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A simple method to model the reduced environment of lake bottom sapropel formation

Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2017年第4期35卷 956-966页

作者： Olga L.GASKOVA Vera D.STRAKHOVENKO Nadezhda I.ERMOLAEVA Eugene Yu.ZARUBINA ekaterina a.ovdina V.S.Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk State University Institute for Water and Environmental Problems Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

The Kambala and Barchin brackish lakes （Baraba steppe, southern West Siberia） contain an organic-rich sapropel layer that was formed in oxygen-depleted waters. We measured the bulk sediment elemental composition, the water chemistry and determined the mineralogical composition and predominant biota species （Diatoms and Cyanobacteria in phytoplankton community respectively） in the lakes. The result indicates that the first lake has a siliceous type of sapropel and the second a carbonaceous one. A computer thermodynamic model was developed for chemical interaction in water-bottom sediment systems of the Kambala and Barchin Lakes. The surface sodium bicarbonate waters are supersaturated with respect to calcite, magnesite （or low Mg-calcite）, quartz and chlorite with minor strontianite, apatite and goethite （pH 8.9-9.3, Eh 0.3 V）. Nevertheless, it is shown that during sapropel deposition, deep silt waters should be anoxic （Eh〈0 V）. The virtual component CH20 has been used to create an anoxic environment suitable for pyrite formation due to the biotic community impact and abiotic reduction. Thermodynamic calculation has shown that silt water is not necessarily euxinic （anoxic and sulfidic）. Depending on Eh, sulfate sulfur can dominate in solution, causing the formation of gypsum together with pyrite. An attempt was made to find a reason for solution supersaturation with respect to Ca and Mg ions due to their complexation with humic acids.

关键词： brackish lakes sapropel sediments mineral composition silica calcite thermodynamic calculations

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Chemical and biological features of the saline Lake Krasnovishnevoye(Baraba,Russia)in comparison with Lake Malinovoe(Kulunda,Russia):a reconnaissance study

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第6期36卷 1993-2001页

作者： Anastasia KOMOVA Anna MELNIKOVA Zorigto NAMSARAEV Roman ROMANOV Vera STRAKHOVENKO ekaterina ovdina Nadezhda ERMOLAEVA National Research Centre“Kurchatov Institute” Moscow 123182Russia Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk 630090Russia V.S.Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk 630090Russia Institute for Water and Environmental Problems Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesBarnaul 656038Russia

The Baraba and Kulunda steppes are located in southwestern Siberia in an area with an arid continental climate. This paper presents results of the first study of the hypersaline Lake Krasnovishnevoye(Baraba steppe, TDS(total dissolved solids)=297 g/L, pH 7.88). The major chemical, mineralogical and biological features of the lake were studied and compared to those of Lake Malinovoe, a typical saline neutral lake of Kulunda steppe(TDS=396 g/L, pH 7.63). The phytoplankton composition and the culturable diversity of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria from Lake Krasnovishnevoye correspond to the ones in the Kulunda lakes. Nevertheless, the peculiarities of water composition and regime of Lake Krasnovishnevoye reduce the biodiversity to prokaryotes and unicellular algae.

关键词： saline and soda lakes hydrochemistry hydrobiology phytoplankton zooplankton anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria

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