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Sludge Pollution Control from Crude Oil Tank Cleaning

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2022年第9期14卷 632-649页

作者： Christopher C. Adigwe Ify L. Nwaogazie ejikeme ugwoha Adekunle O. David Ndubuisi G. Elemuo Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Port Harcourt Choba Nigeria Department of Civil Engineering Olabisi Onabanjo Univesity Ibogun Campus Ibogun Nigeria Research Fellow at SPDC JV-ARET ADAMS Professorial Chair in Petroleum Engineering University of Port Harcourt Choba Nigeria

This study investigated the use of microbial analysis as a bioremediation option for remediating petroleum sludge, which is part of the waste stream generated in the petroleum industry. The aim is to reduce environmental burden caused by the discharge of untreated sludge. Sludge sample was cultured in other to isolate microorganisms for the sludge treatment. The selected strain of the organisms after screening were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Verticillus sp, Penicillum sp, and Microsporium audouinii. Bioreactors (labeled A, B, C, D and O) were designed for the treatment of petroleum sludge. These reactors contain 2.0 × 10-2 m3 of the diluted sludge samples and the isolated organisms for the treatment process. On a weekly basis, the control reactors received 1.5 × 10-3 m3 of fresh and saline water respectively. After 12 weeks of treatment, sludge physicochemical characteristics showed distinct variations. From the result, reactor D was the best in terms of remediating the sludge as compared to other reactors. Friedman non-parametric test was performed to check if the weeks of treatment affected the reduction of the total hydrocarbon content (THC) in the five reactors and also checked for significant differences in the THC after treatments. The drop in the THC of the treated sludge ranged from 56.0% to 67.3%. These results showed the possibility of enhanced biodegradation of petroleum sludge by hydrocarbon utilizing microorganisms (fungi).

关键词： Petroleum Sludge Sludge Pollution Control Crude Oil Tank Cleaning Microbial Analysis Bioremediation Bioreactor

Adjuvant Rectal Diclofenac for Post Operative Analgesia after Caesarean Section—A Randomized Controlled Study

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第4期14卷 591-609页

作者： Eziaha Eric S. Ede Ayodele A. Olaleye John C. Irechukwu Uchenna Nelson Nwaedu Borniface N. ejikeme Vincent Chidiebere Ali Bartholomew I. Olinya Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Nigeria

BACKGROUND: Pain management following caesarean section still remains a challenge in our environment. Most potent analgesics are either not readily available or expensive. Diclofenac suppository is an NSAID that can be used for postoperative analgesia. It is available and affordable. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of combined rectal diclofenac and intramuscular pentazocine with intramuscular pentazocine alone for post operative pain control following lower segment caesarean section. METHODOLOGY: A total of 120 women who met the selection criteria scheduled for caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia with bupivacaine were randomized into two equal groups to receive either 75 mg diclofenac suppository 12 hourly for 24 hours or one anusol suppository (the placebo) 12 hourly for 24 hours. Both groups received pentazocine as primary analgesia. RESULT: The primary outcome measure is the proportion of patients with severe pain at 24 hours using the visual analogue rating scale. Secondary outcome measures are the time from surgery to ambulation, Passage of flatus, maternal satisfaction and presence of complications. Statistical analysis was done using spss version 22 and graph pad statistical package. Student T-test was used for continuous variables whereas chi square was used for categorical variables P CONCLUSION: Adjuvant rectal diclofenac is superior to pentazocine alone in the management of pain after caesarean section. Less number of patients had moderate to severe pain at 24 hours post operation. Maternal satisfaction in relation to pain management is better with diclofenac suppository. The levels of complications were comparable in both groups.

关键词： Pain Caesarean Section Diclofenac Placebo Suppository

Selective sulfur conversion with surface engineering of electrocatalysts in a lithium-sulfur battery

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Carbon Energy 2023年第2期5卷 72-84页

作者： Yuejin Zhu Yinze Zuo Xuechao Jiao Revanasiddappa Manjunatha ejikeme Raphael Ezeigwe Wei Yan Jiujun Zhang Institute for Sustainable Energy College of SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghaiPR China College of Materials Science and Engineering Fuzhou UniversityFuzhouPR China

The sluggish kinetics of multiphase sulfur conversion with homogeneous and heterogeneous electrochemical processes,causing the“shuttle effect”of soluble polysulfide species(PSs),is the challenges in terms of lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs).In this paper,a Mn_(3)O_(4-x) catalyst,which has much higher activity for heterogeneous reactions than for homogeneous reactions(namely,preferentialactivity catalysts),is designed by surface engineering with rational oxygen vacancies.Due to the rational design of the electronic structure,the Mn_(3)O_(4-x) catalyst prefers to accelerate the conversion of Li2S4 into Li_(2)S_(2)/Li_(2)S and optimize Li_(2)S deposition,reducing the accumulation of PSs and thus suppressing the“shuttle effect.”Both density functional theory calculations and in situ X-ray diffraction measurements are used to probe the catalytic mechanism and identify the reaction intermediates of MnS and Li_(y)Mn_(z)O_(4-x) for fundamental understanding.The cell with Mn_(3)O_(4-x) delivers an ultralow attenuation rate of 0.028% per cycle over 2000 cycles at 2.5 C.Even with sulfur loadings of 4.93 and 7.10mg cm^(-2) in a lean electrolyte(8.4μL mg s^(-1)),the cell still shows an initial areal capacity of 7.3mAh cm^(-2).This study may provide a new way to develop preferential-activity heterogeneous-reaction catalysts to suppress the“shuttle effect”of the soluble PSs generated during the redox process of LSBs.

关键词： electrochemical kinetics heterogeneous catalysis lithium-sulfur batteries Mn3O4-x-catalyzed separator surface engineering

Investigation of the relation between space-weather parameters and Forbush decreases automatically selected from Moscow and Apatity cosmic ray stations during solar cycle 23

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第11期21卷 28-34页

作者： Jibrin Adejoh Alhassan Ogbonnaya Okike Augustine ejikeme Chukwude Department of Physics and Astronomy University of NigeriaNsukka 400001Nigeria Department of Industrial Physics Ebonyi State UniversityAbakaliki 400001Nigeria

We present the results of an investigation of the relation between space-weather parameters and cosmic ray(CR)intensity modulation using algorithm-selected Forbush decreases(FDs)from Moscow(MOSC)and Apatity(APTY)neutron monitor(NM)stations during solar cycle 23.Our FD location program detected 408 and 383 FDs from MOSC and APTY NM stations respectively.A coincident computer code employed in this work detected 229 FDs that were observed at the same Universal Time(UT)at the two stations.Out of the 229 simultaneous FDs,we formed a subset of 139 large FDs(%)≤-4 at the MOSC station.We performed a two-dimensional regression analysis between the FD magnitudes and the space-weather data on the two samples.We find that there were significant space-weather disturbances at the time of the CR flux depressions.The correlation between the space-weather parameters and decreases in galactic cosmic ray(GCR)intensity at the two NM stations is statistically significant.The implications of the present space-weather data on CR intensity depressions are highlighted.

关键词： methods:data analysis methods:statistical Sun:coronal mass ejections(CMEs) (Sun:)solar terrestrial relations (Sun:)solar wind (ISM:)cosmic rays

Facile carbon cloth activation strategy to boost oxygen reduction reaction performance for flexible zinc-air battery application

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Carbon Energy 2022年第5期4卷 762-775页

作者： Revanasiddappa Manjunatha Jingchao Yuan Li Hongwei Shu-Qi Deng ejikeme R.Ezeigwe Yinze Zuo Li Dong Aijun Li Wei Yan Fangzhou Zhang Jiujun Zhang Institute for Sustainable Energy College of SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina Research Center for Composite Materials Shanghai UniversityShanghaiChina Zhaoqing Leoch Battery Technology Co.Ltd. Guangdong ProvinceChina College of Materials Science and Engineering Fuzhou UniversityFuzhouChina

Flexible and all-solid-state zinc-air batteries(ZABs)are highly useful and also in demand due to their theoretical high energy densities and special applications.The limitation in their performance arises due to their catalyst-coated cathode electrodes in terms of catalytic activity and stability as well as cost.In this paper,a novel and environmentally friendly activation strategy is developed to activate the carbon cloth(CC)for the electrodes.The activated CC serves as a catalyst-free air cathode with high conductivity,excellent mechanical strength,and flexibility,in addition to low cost.The strategy is performed by simply electro-oxidizing and electroreducing CC under ultrahigh direct current(DC)voltage in a diluted NH4Cl aqueous electrolyte.It is found that the electro-oxidation not only results in the formation of a graphene-like exfoliated carbon layer on the surface of CC but also induces the incorporation of oxygen-containing groups and doping of nitrogen and chloride atoms.After the electroreduction,theπ-conjugated carbon network of CC is partially restored,leading to the recovery of electroconductivity.Such an electroactivated CC shows excellent oxygen reduction reaction activity.The aqueous flexibility and all-solid-state ZABs are assembled using such an electroactivated CC cathode without any catalyst loading.Both ZABs can achieve good durability and deliver high peak power density and an energy density as high as 690 Wh kg^(−1),demonstrating the excellent potential of this electroactivated CC in practical devices.

关键词： carbon cloth,catalyst-free electroactivation nitrogen and chlorine co-doping oxygencontaining groups ultrahigh and ultralow direct current voltage

Testing the Empirical Relationship between Forbush Decreases and Cosmic Ray Diurnal Anisotropy

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第5期22卷 129-135页

The abrupt aperiodic modulation of cosmic ray(CR)flux intensity,often referred to as Forbush decrease(FD),plays a significant role in our understanding of the Sun-Earth electrodynamics.Accurate and precise determinations of FD magnitude and timing are among the intractable problems in FD-based analysis.FD identification is complicated by CR diurnal anisotropy.CR anisotropy can increase or reduce the number and amplitude of FDs.It is therefore important to remove its contributions from CR raw data before FD identification.Recently,an attempt was made,using a combination of the Fourier transform technique and FD-location machine,to address this.Thus,two FD catalogs and amplitude diurnal variation(ADV)were calculated from filtered(FD1 and ADV)and raw(FD2)CR data.In the current work,we test the empirical relationship between FD1,FD2,ADV and solar-geophysical characteristics.Our analysis shows that two types of magnetic fields-interplanetary and geomagnetic(Dst)-govern the evolution of CR flux intensity reductions.

关键词： methods data analysis-methods statistical-catalogs-Sun coronal mass ejections (CMEs)-(Sun:) solar wind-(Sun:)solar-terrestrial relations-(ISM:)cosmic rays

Testing the effect of solar wind parameters and geomagnetic storm indices on Galactic cosmic ray flux variation with automatically-selected Forbush decreases

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第9期21卷 207-216页

Forbush decrease(FD),discovered by Scott E.Forbush about 80 years ago,is referred to as the non-repetitive short-term depression in Galactic cosmic ray(GCR)flux,presumed to be associated with large-scale perturbations in solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field(IMF).It is the most spectacular variability in the GCR intensity which appears to be the compass for investigators seeking solar-terrestrial relationships.The method of selection and validation of FD events is very important to cosmic ray(CR)scientists.We have deployed new computer software to determine the amplitude and timing of FDs from daily-averaged CR data at Oulu Neutron Monitor station.The code selected 230 FDs between 1998 and 2002.In an attempt to validate the new FD automated catalog,the relationship between the amplitude of FDs,and IMF,solar wind speed(SWS)and geomagnetic storm indices(Dst,kp,ap)is tested here.A two-dimensional regression analysis indicates significant linear relationship between large FDs(CR(%)≤-3)and solar wind data and geomagnetic storm indices in the present sample.The implications of the relationship among these parameters are discussed.

关键词： methods:data analysis methods:statistical Sun:coronal mass ejections(CMEs) (Sun:)solar-terrestrial relations (Sun:)solar wind (ISM:)cosmic rays

Special Theory of Toxicity: Toxic Properties of Electron discovered

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Special Theory of Toxicity: Toxic Properties of Electron dis...

International Conference on Chemistry and Chemical Engineering （ICCCE 2011）

作者： ejikeme Nwosu Lumos Laboratories and Company 28 Narayi Road Sabon-Tasha Kaduna South Kaduna Nigeria.

Many compounds and some elements are toxic but the actual causes of their toxicity have not been unraveled by our scientific theories. In this work, I have shown that the arrangements, position and number of electrons in an element of a given compound contribute to toxicity. I achieved this by making two assumptions, introducing three toxicity postulates and by discovering new properties of electron. This work is sine qua non in predicting the toxic properties of compounds and useful in neutralizing toxic effects. It further proposes some yet-to be synthesized toxic and non-toxic compounds and calls for some structural modifications. A phenomenon, atoxopy, was also introduced to treat some special cases of toxicity. This work focuses on the toxicity of inorganic compounds, hence the name, special theory. A generalized theory to cover both organic compounds will soon follow, but the same principle applies in both.

关键词： electron toxicity theory atoxopy atoxope.

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中尼石油贸易合作发展研究

中尼石油贸易合作发展研究

作者： Ezeanyanwu Michael ejikeme 安徽大学

学位级别：硕士

1971年2月10日(农历正月初五)是中国与尼日利亚开始建交的时间,2017年是中国与尼日利亚建交的46周年。尼日利亚的人口在非洲是最多的,其中总人口 1.73亿。可以占到非洲总人口的16.7%。尼日利亚的人口是非洲最多的,是非洲的第一大人口国... 详细信息

1971年2月10日(农历正月初五)是中国与尼日利亚开始建交的时间,2017年是中国与尼日利亚建交的46周年。尼日利亚的人口在非洲是最多的,其中总人口 1.73亿。可以占到非洲总人口的16.7%。尼日利亚的人口是非洲最多的,是非洲的第一大人口国,同时,尼日利亚是非洲的矿产能源和石油资源大国,也是是非洲第一大的石油生产国和石油出口大国。截止2014年已探明石油资源储量位居非洲第二位、世界第十位;已探明天然气储量居非洲第一、世界第八;中国也是能源进口大国,特别是对石油资源。所以中国与尼日利亚在原油资源达成了合作。并且双方也在加大对石油资源的合作与投资。本文分析主要采用了文献参考的方法,并且参考其他人员的研究报告,网络资源以及中国政府网站等相关资源进行分析。对中国与尼日利亚的石油贸易的发展进行归纳和整理,为了进一步探讨有关中国与尼日利亚石油贸易发展存在的问题,学习参考相关资料,并将这些资料进行分类整理,增加知识储备量,以寻求分析这一问题时有更明确的立足点。除此之外,还采用了定性的分析法,通过对比分析中国与尼日利亚石油贸易数据,提出对中国和尼日利亚在以后的石油贸易发展中的合理建议。论文第一章为绪论,第二章为中尼两国石油现状的分析,主要从尼日利亚的石油资源储备情况以及石油开采的情况,尼日利亚石油资源对外出口以及进口的现状,中国的石油储备情况,开采情况以及中国石油的进口以及出口情况。第三章为中尼两国的石油贸易合作的现状进行分析,一是中尼两国贸易发展合作的形式,二是对中尼两国在石油资源贸易的投资形式进行分析。第四章为中尼两国石油贸易发展中存在优势与劣势,主要从中国在石油贸易方面的优势,尼日利亚在石油贸易方面的优势,以及两国共有的基础上的优势进行分析总结,然后对中尼两国石油贸易方面的劣势进行分析整理总结。第五章是对第四章中尼两国在石油贸易合作中的优势与劣势进行相应的分析总结后提出增强中尼石油贸易活动有效性的建议;主要分为两个部分,一是尼日利亚的国内因素,要维护国家的和平稳定,二是政府之间的相互合作。本文通过对两国石油贸易现状的分析,找出目前合作发展的模式,其中遇到的问题,以及后来如何扩大双方在石油贸易之中的合作。在分析中寻找到对于中国和尼日利亚两国在能源上的互补性以及拓展其他相关的贸易合作提供合理化的建议。

关键词：中尼石油贸易发展现状存在问题发展建议