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Brain changes in diabetes mellitus patients withgastrointestinal symptoms

World Journal of Diabetes 2016年第2期7卷 14-26页

作者： Anne M Drewes eirik søfteland Georg Dimcevski Adam D Farmer Christina Brock Jens B Frøkjær Klaus Krogh Asbjørn M Drewes Department of Medicine Haukeland University Hospital5021 BergenNorway Centre for Digestive Diseases Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular ScienceWingate Institute of NeurogastroenterologyBarts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondon E1 2AJUnited Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology University Hospitals of North MidlandsStoke on TrentStraffordshire ST4 6QGUnited Kingdom Mech-sense Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Clinical InstituteAalborg University Hospital9100 AalborgDenmark Department of Radiology Aalborg University Hospital9100 AalborgDenmark Neurogastroenterology Unit Department of Hepatology and GastroenterologyAarhus University Hospital8000 AarhusDenmark

Diabetes mellitus is a common disease and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. In various studies up to 30%-70% of patients present dysfunction and complications related to the gut. To date several clinical studies have demonstrated that autonomic nervous system neuropathy and generalized neuropathy of the central nervous system(CNs) may play a major role. This systematic review provides an overview of the neurodegenerative changes that occur as a consequence of diabetes with a focus on the CNs changes and gastrointestinal(GI) dysfunction. Animal models where diabetes was induced experimentally support that the disease induces changes in CNs. Recent investigations with electroencephalography and functional brain imaging in patients with diabetes confirm these structural and functional brain changes. Encephalographic studies demonstrated that altered insular processing of sensory stimuli seems to be a key player in symptom generation. In fact one study indicated that the more GI symptoms the patients experienced, the deeper the insular electrical source was located. The electroencephalography was often used in combination with quantitative sensory testingmainly showing hyposensitivity to stimulation of GI organs. Imaging studies on patients with diabetes and GI symptoms mainly showed microstructural changes,especially in brain areas involved in visceral sensory processing. As the electrophysiological and imaging changes were associated with GI and autonomic symptoms they may represent a future therapeutic target for treating diabetics either pharmacologically or with neuromodulation.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Gastrointestinal Electroencephalogram Magnetic resonance imaging Brain

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Dose-response associations,physical activity intensity and mortality risk:A narrative review

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Journal of sport and Health science 2024年第1期13卷 24-29页

作者： Ulf Ekelund Miguel Adriano sanchez-Lastra Knut eirik Dalene Jakob Tarp Department of sport Medicine Norwegian School of Sport SciencesOslo 0806Norway Department of Chronic Diseases Norwegian Institute of Public HealthOslo 0213Norway Department of special Didactics Faculty of Education and Sports SciencesUniversity of VigoPontevedra 36005Spain Well-Move Research Group Galicia-Sur Health Research Institute(SERGAS-UVIGO)Vigo 36213Spain

Physical activity is consistently associated with reduced mortality,decreased risk for non-communicable diseases,and improved mental health in observational *** controlled trials and observational Mendelian randomization studies support causal links between physical activity and health ***,the scarcity of evidence from randomized controlled trials,along with their inherent challenges like exposure contrasts,healthy volunteer biases,loss to follow-up,and limited real-world dose-response data,warrants a comprehensive *** review advocates synthesizing insights from diverse study designs to better understand the causal relationship between physical activity,mortality risk,and other health ***,it summarizes recent research since the publication of current physical activity *** observational studies utilizing device-measured physical activity underscore the importance of every minute of activity and suggest that all intensity levels confer health benefits,with vigorous-intensity potentially requiring lower volumes for substantial *** guidelines,informed by device-measured physical activity studies,may offer refined age-specific recommendations,emphasize vigorous-intensity physical activity,and include daily step counts as a simple,easily assessable metric using commercial wearables.

关键词： Accelerometers Non-communicable diseases Public health sedentary behavior

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Leisure-time physical activity and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease in adults with type 2 diabetes:Cross-country comparison of cohort studies

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Journal of sport and Health science 2024年第2期13卷 212-221页

作者： Jakob Tarp Mengyun Luo Miguel Adriano sanchez-Lastra Knut eirik Dalene Borja del Pozo Cruz Mathias Ried-Larsen Reimar Wernich Thomsen Ulf Ekelund Ding Ding Department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus University&Aarhus University HospitalAarhus 8200Denmark Prevention Research Collaboration Sydney School of Public HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia Charles Perkins Centre the University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2050Australia Department of sports Medicine Norwegian School of Sports SciencesOslo 0806Norway Department of special Didactics Faculty of Education and Sports SciencesUniversity of VigoPontevedra 36005Spain Well-Move Research Group Galicia Sur Health Research Institute(IIS Galicia Sur)SERGAS-UVIGOVigo 36213Spain Department of Chronic Diseases Norwegian Institute of Public HealthOslo 0473Norway Centre for Active and Healthy Ageing Department of Sports Science and Clinical BiomechanicsUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdense 5230Denmark Faculty of Education University of CadizCadiz 11519Spain Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz(INiBICA)Research Unit Puerta del Mar University HospitalUniversity of CadizCadiz 11009Spain The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism&the Centre for Physical Activity Research RigshospitaletUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen 2100Denmark Department of sports science and Clinical Biomechanics University of Southern DenmarkOdense 5230Denmark

Purpose:This study aimed to quantify the dose-response association and the minimal effective dose of leisure-time physical activity(PA)to prevent mortality and cardiovascular disease in adults with type 2 ***:Cross-country comparison of 2 prospective cohort studies including 14,913 and 17,457 population-based adults with type 2 diabetes from the UK and *** leisure-time PA was self-reported and categorized by metabolic equivalent hours per week(MET-h/week)according to World Health Organization recommendations:none,below recommendation(>0-7.49 MET-h/week);at recommended level(7.5-14.9 MET-h/week);above recommendation(>15 MET-h/week).Mortality and cardiovascular disease data were obtained from national ***:During a median follow-up of 12.4 and 9.7 years,in the UK and China cohorts,repectively,higher levels of leisure-time PA were inversely associated with all-cause(1571 and 2351 events)and cardiovascular mortality(392 and 1060 events),mostly consistent with a linear dose-response *** below,at,and above recommendations,compared with no activity,yielded all-cause mortality hazard ratios of0.94(95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.79-1.12),0.90(95%CI:0.74-1.10),and 0.85(95%CI:0.70-1.02)in British adults and 0.87(95%CI:0.68-1.10),0.88(95%CI:0.74-1.03),and 0.77(95%CI:0.70-0.85)in Chinese *** with cardiovascular mortality were more pronounced in British adults(0.80(95%CI:0.58-1.11),0.75(95%CI:0.52-1.09),and 0.69(95%CI:0.48-0.97))but less pronounced in Chinese adults(1.06(95%CI:0.76-1.47),1.01(95%CI:0.80-1.28),and 0.79(95%CI:0.69-0.92)).PA at recommended levels was not associated with lower rates of major adverse cardiovascular events(2345 and 4458 events).Conclusion:Leisure-time PA at the recommended levels was not convincingly associated with lower mortality and had no association with risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in British or Chinese adults with type 2 ***-time PA above current recom

关键词： Complications Epidemiology Exercise Prevention

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Comparison of three types of warm-up upon sprint ability in experienced soccer players

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Journal of sport and Health science 2019年第6期8卷 574-578页

作者： Roland van den Tillaar eirik Lerberg Erna von Heimburg Department of Teacher Education Nord Tr?ndelag University College

Purpose:The study aimed to compare the effects of a long general warm-up,a long specific warm-up,and a short specific warm-up upon sprint ability in soccer ***:Twelve male soccer players(age:18.3±0.8 years,mean±sD;body mass:76.4±7.2 kg;body height:1.79±0.05 m) conducted 3 types of warm-ups with 1 week in between:a long general warm-up,a long specific warm-up,and a short specific warm-up followed by 3 sprints of 40 m *** best,average,and total sprinting times together with heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion were ***:The sprint times(best,average,and total time) were significantly better when performing a long specific or short specific warm-up compared with the long general warm-up(all p s significantly lower during the specific short warm-up(4.92 ± 0.90) compared with the longer ones(6.00 ± 0.74 and 6.25 ± 0.87,respectively).Conclusion:specificity is more important in a warm-up routine before sprint performance than the duration of the warm-up.

关键词： Duration Performance Received perception exertion Running specificity Total sprinting times

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挪威海底公路隧道经验——施工、运行、费用和维护(英文)

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岩石力学与工程学报 2007年第11期26卷 2226-2235页

作者： HENNING Jan eirik MELBY Karl фVsTEDAL Erik AMUNDsEN Finn H RANEs Guro 挪威公路管理局

根据2002年关于挪威海底公路隧道的一论文集(挪威公路管理局公路技术部编辑,题目为"论文集98——挪威海底公路隧道",将详细阐述挪威海底隧道的施工建造等经验。挪威第一条海底公路隧道是在1983年通车的,随后建成了另外24条海底公路隧道... 详细信息

根据2002年关于挪威海底公路隧道的一论文集(挪威公路管理局公路技术部编辑,题目为"论文集98——挪威海底公路隧道",将详细阐述挪威海底隧道的施工建造等经验。挪威第一条海底公路隧道是在1983年通车的,随后建成了另外24条海底公路隧道,至今共有25条海底公路隧道建成通车,总长度达100km。几条新的海底公路隧道目前正在建设中,还有几条则在规划当中,其中最长将达24km。大多数条海底公路隧道是单洞双线,但是当坡度大于6%时,有些隧道就增加一条线。海底公路隧道都位于沿海岸线的干线公路上,以代替原有的繁忙的轮渡,并建立大陆与当地之间的无轮渡连接。据此,主要介绍这些隧道工程中得到的经验,总的来说,海底公路隧道的建设费用逐渐降低,但是各工程间差异很大,各个隧道的运行和维护的费用也相差悬殊,再投资和设备花费也特别高。经验表明,随着渗水量逐年减少,因而抽出渗透水的要求也降低了。介绍了1996年前17条海底隧道中发生的事故和火灾,对19起造成人身伤害的事故进行了分析。其事故发生率极低,只有0.09(每年每一百万车辆每公里发生的事故次数),最高的事发率是在陡坡的年平均日通车量(AADT)低于1500的隧道中。挪威海底隧道中只发生过3起火灾事故,低于交通事故率10%,而这项研究只包括了17条隧道中发生的19起事故。

关键词：海底隧道施工运行维护费用

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Novel method of screw extrusion for fabricating Al/Mg(macro-) composites from aluminum alloy 6063 and magnesium granules

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals society of China 2014年第12期24卷 3886-3893页

作者： Kristian Gr tta sKORPEN eirik MAUL Oddvin REIsO Hans J rgen ROVEN Department of Materials science and Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology R&D Materials Technology Hydro Aluminium AS Center for Advanced Materials Qatar University

A novel method of screw extrusion was used for producing a bimetal composite Al/Mg from granules containing aluminium alloy 6063 （AA6063） and commercial pure magnesium. Up to 12.5%（mass fraction） pure magnesium was added to the aluminium alloy. In general, the material consisted of a fine grained microstructure. In addition to the phases originating from the input materials, intermetallic phases were observed as islands consisting of the Al2Mg3 phase surrounded byγ-Mg17Al12, throughout the microstructure. The mechanical properties of the extruded material showed a gradual increase in strength with increasing the addition of Mg. The highest registered UTs, well above 350 MPa, was observed for the material containing 10%Mg. Examinations of the fracture surfaces indicated that increasing the magnesium content led to a higher degree of brittle fracture and a gradual change of the fracture micro-mechanisms. The optimization of the post-extrusion processing conditions is still ongoing.

关键词： Al/Mg composites extrusion microstructure mechanical properties

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Minamata Convention on Mercury:Chinese progress and perspectives

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National science Review 2017年第5期4卷 677-679页

作者： Yan Lin shuxiao Wang eirik Hovland steindal Hua Zhang Huan Zhong Yindong Tong Zuguang Wang Hans Fredrik Veiteberg Braaten Qingru Wu Thorj?rn Larssen Norwegian Institute for Water Research state Key Joint Laboratory of Environment simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Norwegian Environment Agency state Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of Sciences state Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing University school of Environmental science and Engineering Tianjin University school of Environment & Natural Resources Renmin University of China

Mercury(Hg)is a global threat to human and environmental health[1].To address this global issue,the Minamata Convention on Mercury(MC)was agreed upon by 128 countries on 19January *** officially ratified the MC in Aug... 详细信息

关键词： Hg Minamata Convention on Mercury:Chinese progress and perspectives

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nsect poisons in museums

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科学教育与博物馆 2015年第5期1卷 353-356页

作者： eirik Granqvist International Committee for Museums and Collections of Natural History E-mail: jinsong.guan@***

since natural history museums existed, there have been problems concerning how to protect the collections from damages caused by insects. In 1740s＇, French Chemist Becoeur started to use arsenic-soap to protect his taxidermy specimens against insects. But in the years of 1770s＇, it was discovered the terrible strong arsenic poison which was dangerous to human beings. Finally taxidermy specimens leave the use of ar- senic and borax to history and use Eulan in their place.

关键词： Insect poisons, Arsenic-soap, Eulan

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Tuning gelatin-based hydrogel towards bioadhesive ocular tissue engineering applications

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Bioactive Materials 2021年第11期6卷 3947-3961页

作者： sina sharifi Mohammad Mirazul Islam Hannah sharifi Rakibul Islam Darrell Koza Felisa Reyes-Ortega David Alba-Molina Per H.Nilsson Claes H.Dohlman Tom eirik Mollnes James Chodosh Miguel Gonzalez-Andrades Massachusetts Eye and Ear and schepens Eye Research Institute Department of OphthalmologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Department of Immunology Oslo University HospitalRikshospitaletUniversity of OsloOsloNorway Department of Physical sciences Eastern Connecticut State UniversityWillimanticCTUSA Linnaeus Center for Biomaterials Chemistry Linnaeus UniversityKalmarSweden Research Laboratory Nordland HospitalBodøNorway Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba(IMIBIC) Department of OphthalmologyReina Sofia University Hospital and University of CordobaCordobaSpain Faculty of Health sciences K.G.Jebsen TRECUniversity of TromsøNorway

Gelatin based adhesives have been used in the last decades in different biomedical applications due to the excellent biocompatibility,easy processability,transparency,non-toxicity,and reasonable mechanical properties to mimic the extracellular matrix(ECM).Gelatin adhesives can be easily tuned to gain different viscoelastic and mechanical properties that facilitate its ocular *** herein grafted glycidyl methacrylate on the gelatin backbone with a simple chemical modification of the precursor,utilizing epoxide ring-opening reactions and visible *** chemical modification allows the obtaining of an elastic protein-based hydrogel(GELGYM)with excellent biomimetic properties,approaching those of the native *** can be modulated to be stretched up to 4 times its initial length and withstand high tensile stresses up to 1.95 MPa with compressive strains as high as 80%compared to Gelatin-methacryloyl(GeIMA),the most studied derivative of gelatin used as a *** is also highly biocompatible and supports cellular adhesion,proliferation,and migration in both 2 and 3-dimensional *** characteristics along with its super adhesion to biological tissues such as cornea,aorta,heart,muscle,kidney,liver,and spleen suggest widespread applications of this hydrogel in many biomedical areas such as transplantation,tissue adhesive,wound dressing,bioprinting,and drug and cell delivery.

关键词： Natural-based hydrogel Gelatin Biocompatible Biomimetic Bioadhesive Cornea

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采用过滤探头结合具有细胞结构特点的过程模型进行青霉素发酵计算机控制

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国外医药(抗生素分册) 1985年第1期 14-21页

作者： eirik Nestaas ,潘娟娟

引言通常已观察到分批或补料发酵时丝状微生物合成和分泌抗生素能力的动力学变化,为了考虑这种动力学情况,对于这种过程通常将某些"结构"结合到数学模型中去.通过细胞"年龄"概念,比如象"成熟"时间(产物合成考虑细胞"诞生"的时间而推迟... 详细信息

引言通常已观察到分批或补料发酵时丝状微生物合成和分泌抗生素能力的动力学变化,为了考虑这种动力学情况,对于这种过程通常将某些"结构"结合到数学模型中去.通过细胞"年龄"概念,比如象"成熟"时间(产物合成考虑细胞"诞生"的时间而推迟某给定的时间间隔,典型的如15～20小时)或"平均累加年龄"(指由细胞总数分裂得到的培养中的全部细胞的累加年龄).Megee及其同事们

关键词：青霉素发酵生长曲线生长速率方程式方程常数数学计算机控制电脑控制

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