiled and summarized published data for 15 lakes in the region,calculating their main morphometric *** has been established that many caldera lake basins are modified by young explosive funnels,extrusive or effusive domes,and exhibit traces of hydrothermal *** lakes of the same genetic type in the Kuril-Kamchatka region are similar in depth and depression forms,the group of caldera lakes shows less homogeneity across all morphometric *** was found that the absolute heights of the reservoirs on Kamchatka Peninsula are generally greater than those on the Kuril Islands,as is often the case with the size of their *** volcanic lakes under study can rapidly change their volume and shape under the influence of endogenous *** the first time for this region,on the base of repeated observations,underwater extrusive dome rate growth and the approximate rates of 2 lake level changes were *** observations of lakes in the Ksudach calderas(Kamchatka)and on Simushir Island indicate approximate rates of level changes:a decrease ranging within 0.5-0.6 m per year(over a 27-year observation interval)and an increase reaching up to 0.26 m per year(over a 48-year interval).The growth rate of the underwater extrusive dome in Lake Shtyubel has averaged 1-1.6 m per year over the past 25 *** analysis has facilitated the first generalization regarding the morphology and developmental features of crater and caldera lakes in the Kuril-Kamchatka region of Russia,representing an important step in their *** results obtained will provide a solid foundation for subsequent research in this region and may be of interest to researchers studying

关键词： Volcanic lakes Echolocation survey Volcanism Gashydrotherms Kamchatka Kuril Islands

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Polyelectrolyte Complexes between Hyperbranched and Linear Polysaccharides: Fucoidan/Chitosan

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第4期42卷 468-479页

作者： ekaterina R.Gasilova Daria N.Poshina Aleksandra O.Sitnikova Natalia N.Saprykina Yury A.Skorik Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences Bolshoi VO 31St.Petersburg199004Russian Federation

Polyelectrolyte complexes(PECs)of hyperbranched(HB)and linear polysaccharides are promising as more effective encapsulation agents compared to PECs formed by linear *** investigated the PECs between the HB anionic polysaccharide fucoidan(FUC)and the cationic linear polysaccharide chitosan(CS).The FUC had a molecular weight(MW)of 30×*** PECs were prepared in three solvents(water,0.01 and 0.1 mol/L acetic acid)with CS of MW of 15,110 and 170 kDa,and deacetylation degrees(DDA)of 70%and 97%.The structures of the PECs and the initial FUC were investigated by multi-angle static and dynamic light *** the FUC contained 18 wt%of—OSO3 groups and 5 wt%of uronic acid units,it was a“strong-weak”copolyanion,so the HB macromolecules of the FUC formed nanogel particles in 0.1 mol/L AcOH and open branched structures in water,as confirmed by the Kratky *** mixing the solutions of original components,the PEC structures underwent an equilibration period,the duration of which increased with the MW of *** the charge stoichiometry was approached,the PECs shrank;the fractal dimension approached unity,indicating the side-by-side packing of adjacent FUC branches with the help of *** aggregation in the vicinity of the charge compensation was hardly observed,as it occurred in a very narrow *** PEC content at theζ-potential inversion depended on solvents’pH and the DDA of *** the extreme case of core-shell PECs in 0.1 mol/L AcOH,obtained by mixing FUC nanogels with the solutions of high MW CS of 97%DDA,the protruding tails of CS formed a positively charged shell in the whole range of FUC content(10 wt%

关键词： Polyelectrolyte complexes Chitosan Hyperbranched fucoidan Light scattering

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Prognostic and predictive role of immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第3期16卷 643-652页

作者： Olesya Kuznetsova Mikhail Fedyanin Larisa Zavalishina Larisa Moskvina Olga Kuznetsova Alexandra Lebedeva Alexey Tryakin Galina Kireeva Gleb Borshchev Sergei Tjulandin ekaterina Ignatova Department of Chemotherapy Federal State Budgetary Institution(N.N.Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology)of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationMoscow 115478Russia Department of Pathology Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional EducationMoscow 123242Russia OncoAtlas LCC Moscow 115478Russia Federal State Budgetary Institution“National Medical and Surgical Center named after N.I.Pirogov”of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Moscow 105203Russia STOONCO:Science and Technology in Oncology Moscow 115478Russia

Colorectal cancer(CRC)represents a molecularly heterogeneous disease and one of the most frequent causes of cancer-related death *** traditional classification of CRC is based on pathomorphological and molecular character-istics of tumor cells(mucinous,ring-cell carcinomas,etc.),analysis of mechanisms of carcinogenesis involved(chromosomal instability,microsatellite instability,CpG island methylator phenotype)and mutational statuses of commonly altered genes(KRAS,NRAS,BRAF,APC,etc.),as well as expression signatures(CMS 1-4).It is also suggested that the tumor microenvironment is a key player in tumor progression and metastasis in *** to the latest data,the immune microenvironment can also be predictive of the response to immune checkpoint *** this review,we highlight how the immune environment influences CRC prognosis and sensitivity to systemic therapy.

关键词： Immunoscore Immune microenvironment Colorectal cancer Gastrointestinal cancers Predictive biomarkers Digital pathology

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Investigation of Oil Vapours in Hydro-Generator

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 19-30页

作者： ekaterina Shubina Dmitry Verkhovtsev Stanislav Gulay Andrey Lyamin Bureau for the Design of Hydro-Generators JSC “Power Machines” Saint Petersburg Russia Field Tests Department JSC “Power Machines” Saint Petersburg Russia

The article discusses engineering approaches to solving the problem of oil vapours in generators. Due to the design characteristics of each power plant, it is difficult to find a typical solution. Nevertheless, the article suggests ways to reduce the amount of oil mist. For their implementation, a calculation methodology based on the substitution scheme of the hydraulic path of the bearing support unit is created which takes into account the design features of the bearing and the parameters of the environment around the oil bath. The methodology employed is presented. The numerical method of modelling the aerodynamic fields of the entire hydro generator is used to estimate the air flows and pressures in the oil bath zone of the thrust bearing. Additionally, the method made it possible to track suspected oil particles that could get from the thrust-bearing bath into the surrounding area of the generator. Measures are proposed to reduce the level of oil mist through the competent design of the oil vapour removal system from the bearing bath.

关键词： Hydro-Generator Cooling Oil Mist Bearings Fluid Dynamics

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ChatGPT: Application in Chemistry Education and Challenges

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第3期12卷 196-206页

作者： Vladimir L. Kodkin ekaterina V. Artem’eva Power Engineering Faculty South Ural State University Chelyabinsk Russia Department of Chemistry Institute of Natural Sciences South Ural State University Chelyabinsk Russia

The paper discusses the advancements and applications of neural networks, specifically ChatGPT, in various fields, including chemistry education and research. It examines the benefits of AI and ChatGPT, such as their ability to process and analyze large amounts of data, create personalized training systems, and offer problem-solving recommendations. The paper delves into practical applications, showcasing how ChatGPT can be utilised to augment chemistry learning. It provides examples of using ChatGPT for creating tests, generating multiple-choice questions, and studying chemistry in general. Concerns are voiced about the ethical and societal impact of AI development. In conclusion, it explores the exciting potential of AI to tackle challenges that may exceed human capabilities alone, paving the way for further exploration and collaboration between humans and intelligent machines.

关键词： ChatGPT 3.5 Artificial Intelligence AI for Education Computer-Based Learning

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Cu/TiO_(2) Photocatalysts for CO_(2) Reduction: Structure and Evolution of the Cocatalyst Active Form

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2024年第2期30卷 140-151页

作者： Andrey A.Saraev Anna Yu.Kurenkova Denis D.Mishchenko Alexandr L.Trigub Evgeniy Yu.Gerasimov ekaterina A.Kozlova Boreskov Institute of Catalysis Lavrentieva Ave 5Novosibirsk 630090Russia Synchrotron Radiation Facility SKIF Boreskov Institute of CatalysisNikol’skiy Ave 1Kol’tsovo 630559Russia National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”Kurchatova Sq 1Moscow 123182Russia

Extensive work on a Cu-modified TiO_(2) photocatalyst for CO_(2) reduction under visible light irradiation was conducted. The structure of the copper cocatalyst was established using UV-vis diff use refl ectance spectroscopy, high-resolution transmis- sion electron microscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that copper exists in different states (Cu 0 , Cu^(+) , and Cu^(2+) ), the content of which depends on the TiO_(2) calcination temperature and copper loading. The optimum composition of the cocatalyst has a photocatalyst based on TiO_(2) calcined at 700℃ and modified with 5 wt% copper, the activity of which is 22 μmol/(h·g cat ) (409 nm). Analysis of the photocatalysts after the photocatalytic reaction disclosed that the copper metal on the surface of the calcined TiO_(2) was gradually converted into Cu_(2) O during the photocatalytic reaction. Meanwhile, the metallic copper on the surface of the noncalcined TiO_(2) did not undergo any trans- formation during the reaction.

关键词： Photocatalysis Photocatalytic CO_(2)conversion Visible light Titanium dioxide Copper Copper oxides Methane formation Photocatalyst transformation

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Investigation of electrophysical, photo- and gas-sensitive properties of ZnO–SnO_(2) sol–gel fflms

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Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 2024年第1期14卷 42-50页

作者： Irina A.Gulyaeva Alexandra P.Ivanisheva Maria G.Volkova Victoria Yu.Storozhenko Soslan A.Khubezhov ekaterina M.Bayan Victor V.Petrov Research and Education Centre“Microsystem Technics and Multisensory Monitoring Systems”Southern Federal University Russia Department of Chemistry Southern Federal UniversityRussia Department of Physics North-Ossetian State University362025 VladikavkazRussia Department of Physics and Engineering ITMO University191002 PetersburgRussia

Thin nanocomposite fflms based on tin dioxide with a low content of zinc oxide(0.5–5 mol.%)were obtained by the sol–gel *** synthesized fflms are 300–600 nm thick and contains pore sizes of 19–29 *** resulting ZnO–SnO_(2) fflms were comprehensively studied by atomic force and Kelvin probe force microscopy,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,and high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy *** photoconductivity parameters on exposure to light with a wavelength of 470 nm were also *** study of the photosensitivity kinetics of ZnO–SnO_(2) fflms showed that the fflm with the Zn:Sn ratio equal to 0.5:99.5 has the minimum value of the charge carrier generation time *** of the activation energy of the conductivity,potential barrier,and surface potential of ZnO–SnO_(2) fflms showed that these parameters have maxima at ZnO concentrations of 0.5 mol.%and 1 mol.%.Films with 1 mol.%ZnO exhibit high response values when exposed to 5–50 ppm of nitrogen dioxide at operating temperatures of 200℃ and 250℃.

关键词： Sol–gel method,ZnO–SnO_(2) films gas-sensitive properties surface potential potential barrier conduction activation energy

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BCD020 rituximab bioanalog compared to standard treatment in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus: The data of 12 months casecontrol study

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第1期13卷 52-61页

作者： Elvira Kalashnikova Eugenia Isupova ekaterina Gaidar Lyubov Sorokina Maria Kaneva Vera Masalova Margarita Dubko Tatiana Kornishina Natalia Lubimova ekaterina Kuchinskaya Irina Chikova Rinat Raupov Olga Kalashnikova Mikhail Kostik Hospital Pediatry Department Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical UniversitySaint-Petersburg 194100Russia Research Laboratory of Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases Almazov National Medical Research CentreSaint Petersburg 197341Russia Department of Rheumatology Turner National Medical Research Center forСhildren’s Orthopedics and Trauma SurgerySaint-Petetrsburg 197136Russia

BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is the most frequent and serious systemic connective tissue *** there is no clear guidance on its treatment in *** are a lot of negative effects of standard-of-care treatment(SOCT),including steroid ***(RTX)is the biological B-lymphocyte-depleting agent suggested as a basic therapy in pediatric *** To compare the benefits of RTX above *** The data from case histories of 79 children from the Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University from 2012 to 2022 years,were *** diagnosis of SLE was established with SLICC *** compared the outcomes of treatment of SLE in children treated with and without *** data,doses of glucocorticosteroids,disease activity measured with SELENA-SLEDAI,RESULTS Patients,treated with RTX initially had a higher degree of disease activity with prevalence of central nervous system and kidney involvement,compared to patients with *** year later the disease characteristics became similar between groups with a more marked reduction of disease activity(SELENA-SLEDAI activity index)in the children who received RTX[-19 points(17;23)since baseline]compared to children with SOCT[-10(5;15.5)points since baseline,P=0.001],the number of patients with active lupus nephritis,and daily *** RTX therapy,infectious diseases had three patients;one patient developed a *** RTX can be considered as the option in the treatment of severe forms of SLE,due to its ability to arrest disease activity compared to SOCT.

关键词： Systemic lupus erythematosus Children Rituximab Anti-B-cell therapy Glucocorticosteroids

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