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Beneficial roles of nutrients as immunostimulants in aquaculture:A review

Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第5期9卷 707-720页

作者： Seerengaraj Vijayaram einar Ringø Antonio Zuorro Hien van Doan Yunzhang Sun Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation Fisheries CollegeJimei UniversityXiamen361021China Norwegian College of Fishery Science Faculty of BioscienceFisheries and EconomicsUiT the Arctic University of NorwayTromsø9037Norway Department of Chemical Engineering Materials and EnvironmentSapienza UniversityVia Eudossiana 18Rome00184Italy Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences Faculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai50200Thailand

Protein deficiency is a major difficulty for human needs in the past few decades,while different types of aquatic species are rich in high quality ***,aquaculture is considered as the main developing food production sector *** infections are the main problem for aquaculture,and their outbreaks have a great impact on productivity,and previously indiscriminate use of antibiotics to control ***,the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens might lead to sudden infectious disease outbreaks resulting in serious economic *** application is an effective technique to protect and enhance the immune system of aquatic animals and therefore improve aquaculture *** immunostimulants such as essential fatty acids,amino acids,vitamins,and minerals are the most important responsibility to improve aquaculture production,as well as the cost of this method,which is effective,non-toxic,and environment *** nutrient immunostimulants are supportive to increase the immune system,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and infection resistance of aquatic *** addition,nutritional feed additives improved feed palatability and the excellence of aquatic products and also enhance gut *** information is available on nutrient immunostimulants in aquaculture applications,and this review provides information on different kinds of nutritional administration used in aquaculture to enhance positive impacts on aquatic animals’health as well as feed quality *** review will provide theoretical references for the application of nutrient immunostimulants in aquatic feeds.

关键词： Immunostimulants Amino acids Vitamins Minerals Nucleotides Aquaculture

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NANOPARTICLE DESIGN AND HANDLING-CHALLENGES FOR ENGINEERS AND PARTICLE TECHNOLOGISTS

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China Particuology 2005年第1期3卷 99-104页

作者： F. einar Kruis Rakesh K. Joshi Faculty of Engineering Sciences University of Duisburg-Essen Campus Duisburg Bismarckstraβe 81 47057 Duisburg Germany

In this paper, the opportunities and challenges which future applications based on nanoparticles offer to engineers are described. New high-added value products induce us to rethink ways to control nanoparticle design and handling. Several challenges are described and typical solutions are given: (1) finding relevant engineering tasks outside traditional process industry; (2) the importance of mixing reactants; (3) obtaining monodisperse particles; (4) gaining efficient control via electric forces and (5) developing multi-step processes which allow more control over particle properties.

关键词： nanoparticle challenges mixing electric forces multi-step gas sensing

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Pandora’s Box in the Internet Era

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China Today 2018年第3期67卷 10-11页

作者： einar TANGEN 不详

THE Internet was originally con- ceived as an open, global infor- mation highway connecting anew kind of global community without borders, a place where free exchange of ideas could not be regulated. Unregulated information and communication would spread knowledge, understanding, and enlightenment, which would usher in a new age for humankind. Unfortunately, like all advancements, it has been more of a Pandora's Box than a solution in a box.

关键词： China Unveils Action Plan for Improving Rural Living Environment

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My China Reflections

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China News Release 2024年第9期 36-38页

作者： einar Tangen the Beijing-based think tank Taihe Institute the Center for China and the World at the Cit Universit of Macao the Center for International Business Ethics at the Universit of International Business and Economics China Cities Bluebook Consulting Asia Narratives

Here is a narrative of impressions of China from 2001 to today, especially in Beijing where I have lived for 19 years. Some people may think this is a limited view, and I agree with that. I have visited many provinces, but China is too vast and diverse to fully describe in a short essay.I have been coming to work and live in China since 2001, but describing China is still difficult, as words are not enough. Like most places with a different context,in terms of governance, language and culture, it needs to be experienced to be even partially understood.

关键词： enough today think

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Abundance of insects and aerial insectivorous birds in relation to pesticide and fertilizer use

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Avian Research 2021年第3期12卷 412-420页

作者： Anders Pape Møller Dorota Czeszczewik einar Flensted-Jensen Johannes Erritzøe Indrikis Krams Karsten Laursen Wei Liang Wiesław Walankiewicz Ecologie Systématique Evolution UniversitéParis-SudCNRSAgroParisTechUniversitéParis-Saclay91405 Orsay CedexFrance Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences Institute of Biological SciencesSiedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanitiesul.B.Prusa 1408-110 SiedlcePoland Cypresvej 1 9700 BrønderslevDenmark House of Bird Research Taps6070 ChristiansfeldDenmark Department of Biotechnology Daugavpils UniversityDaugavpils 5401Latvia Department of Bioscience Aarhus UniversityGrenåvej 148410 RøndeDenmark Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan ProvinceCollege of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou 571158China

Background:The abundance of insects has decreased considerably during recent decades,resulting in current abundance showing 70-80%reductions in more than 15 studies across temperate climate *** reduc-tions in the abundance of insects are likely to have consequences for other taxa at higher trophic levels such as preda-tors and ***,fertilizers and agricultural land use are likely candidates accounting for such reductions in the abundance of ***:Here we surveyed the abundance of flying insects,and the reduction in the abundance of insects as a consequence of intensive reduction in agricultural practice linked to fertilizer use and pesticide *** we dem-onstrated consistency in abundance of birds among study ***:We demonstrated that the use of fertilizers and pesticides had reduced the abundance of insects,with consequences for the abundance of insectivorous bird species such as Barn Swallows(Hirundo rustica),House Martins(Delichon urbicum)and Swifts(Apus apus).Juvenile Barn Swallows were negatively affected by the reduced abundance of insects and hence the reproductive success of insectivorous bird *** effects imply that the abundance of insects could be reduced by the availability of insect ***:These effects of intensive agriculture on insect food abundance are likely to have negative impacts on populations of insects and their avian *** hypothesis was validated by a reduction in the abundance of insects,linked to an increase in the abundance of fertilizers and a general change in farming practice.

关键词： Aerial insectivores Fecundity of insects Insect abundance Insectivores,Insects

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Hepatic encephalopathy in patients with liver cirrhosis:Is there a role of malnutrition?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第21期14卷 3438-3439页

作者： Evangelos Kalaitzakis einar Bjrnsson Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineSahlgrenska University HospitalGothenburg 41345Sweden

Hepatic encephalopathy(HE) is a common complica-tion in patients with liver cirrhosis but its pathogenesis remains incompletely *** is com-monly encountered in patients with liver cirrhosis and it has been reported to affect the quality of life of this group of *** studies suggest that low energy intake and poor nutritional status may facil-itate the development of HE but there are scarce data on the potential role of malnutrition in HE in patients with liver *** recently published studies have evaluated the potential role of malnutrition in the development of HE in cirrhotic patients with conflicting *** this letter to the editor we briefly present the results of the two studies as well as potential rea-sons for the conflicting results reported.

关键词： Hepatic encephalopathy Liver cirrhosis Malnutrition

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Local synthesis of carbon nanotubes for direct integration in Si microsystems——design considerations

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Advances in Manufacturing 2013年第3期1卷 218-225页

作者： Knut E.Aasmundtveit Bao Quoc Ta Quoc-Huy Nguyen Tormod B.Haugen Nils Hoivik einar Halvorsen IMST-Department of Micro and Nano System Technology HiVe-Vesffold University College

The integration of nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes （CNTs） into microsystems is highly desirable, in order to make use of the unique nanomaterial properties in real devices. However, the CNTtomicrosystem integration is challenging to implement in a manufacturable, cost effective industrial process. This paper presents our work towards a process for making complete, integrated CMOS / MEMS systems with integrated CNT. We demonstrate the feasibility of the process, using roomtemperature process ing, lowcost equipment and consumables, and electrical control with automation possibilities. CNTs are directly integrated at the desired positions in the Si microsystem, forming closed Si / CNT / Si circuits. We explore different designs with the aim to obtain uniform and welldefined CNT synthesis conditions, and show that simplified designs can perform comparably to more complex ones. The Si / CNT / Si circuits obtained can show rectifying （Schottky like） or nearohmic behavior. Gas sensing possibilities are demonstrated, indicating the possibility of monitoring aging/ fermenting of food. Functionalization of CNTs is demon strated, using thermal evaporation of Sn and Pd, opening for selective and sensitive sensors for various gases and ana lytes. Detailed microscopic characterization of the obtained CNTs are presented.

关键词： Micro/nano system integration Carbonnanotubes (CNTs) Nanoscale assembly - Gassensors

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Esophageal Strictures during Treatment with a Proton Pump Inhibitor

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2015年第1期5卷 1-6页

作者： einar Arnbjornsson Torbjorn Backman Department of Pediatric Surgery Skane University HospitalLundSweden The Institution of Clinical Research Lund UniversityLundSweden

Background: The development of esophageal stricture during treatment with high dose chemotherapeutic agents is well known and documented in the literature. With the introduction of proton pumps inhibitors (PPI), the gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) induced stricture has shown significant improvement. The aim of this report is to remind of the fact that the chemotherapy induced strictures show poor response and their treatment is still a challenge. Case presentation: Here, we reported a boy with Down syndrome and congenital heart disease who developed acute lymphoblastic leukemia and subsequent esophageal stricture during treatment with a PPI. Conclusion: It is important to be aware of this potential complication of gastroesophageal reflux or antineoplastic treatment, even in cases thought to be adequately treated with a proton pump inhibitor, and that the start of PPI’s is also the start of an evaluation of the use of this medication.

关键词： Gastroesophageal Reflux(GER) Omeprazole Esophagitis Esophageal Stricture Proton Pump Inhibitor(PPI) An Antineoplastic Treatment

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When It Strikes,Are We Ready?Lessons Identified at the 7th Planetary Defense Conference in Preparing for a Near-Earth Object Impact Scenario

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第1期13卷 151-159页

作者： Shirish Ravan Tom De Groeve Lara Mani einar Bjorgo Richard Moissl Jose Miguel Roncero Katherine Rowan David Schuld Leviticus A.Lewis Romana Kofler United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs(UNOOSA) United Nations1220 ViennaAustria European Commission Joint Research Centre 21027 IspraItaly Centre for the Study of Existential Risk University of CambridgeCambridge CB21SBUK Division for Satellite Analysis United Nations Institute for Training and Research(UNITAR)1202 GenevaSwitzerland European Space Agency/European Space Research and Technology Centre(ESA/ESTEC) 2201 AZ NoordwijkThe Netherlands Security and Situational Awareness Unit European Commission's Directorate-General for European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations1049 BrusselsBelgium Department of Communication George Mason UniversityFairfaxVA 22030USA Hagerty Consulting EvanstonIL 60201USA Response Operations Division Federal Emergency Management AgencyWashingtonDC 20024USA

Near-Earth object(NEO)impact is one of the examples of high impact and low probability(HILP)event,same as the Covid-19 pandemic the world faces since the beginning of *** 7 th Planetary Defense Conference held by the International Academy of Astronautics(IAA)in April 2021 included an exercise on a hypothetical NEO impact event,allowing the planetary defense community to discuss potential *** the span of the 4-day conference this exercise connected disaster response and management professionals to participate in a series of panels,providing feedback and perspective on the unfolding crisis *** hypothetical but realistic asteroid threat scenario illustrated how such a short-warning threat might *** scenario utilized during the conference indicates a need to prepare now for what might come in the future,because even with advance notice,preparation time might be *** scenario chose Europe for the impact,which may likely cope with such a disaster,through the Union Civil Protection Mechanism(UCPM)and other solidarity and support mechanisms within the European Union(EU),as well as with potential support from international *** short article raises concern about other areas in the world on how they may access NEO impact information and cope with such *** also provides an idea on vast scale of such disaster vis-a-vis the current capacity of response systems to cope with a larger event in Europe or *** scenario showed that planetary defense is a global *** engagement of the planetary defense and disaster response communities is essential in order to keep the world safe from potential disasters caused by NEO impacts.

关键词： Asteroid threats Disaster risk reduction Planetary defense Risk management and prevention

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Endosymbiotic pathogen-inhibitory gut bacteria in three Indian Major Carps under polyculture system: A step toward making a probiotics consortium

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2021年第2期6卷 192-204页

作者： Koushik Ghosh Anjan Mukherjee Dipanjan Dutta Sudeshna Banerjee Eva Marie Breines Ellinor Hareide einar Ringø Aquaculture Laboratory Department of ZoologyThe University of BurdwanBurdwan713104India Department of Arctic and Marine Biology Faculty of BioscienceFisheries and EconomicsUiTThe Arctic University of NorwayBreivika9037Norway Norwegian College of Fishery Science Faculty of BiosciencesFisheries and EconomicsUiTThe Arctic University of NorwayTromsø9037Norway

The gastrointestinal(GI)microbiome in fish plays significant roles in health and disease *** investigation was accomplished to enumerate,characterize and identify the potential probiotic bacteria from three Indian Major Carps(IMCs),viz.,rohu(Labeo rohita),catla(Catla catla)and mrigal(Cirrhinus mrigala)using culture dependent ***,105 pathogen-inhibitory bacteria(out of 1216 isolates)were detected from three IMCs by double layer assay.16S rRNA partial gene sequence analyses and BLAST search in the NCBI GenBank unveiled that 94.29%of the pathogen inhibitory bacteria were bacilli(99 strains)and Bacillus licheniformis by far the most common(28%).The primarily selected 27 pathogen-inhibitory strains(cumulative inhibition score≥13)produced extracellular enzymes,while 15 of them produced all the six exo-enzymes studied(amylase,protease,lipase,cellulase,phytase and xylanase).Gut stability of the strains became apparent by their ability to grow in fish mucus and tolerance to diluted ***,14 strains were noticed asγ-hemolytic and susceptible to the commonly used ***,intra-peritoneal injection withγ-hemolytic strains did not induce any pathological signs or mortalities in fish,and thus were considered as *** 14γ-hemolytic isolates were represented by the genus Bacillus(13)and Stenotrophomonas(1),which might form probiotic consortia for prospective use in carp culture.

关键词： Carp Bacillus Stenotrophomonas Antagonism Exoenzymes 16S rRNA

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