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A Cameroonian Traditional Cake (<i>Komba</i>) Prepared Using Yellow Maize Reduce Vitamin A Deficiency in Lactating Mothers

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2018年第3期9卷 247-258页

作者： Ngaha Damndja Wilfred ejoh aba richard Fombang Nig Edith Gouado Inocent Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Food and Bioresource Technology College of Technology The University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a widespread public health problem in developing nations affecting greatly pregnant and lactating women. To alleviate the deficiency, many strategies were set up by the Cameroonian authorities. However, the level of VAD is still very high, thus the option of supplementation of foods remains a very important option. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a food supplementation with komba, a Cameroonian traditional yellow maize cake, on vitamin A status of lactating mothers in Ngaoundere town. To achieve this, 40 lactating mothers were recruited in four health facilities of the Ngaoundere town. They were dewormed and subdivided in two groups of 20 subjects each and fed for two months. The test group received 200 g of yellow maize cake while the control group received 200 g of white maize. 24-hour dietary recall was used to assess their food intake during the study period. Blood sample were collected at the beginning and the end of the study and the serum retinol determined. Results show that before the supplementation, 45% of the women had inadequate level of serum retinol in each group. At the end of the 2 months of supplementation, 30% of the control group remained inadequate, while the totality of all the women in the test group had adequate serum retinol levels (≥1.05 μmol/l). That means an improvement of the vitamin A status in the test group. Results also show a significant (p < 0.05) increase of 36.3% of serum retinol in the test group against 3.8% in the control group. The women of the test group had more chances to see their serum retinol increasing compared to the control group. Consumption of yellow maize cake therefore improves the vitamin A status of lactating mothers. The population can therefore change their habits to consume yellow maize instead of the white maize variety popularly consumed.

关键词： Food Supplementation Yellow Maize Cake Lactating Mothers Vitamin A Status

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Production and Evaluation of the Nutritional and Functional Qualities of “Adakwa” Enriched with Waste Biomass of Traditional Brewer’s Spent Grain as a Functional Staple Food

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2023年第4期13卷 265-288页

作者： Tankem Tankem Pride Ndasi Ngwasiri Wilson Agwanande Ambindei Makebe Calister Wingang Ngwa Martin Ngwabie Martin Benoit Ngassoum ejoh richard aba Department of Nutrition Food and Bioresource Technology College of Technology University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Department of Process Engineering ENSAI University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering National Higher Polytechnic Institute University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Department of Agriculture and Environmental Engineering College of Technology University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Department of Applied Chemistry ENSAI University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon

Brewers’ spent grains constitute a nutrient-rich valuable and highly under-utilized by-product of the beer industry produced in large amounts all through the year. This bio-resource is a very good candidate for valorization, due to environmental and economic concerns, using biotechnological processing, particularly for food enrichment. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of fortification of Adakwa with traditional brewers’ spent grains (TBSG) on its physicochemical and nutritional properties as well as its acceptability using an experimental design. Four (4) samples of Adakwa were produced with TBSG incorporated rates of 0% (control sample), 10%, 20%, and 30% and evaluated. Using an experimental design, the effect of process parameters, including the TBSG incorporation rate, cooking time, and cooking temperatures on the physicochemical and nutritional properties of the Adakwa were evaluated while the 9-point hedonic scale was used to evaluate the sensory properties and its overall acceptability: carbohydrate, protein, crude fibre, cellulose, polyphenol, antioxidant activity (FRAP and DPPH). The water absorption activity values were 81.2 ± 0.04, 4.55 ± 0.05, 9.73 ± 0.23, 3.31 ± 0.05, 6.73 ± 0.23, 1.60 ± 0.09, 28.85 ± 0.8 and 117 ± 3.54 respectively for 0% TBSG (control);86.8 ± 0.01, 1.81± 0.20, 16.22 ± 0.16, 5.54 ± 0.69, 6.01 ± 0.16, 6.59 ± 0.03, 25.89 ± 0.94 and 475.0 ± 21.21 respectively for 30% TBSG. The sample with a high nutrient content was further produced using a central composite design and the factors studied were temperature and time, with responses, crude fiber, and FRAP content. The optimum production condition was: % TBSG: 47.06%;temperature: 123.17℃;Time: 30.34 mins. The sample with 47% TBSG had the best overall acceptability after sensory evaluation with sensory scores of: 5.45 ± 0.76, 7.9 ± 0.79, 8.0 ± 1.0, 7.10 ± 0.16, 8.5 ± 1.6, 7.6 ± 0.98 for color, taste, aroma, mouthfeel, texture and overall acceptability respectively. Thus TBSG can

关键词： Biomass Brew-Waste Spent Grain Valorisation Adakwa Enrichment

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Variability in Vitamin A Intake of Pregnant Women in Ngaoundere-Cameroon with Geographic Origin, Socio-Professional and Demographic Factors

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2016年第2期7卷 74-82页

作者： Edith N. Fombang Wilfred Damndja Ngaha richard aba ejoh Department of Food Science and Nutrition National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences University of Ngaoundere Ngaound&eacute ré Cameroon College of Technology University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon

Variability in vitamin A (VA) intake of pregnant women in Ngaoundere town according to geographic origin, socio-professional and demographic factors was studied. A total of 100 pregnant women attending ante natal visits at the Regional Hospital in Ngaoundere were involved in the survey. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on geographic origin, socio-professional status, birth history, demographic and anthropometric factors. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour dietary recall. Meals potentially rich in VA consumed by these women were collected, their carotenoids contents quantified and VA activity determined by conversion. Results indicated that daily VA intake of these women varied significantly (p < 0.05) with geographic origin, level of education and age of pregnancy. VA intake of pregnant women of Northern origin (Adamawa, North and Far North Regions) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower (496 μg/day/woman) than that of women of Southern origin (588 μg/day/woman), although both were below the recommended intake of 800 μg/day/woman. The more educated a woman and the older her pregnancy, the higher her VA intake. VA consumption of pregnant women of Northern origin was significantly influenced by their age, whereas for pregnant women of Southern origin, BMI (Body Mass Index) equally had a significant influence on their VA intake. Socio-professional status, marital status and number of children did not significantly influence the daily VA intake of these women. Thus, a pregnant woman originating from the Northern part of the country and having no formal education, consumed less foods rich in carotenoids and therefore was more at risk for vitamin A deficiency.

关键词： Pregnant Women Geographic Origin Socio-Demographic Factors Ngaoundere Vitamin A Intake

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Effect of incorporation of raphia palm fruit pulp powder on the physicochemical, functional and sensory properties of biscuits

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Food and Health 2023年第1期5卷 6-10页

作者： Tatiana Munghang Tata Thierry Noumo-Ngangmou aba richard ejoh Department of Nutrition Food and Bio-Resource TechnologyCollege of Technologythe University of BamendaBamenda 00237Cameroon

Background:Raphia fruit pulp is a good source of phytochemicals and some micronutrients and is locally consumed as a *** aim of this study was to valorize raphia pulp in biscuits production by partially substituting wheat flour in different proportions with flour obtained from the pulp of the raphia ***:Ripe raphia(Raphia hookeri)fruits were purchased from local farms,thoroughly washed and the pulps extracted using a stainless-steel *** pulps were dried at 60℃for 12 h and grounded into *** flour was substituted with the raphia pulp flour(RF)in five different proportions(10,20,30,35,and 40%).The functional properties and nutrient profile of the raphia flour and the biscuits obtained from these composite flours were *** evaluation of the biscuits was also carried out using a nine-point hedonic ***:The RF has a high-water absorption capacity WAC(680%)and oil absorption capacity OAC(560%)favoring its use in pastry *** RF is rich in polyphenols 435.0±20(μg/100g),saponins(155±5 mg/100g)and potassium(922±20 mg/100g).The incorporation of the RF in biscuits significantly affect the chemical *** total polyphenols increased from 182±10μg/100g in the sample containing 10%of RF to 342±17μg/100g in the sample containing 40%of *** increased from 8.75±0.03 mg/100g in the sample with 10%of RF to 10.08±0.27 mg/100g in the 40%substituted *** increased from 69.9±0.01 mg/100g in the sample with 10%of RF to 90.22±0.01 mg/100g in the sample with 40%RF and potassium increased from 434.2±10 mg/100g in the sample with 10%of RF to 647.6±5 mg/100g in the sample with 40%of *** samples made with composite flour containing 20%of RF was the most ***:RF can be used as a raw material to replace 20%of wheat flour in biscuit formulations and improve its nutritional and sensory properties.

关键词： composite flour Raphia palm fruit pulp biscuits phytochemicals acceptability

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Dietary Intake of Vitamin A and Macronutrients among Pregnant Women in Ngaoundere Town, Adamawa Region, Cameroon

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第21期5卷 2071-2080页

作者： Damndja Wilfred Ngaha Edith N. Fombang richard aba ejoh Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon College of Technology University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon

This paper examines the risk of Vitamin A deficiency among selected pregnant women in Ngaoundere, Adamawa Region, Cameroon. A total of one hundred (100) pregnant women attending ante natal visits at the Regional Hospital in Ngaoundere were involved in a survey conducted in 2012 which used a 24-hour dietary recall to assess their dietary intake. Food models were used to assist memory and portion sizes of food taken. Carotenoids were quantified in the meals commonly consumed, as well as proteins, sugar, fibers and oil, nutrients intervening in carotenoids absorption and vitamin A metabolism. The results indicated that the dietary intake of vitamin A was inadequate with 37.5% of the selected pregnant women exposed to acute vitamin A deficiency, while 20% of them were exposed to the severe form. The daily consumption of vitamin A was about 539.09 ± 43.09 μg, corresponding to a contribution of 67.39% to the vitamin A requirement of the pregnant women. The dietary intake of macronutrients was also inadequate with a daily consumption of 57.28 ± 12 g for oils, 177.88 ± 29 g for sugars, 47.34 ± 11 g for proteins and 11.28 ± 3 g for fibers corresponding respectively to a contribution of 63.6%, 70.8%, 78.90% and 45.1% of these nutrients requirement in these women. Given that over 50% of the women surveyed were exposed to vitamin A deficiency, there is a need for urgent intervention programs in the area to alleviate this situation.

关键词： Vitamin A Intake Dietary Intake Vitamin a Deficiency Pregnant Women Ngaoundere

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Effects of ginseng powder on chemical composition, antioxidant and sensory properties of biscuits

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Food and Health 2023年第1期5卷 1-5页

作者： Amabo Joel Mofor aba richard ejoh Thierry Noumo-Ngangmou Department of Nutrition Food and Bioresource TechnologyCollege of Technology(Coltech)University of BamendaBambili P.O Box.39Cameroon

This work aimed to evaluate the quality of biscuits incorporated with ginseng *** powder was incorporated into wheat flour at levels ranging from 0 to 4%and used in the production of *** biscuits were analysed for proximate composition,sensory attributes,phytochemical content,and antioxidant *** revealed that the moisture and fat contents of the biscuits significantly decreased with the incorporation of ginseng ***,protein(3.15 to 4.55 g/100 g DM),carbohydrate(27.80 to 31.10 g/100 g DM)and fiber contents(6.21 to 13.74 g/100 g DM)significantly increased with *** total polyphenols,saponins,and total flavonoid contents increased from 1.67 to 1.99 mgGAE/100 g DM,0 to 0.69 mg,and 0.87 to 1.83 QE/100g DM *** powder also significantly increased the DPPH scavenging activity,from 42.05%to 52.62%,and FRAP value from 2.25 to 7.71μgGAE/g with increased ***,the sensory attributes of the biscuits were not affected by the incorporation of *** powder can therefore be incorporated in wheat flour at up to 4%level for biscuits production as a functional food for the promotion of human health.

关键词： ginseng powder biscuits phytochemicals sensory evaluation antioxidant activity

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Cross-Sectional Height-Specific Changes in Serum Lipid Concentrations in Cameroon Children

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2023年第1期13卷 60-72页

作者： Lifoter Kenneth Navti Loveline Lum Niba Christopher Bonglavnyuy Tume richard aba ejoh Department of Biochemistry The University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon Nutrition and Health Research Group (NHRG) Bamenda Cameroon Department of Public Health The University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon Department of Nutrition Food and Bioresource Technology The University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon

Background: Information on the relationship between height and changes in serum lipids in children is scarce in Cameroon. The aim of this study is to determine prevalence of dyslipidemia with respect to age and gender and assess the association between height increase and serum lipid changes in Cameroon children. Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional analysis included 472 boys and 534 girls between the ages of 5 and 16 years. Body height, weight, and waist circumference (WC) of children were measured and z-scores calculated. Total cholesterol-TC, triglycerides-TG, low density lipoprotein cholesterol-LDL-C and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-HDL-C concentrations in fasting blood samples were determined by enzymatic method using an automated clinical chemistry analyzer (RX Monaco, UK). Children were divided into increasing quartiles of height z-score. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to compare mean lipid concentrations across quartiles of height z-score after controlling for age, gender, body weight, WC and fasting blood glucose. Results: The prevalence of elevated TC and LDL-C were respectively 18.5% and 19.2% higher in girls than boys. Also, the prevalence of elevated TC and TG was highest among younger (5- to 9-year-old) girls and boys respectively. There was a significant decrease in mean TC (168.8 to 127.2 mg/dl;p p = 0.019) and LDL-C (91.1 to 69.4 mg/dl;p = 0.018) in boys;and a significant decrease in mean TC (171.2 to 144.7 mg/dl;p = 0.004) and HDL-C (62.8 to 28.7 mg/dl;p p = 0.053) and the decrease in TG (p = 0.211) and LDL-C (p = 0.732) in girls with increasing height were not significant. Conclusion: Serum lipids decreased with increasing height after controlling for different variables. This study indicates that short children have higher serum lipid concentrations and this may increase the risk of lipid disorders, which may persist into adulthood.

关键词： Serum Lipids Dyslipidemia Height Children Cameroon

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Bioavailability of Iron and Related Components in Cooked Green Leafy Vegetables Consumed in Cameroon

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2019年第9期10卷 1096-1111页

作者： Rachel Fai Nomkong richard aba ejoh Romelle Feumba Dibanda Medoua Nama Gabriel Department of Food and Bioresource Technology College of Technology University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon Centre for Food and Nutrition Research IMPM Yaounde Cameroon

Green leafy vegetables (GLVs) are a potential source of iron to combat iron deficiency in iron deficient population. The aim of this study was to determine the bioavailability of iron in seven species of leafy vegetables (Solanumscrabrun, Venonia amygdalina, Cucurbita maxima, Amarathus hybridus, Colococia esculenta, Solanum macrocarpon and Telfairia occidentalis) consumed in Bamenda, Cameroon. A survey was carried out in 70 households in Bamenda, Cameroon to determine methods of preparation of these green leafy vegetables. Iron, antinutrients and vitamin C levels were determined using standard methods and the bioavailability of iron was determined using an in vitro dialys ability method. The vegetables used for the study were cooked with the addition of tomatoes, peanuts, melon seeds and soybean seeds. The loss of iron in GLVs was as a result of dilution caused by addition of the principal ingredients. The V. amygdalina cooked with soybean contained the highest level of iron (128.28 mg/100g). The S. scrabrum cooked with tomatoes had the highest Total phenolic coumponds of 0.91 g/100g;the C. esculenta recorded the highest with values ranging between 0.14 - 0.35 g/100g;the C. maxima cooked with soybean recorded the highest oxalate level (6.46 g/100g);and the vegetables cooked with melon seeds recording the highest in phytatelevels (70 - 1.63 g/100g). Vitamin C levels were highest in the S. macrocarpon cooked with tomatoes (199.96 mg/100g). Iron bioavailability was highest in A. hybridus cooked with tomatoes (28.09%). The iron bioavailability negatively correlated with phytates and positively with vitamin C. GLV consumed in Bamenda are good sources of iron whose bioavailability can be improved by using tomatoes in cooking.

关键词： Green Leafy Vegetables Iron Bioavailability Cooking Antinutrients Vitamin C

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Determination of Major Carotenoids in Processed Tropical Leafy Vegetables Indigenous to Africa

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2011年第8期2卷 793-802页

作者： Viviane Nkonga Djuikwo Djuikwo richard aba ejoh Inocent Gouado Carl Moses Mbofung Sherry A. Tanumihardjo 不详

Tropical leafy-vegetables (n = 21) indigenous to Cameroon, Africa, were collected, processed, and analyzed for carotenoids by HPLC. The processing techniques used were oven drying;sun-drying;squeeze-washing and boiling;and a combination of boiling in alkaline salt and squeeze-washing. Carotenoids included lutein, α-carotene, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, and β-carotene (all-trans, 13-cis, and 9-cis), which varied by species (P 40% of total carotenoids. Traditional preparation and processing procedures led to significant losses of carotenoids and β-carotene was most affected during sun-drying with a maximum of 73.8% loss observed in A. acanthochiton.

关键词： Carotenoids Processing Vegetables Vitamin A Component

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Fatal meningococcal meningitis in a 2-year-old child:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第5期7卷 636-641页

作者： Aleksander Mularski Czesław Żaba Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine Poznan University of Medical Sciences Institute of Forensic Research

BACKGROUND In fatal cases of meningococcal septicemia, bacteriological diagnosis may not be straightforward due to postmortem replication and relocation of endogenic microflora. In medicolegal practice, aside from routine autopsy and histopathology, also other diagnostic methods, such as microbiological tests,immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction(PCR), are used to examine body fluids and *** SUMMARY We present the case of sudden death in a 2-year-old child. The patient died approximately 30 min after hospital admission before any routine diagnostic procedures were undertaken. Presence of whole-body rash and fulminant course of the disease raised suspicion of meningococcal septicemia. An autopsy was performed seven days after death when the body showed the signs of late postmortem decomposition. No etiological factor of septicemia could be identified based on macro-and microscopic findings. However, PCR demonstrated the presence of genetic material of group W Neisseria meningitidis in patient's cerebrospinal fluid and *** Microbiological PCR should be conducted postmortem whenever a specific etiological factor could not be identified with conventional methods.

关键词： Meningococcal infection Molecular microbiology Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome Neisseria meningitidis Autopsy Cerebrospinal fluid Case report

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