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Behavioral snake mimicry in breeding tits

Current Zoology 2021年第1期67卷 27-33页

作者： Anders Pape MФLLER einar flensted-jensen Wei LIANG Laboratoire d'Ecologie Systématique et EvolutionCNRS UMR 8079Université-Paris-SudSaclayBâtiment 362F-91405Orsay CedexFrance Cypresvej 1 BranderslevDK-9700Denmark Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands College of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou571158China

Many animals mimic the behavior or the appearance of venomous *** humans or other potential predators place their hand near the nest of tits belonging to the family Paridae(and a few other species),the incubating female performs a hissing display that mimics the inhalation hiss of a viper or another *** hiss vigorously while lunging their head forward and shaking their wings and tail,repeating this behavior several *** structure of the hiss in tits is similar to that of the inhalation hiss of a snake,providing evidence of significant convergence of the mimic toward the *** behavior of individual females is repeatable among tri *** that flew away from their nest box only performed the hissing display on 6%of later trials,when present at their box,whereas individuals that did not fly away hissed on 28% of occasions,consistent with great tits Parus major either cautiously flying away or staying put on their nest while actively defending *** that flew away produced fewer chicks than individuals that stayed and *** hissing display was more common when snakes were more abundant:1)When breeding late during the season;2)when breeding at sites with more snakes;and 3)when breeding in subtropical and tropical China with a higher abundance of snakes than in Denmark with a lower *** frequency of nest predation was higher in sites with no snakes,and the frequency of predation increased with decreasing frequency of hissing *** findings are consistent with expectations for frequency-dependent selection acting on snake mimicry.

关键词： Batesian mimicry frequency-dependent selection hissing display personaliy tits

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Abundance of insects and aerial insectivorous birds in relation to pesticide and fertilizer use

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Avian Research 2021年第3期12卷 412-420页

作者： Anders Pape Møller Dorota Czeszczewik einar flensted-jensen Johannes Erritzøe Indrikis Krams Karsten Laursen Wei Liang Wiesław Walankiewicz Ecologie Systématique Evolution UniversitéParis-SudCNRSAgroParisTechUniversitéParis-Saclay91405 Orsay CedexFrance Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences Institute of Biological SciencesSiedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanitiesul.B.Prusa 1408-110 SiedlcePoland Cypresvej 1 9700 BrønderslevDenmark House of Bird Research Taps6070 ChristiansfeldDenmark Department of Biotechnology Daugavpils UniversityDaugavpils 5401Latvia Department of Bioscience Aarhus UniversityGrenåvej 148410 RøndeDenmark Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan ProvinceCollege of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou 571158China

Background:The abundance of insects has decreased considerably during recent decades,resulting in current abundance showing 70-80%reductions in more than 15 studies across temperate climate *** reduc-tions in the abundance of insects are likely to have consequences for other taxa at higher trophic levels such as preda-tors and ***,fertilizers and agricultural land use are likely candidates accounting for such reductions in the abundance of ***:Here we surveyed the abundance of flying insects,and the reduction in the abundance of insects as a consequence of intensive reduction in agricultural practice linked to fertilizer use and pesticide *** we dem-onstrated consistency in abundance of birds among study ***:We demonstrated that the use of fertilizers and pesticides had reduced the abundance of insects,with consequences for the abundance of insectivorous bird species such as Barn Swallows(Hirundo rustica),House Martins(Delichon urbicum)and Swifts(Apus apus).Juvenile Barn Swallows were negatively affected by the reduced abundance of insects and hence the reproductive success of insectivorous bird *** effects imply that the abundance of insects could be reduced by the availability of insect ***:These effects of intensive agriculture on insect food abundance are likely to have negative impacts on populations of insects and their avian *** hypothesis was validated by a reduction in the abundance of insects,linked to an increase in the abundance of fertilizers and a general change in farming practice.

关键词： Aerial insectivores Fecundity of insects Insect abundance Insectivores,Insects

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奥兰德芝士生产博物馆

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世界建筑导报 2011年第3期26卷 24-25页

作者： Jan Olav jensen Brre Skodvin AnneLise Bjerkan Torunn Golberg einar Malmquist jensen Skodvin

业主是一个小型社区的主管,该社区坐落在挪威西部风景如画的艾于兰山谷。山羊奶酪博物馆由一个山羊农场和一个专营当地特色食品的小餐馆组成。山羊奶酪博物馆的玻璃墙立面用对角交叉的山羊坡道加强,宽约45cm,作为玻璃前面的栅格。山羊... 详细信息

业主是一个小型社区的主管,该社区坐落在挪威西部风景如画的艾于兰山谷。山羊奶酪博物馆由一个山羊农场和一个专营当地特色食品的小餐馆组成。山羊奶酪博物馆的玻璃墙立面用对角交叉的山羊坡道加强,宽约45cm,作为玻璃前面的栅格。山羊通过斜坡爬上种满青草的屋顶,或者在两餐进食之间在栅格上悠闲放松。

关键词：博物馆生产特色食品玻璃墙山羊社区奶酪栅格

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