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Guidance, navigation, and control of Hayabusa2 touchdown operations

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Astrodynamics 2020年第4期4卷 393-409页

作者： Fuyuto Terui Naoko ogawa Go Ono Seiji Yasuda Tetsuya Masuda Kota Matsushima Takanao Saiki Yuichi Tsuda Institute of Space and A stronautical Science Japan A erospace Exploration AgencyKanagawa 252-5210Japan The 3nd Space Technology Department Space System DirisionNEC CorporationTokyo 183-8501Japan

Hayabusa2 is a Japanese sample return mission from the asteroid *** Hayabusa2 spacecraft was launched on 3 December 2014 and arrived at Ryugu on 27 June *** stayed there until December 2019 for in situ observation and soil sample collection,and will return to the Earth in November or December *** the stay,the spacecraft performed the first touchdown operation on 22 February 2019 and the second touchdown on 11 July 2019,which were both completed *** the surface of Ryugu is rough and covered with boulders,it was not easy to find target areas for *** were several technical challenges to overcome,including demanding guidance,navigation,and control accuracy,to realize the touchdown *** this paper,strategies and technical details of the guidance,navigation,and control systems are *** flight results prove that the performance of the systems was satisfactory and largely contributed to the success of the operation.

关键词： small body exploration touchdown astrodynamics guidance navigation control

The Poor Agricultural System in Africa, Who Is to Blame?

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Agricultural Sciences 2021年第12期12卷 1375-1403页

作者： eileen Bogweh Nchanji Yvonne Kiki Nchanji Ivan Adolwa International Center for Tropical Agriculture Nairobi Kenya University of Eastern Finland Joensuu Finland African Plant Nutrition Institute Nairobi Kenya

Although agriculture is the backbone of the African economy, it has faced considerable challenges in the past sixty years. Africa has moved from being a self-sufficiency continent before the 1960s, to net food importers, with a handful of countries facing severe food shortages from drought, desertification, climate change and wars. In this article, we use the case of Northern Ghana to explore some of the salient dynamics that have resulted in the current crisis in the African agricultural sector over time. Using historical and contemporary evidence gathered from Northern Ghana during several field trips from 2013 to 2015, we argue that practices adopted as a result of colonial influence in combination with socio-economic and biophysical factors and ineffective economic policies have contributed immensely to the poor state of agriculture in Africa. Note should be taken that most of these economic policies have origins from the Structural Adjustment Policies and the Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers. We conclude that our agricultural systems can be improved if policies are inclusive, equitable and sustainable and also if there are synergies between international or government organisations implementing agricultural projects over time and space.

关键词： Agricultural Policies Green Revolution Agricultural Transformation Vegetable Farming Northern Ghana

Efficacy of direct-acting antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis C: A single hospital experience

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World Journal of Hepatology 2018年第1期10卷 88-94页

作者： Rena Kaneko Natsuko Nakazaki Risa Omori Yuichiro Yano Masazumi ogawa Yuzuru Sato Department of Gastroenterology Japan Organization of Occupational Health and Safety Kanto Rosai Hospital

AIM To evaluate the efficacy of direct-acting antivirals(DAAs) in Kanto Rosai Hospital. METHODS All patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV) who underwent DAA prescription were enrolled in this study. The present study was a single center retrospective analysis using patients infected with HCV genotype 1 or 2. Resistance analysis was performed by using direct sequencing and cycleave PCR in genotype 1 patients treated with interferon(IFN)-free DAA. The primary endpoint was sustained virologic response at 12 wk after therapy(SVR12).RESULTS A total of 117 patients participated in the study, including 135 with genotype 1 and 42 with genotype 2. Of the 135 patients with genotype 1, 16 received protease inhibitor + IFN + ribavirin and all achieved SVR. Of the 119 patients who received IFN-free DAA(in different combinations), 102 achieved SVR and 9 failed(7/9 were on daclatasvir/asunaprevir and 2/9 on ledipasvir/sofosbuvir). Efficacy analysis was done only for 43 patients who received daclatasvir/asunaprevir. From this analysis, Y93 resistance-associated substitutions were significantly correlated with *** The SVR rate was 98% for genotype 1 and 100% for genotype 2. However, caution is needed for HCV NS5 A resistance-associated substitutions that are selected by HCV NS5 A inhibitors because cerebrovascular adverse events are induced by some DAA drugs.

关键词： Resistance-associated substitutions Directacting antivirals Sustained viral response Hepatitis C

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CASE对软件开发的影响

计算机科学 1992年第3期19卷 57-60页

作者： eileen Souza 王利魏雅卿

计算机辅助软件工程(CASE)改变着信息系统人员开发系统的方法。本文阐述了传统的系统开发方法是如何随着自动化而变化的,描述一个新的六阶段软件开发方法学—CASE 生命周期—用以发挥 CASE 技术的最高效益,并且讨论怎样向这种新的方法... 详细信息

计算机辅助软件工程(CASE)改变着信息系统人员开发系统的方法。本文阐述了传统的系统开发方法是如何随着自动化而变化的,描述一个新的六阶段软件开发方法学—CASE 生命周期—用以发挥 CASE 技术的最高效益,并且讨论怎样向这种新的方法学转化。一、软件开发的演变七十年代初,人们认识到不规范的系统开发导致了软件质量低下,系统难以维护。各种结构化工具和技术发展起来,试图解决这个问题。后来,这些技术发展成为各种结构化开发方法学。多数开发机构认定一种结构化方法,开发模式基于瀑布模型。严格管理设计系统时所进行的各项活动,以达到生命周期目标和开发进度。此后。

关键词：软件开发 CASE 系统开发方法开发方法学瀑布模型结构化方法软件质量开发生命周期开发系统信息系统

Advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging in patients with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第9期15卷 1590-1600页

作者： Koji Kamagata Christina Andica Taku Hatano Takashi ogawa Haruka Takeshige-Amano Kotaro Ogaki Toshiaki Akashi Akifumi Hagiwara Shohei Fujita Shigeki Aoki Department of Radiology Juntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan Department of Neurology Juntendo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan

The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing as human longevity increases. The objective biomarkers that enable the staging and early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases are eagerly anticipated. It has recently become possible to determine pathological changes in the brain without autopsy with the advancement of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging techniques. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging is a robust tool used to evaluate brain microstructural complexity and integrity, axonal order, density, and myelination via the micron-scale displacement of water molecules diffusing in tissues. Diffusion tensor imaging, a type of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging technique is widely utilized in clinical and research settings;however, it has several limitations. To overcome these limitations, cutting-edge diffusion magnetic resonance imaging techniques, such as diffusional kurtosis imaging, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging, and free water imaging, have been recently proposed and applied to evaluate the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. This review focused on the main applications, findings, and future directions of advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging techniques in patients with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, the first and second most common neurodegenerative diseases, respectively.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease biomarkers diffusional kurtosis imaging disease progression early diagnosis free-water imaging neurites neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging Parkinson's disease

Small serotonin-positive pancreatic endocrine tumors caused obstruction of the main pancreatic duct

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第45期18卷 6669-6673页

作者： Masami ogawa Yoshiaki Kawaguchi Atsuko Maruno Hiroyuki Ito Toshio Nakagohri Kenichi Hirabayashi Hiroshi Yamamuro Tomohiro Yamashita Tetsuya Mine Department of Gastroenterology Tokai University School of Medicine143 ShimokasuyaIsehara 259-1193Japan Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Tokai University School of Medicine143 ShimokasuyaIsehara 259-1193Japan Department of Pathology Tokai University School of Medicine143 ShimokasuyaIsehara 259-1193Japan Department of Radiology Tokai University School of Medicine143 ShimokasuyaIsehara 259-1193Japan

We report 2 cases of pancreatic endocrine tumors that caused obstruction of the main pancreatic duct(MPD).A 49-year-old asymptomatic man was referred to our institution because dilation of the MPD was revealed by abdominal ultrasonography(US).No tumor was detected by endoscopic ultrasonography,computed tomography(CT),and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).The diameter of the MPD was > 20 mm at the body,and no dilation was noted at the *** malignancy was not confirmed through cytology or imaging,pancreatic cancer was strongly ***-denectomy was *** and immunohistochemical examination revealed a 5 mm × 3 mm serotonin-positive endocrine *** was present around the MPD and seemed to cause stricture.A 32-year-old asymptomatic man had elevated serum amylase,and US demonstrated dilation of the *** tumor was detected by CT and *** cancer was suspected due to stricture and dilation of the *** of middle part of pancreas was *** and immunohistochemical examination revealed a serotonin-positive endocrine tumor sized 5 mm × 4 *** report 2 cases of serotonin-positive pancreatic endocrine tumors that caused stricture of the MPD in spite of the small size of the tumor.

关键词： Serotonin Pancreatic endocrine tumor Main pancreatic duct Obstruction Dilatation

Aminoflavone upregulates putative tumor suppressor miR-125b-2-3p to inhibit luminal A breast cancer stem cell-like properties

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2022年第2期5卷 72-86页

作者： Nicole Mavingire Petreena Campbell Tiantian Liu Jonathan Wooten Salma Khan Xin Chen Jason Matthews Charles Wang eileen Brantley Department of Basic Sciences Loma Linda University School of MedicineLoma LindaCA 92350USA Center for Genomics Loma Linda University School of MedicineLoma LindaCA 92350USA Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine Loma Linda University School of MedicineLoma LindaCA 92350USA Department of Nutrition University of OsloOslo 0372Norway Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 1A8Canada Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research PO Box BBldg.432Room 232 FrederickMD 21702-1201USA

Metastatic breast cancer is incurable and often due to breast cancer stem cell(CSC)-mediated *** previously determined that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)agonist aminoflavone(AF)inhibits the expression of the CSC biomarkerα6-integrin(ITGA6)to disrupt the formation of luminal(hormone receptor-positive)mammospheres(3D breast cancer spheroids).In this study,we performed miRNA-sequencing analysis of luminal A MCF-7 mammospheres treated with AF to gain further insight into the mechanism of AF-mediated anti-cancer and anti-breast CSC *** significantly induced the expression of>70 microRNAs(miRNAs)including miR125b-2–3p,a predicted stemness gene ***-mediated miR125b-2–3p induction was validated in MCF-7 mammospheres and ***125b-2–3p levels were low in breast cancer tissues irrespective of subtype compared to normal breast *** miR125b-2–3p levels were low in MCF-7 cells,they were much lower in AHR100 cells(MCF-7 cells made unresponsive to AhR agonists).The miR125b-2–3p mimic decreased,while the antagomiR125b-2–3p increased the expression of stemness genes ITGA6 and SOX2 in MCF-7 *** MCF-7 mammospheres,the miR125b-2–3p mimic decreased only ITGA6 expression although the antagomiR125b-2–3p increased ITGA6,SOX2 and MYC ***125b-2–3p reversed AF-mediated suppression of *** miR125b-2–3p mimic decreased proliferation,migration,and mammosphere formation while the antagomiR125b-2–3p increased proliferation and mammosphere formation in MCF-7 *** miR125b-2–3p mimic also inhibited proliferation,mammosphere formation,and migration in AHR100 *** induced AhR-and miR125b2-3p-dependent anti-proliferation,anti-migration,and mammosphere disruption in MCF-7 *** findings suggest that miR125b-2–3p is a tumor suppressor and AF upregulates miR125b-2–3p to disrupt mammospheres via mechanisms that rely at least partially on AhR in luminal A breast cancer cells.

关键词： breast cancer cancer stem cells therapeutic targeting miR125b-2-3p aminoflavone aryl hydrocarbon receptor mammospheres

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City Dwellers

小学生时代（大嘴英语） 2020年第7期 30-33页

作者： eileen R.Meyer Vanessa Newton(图) 不详

Crowded sidewalks,Neon glare,Buildings stretch into the *** fly,Pigeons coo,Birds build a nest or *** rumble,Taxis race,People rush from place to place。Squirrels scamper,Black crows eat,Mice run past on tiny feet.

关键词： flies Birds stretch

Widespread testing, case isolation and contact tracing may allow safe school reopening with continued moderate physical distancing: A modeling analysis of King County, WA data

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 24-35页

作者： Chloe Bracis eileen Burns Mia Moore David Swan Daniel B.Reeves Joshua T.Schiffer Dobromir Dimitrov Universite Grenoble Alpes TIMC-IMAG/BCM38000GrenobleFrance Independent Researcher SeattleWAUSA Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWAUSA Clinical Research Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWAUSA Department of Medicine University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of Applied Mathematics University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA

Background:In late March 2020,a“Stay Home,Stay Healthy”order was issued in Washington State in response to the COVID-19 *** May 1,a 4-phase reopening plan *** investigated whether adjunctive prevention strategies would allow less restrictive physical distancing to avoid second epidemic waves and secure safe school ***:We developed a mathematical model,stratifying the population by age,infection status and treatment status to project SARS-CoV-2 transmission during and after the reopening *** model was parameterized with demographic and contact data from King County,WA and calibrated to confirmed cases,deaths and epidemic peak *** prevention interventions were simulated assuming different levels of pre-COVID physical interactions(pC_PI)***:The best model fit estimated~35%pC_PI under the lockdown which prevented~17,000 deaths by May *** restoring 75%pC_PI for all age groups between May 15-July 15 would have resulted in~350 daily deaths by early September ***<45%pC_PI was required with current testing practices to ensure low levels of daily infections and *** testing,isolation of symptomatic infections,and contact tracing permitted 60%pC_PI without significant increases in daily deaths before November and allowed opening of schools with<15 daily *** antiviral treatment was predicted to reduce deaths significantly without lowering cases or ***:We predict that widespread testing,contact tracing and case isolation would allow relaxation of physical distancing,as well as opening of schools,without a surge in local cases and deaths.

关键词： Mathematical modeling Epidemiology Age structured model Physical distancing Contact tracing