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Unraveling the nature of sensing in electrostatic mEmS gas sensors

microsystems & nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 109-117页

作者： Yasser S.Shama Sasan rahm.nian Hamza mouharrar Rana abdelrahm.n Alaaeldin Elhady eihab m.abdel-rahm.n Systems Design Engineering University of Waterloo200 University Ave WWaterloo N2L 3G1 ONCanada mechanical Engineering Benha Faculty of EngineeringBenha UniversityBenha 13511Egypt

This paper investigates the fundamental sensing mechanism of electrostatic mEmS gas *** compares among the responsivities of a set of mEmS isopropanol sensors before and after functionalization,and in the presence and absence of electrostatic fields when operated in static and dynamic detection *** the static mode,we found that the sensors do not exhibit a measurable change in displacement due to added *** the other hand,bare sensors showed a clear change in displacement in response to isopropanol *** the dynamic mode,functionalized sensors showed a measurable frequency shift due to the added mass of isopropanol *** the presence of strong electrostatic fields,the measured frequency shift was found to be threefold larger than that in their absence in response to the same concentration of isopropanol *** enhanced responsivity of dynamic detection allows the sensors to measure the vapor mass captured by the functional material,which is not the case for static *** detection of isopropanol by bare sensors in static mode shows that change in the medium permittivity is the primary sensing *** enhanced responsivity of dynamic mode sensors when operated in strong electrostatic fields shows that their sensing mechanism is a combination of a weaker added mass effect and a stronger permittivity *** findings show that electrostatic mEmS gas sensors are independent of the direction of the gravitational field and are,thus,robust to changes in *** is erroneous to refer to them as‘gravimetric’sensors.

关键词： mechanism. electrostatic measurable

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male-killer dynamics in the tropical butterfly, Acraea encedana （Lepidoptera： nymphalidae）

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Insect Science 2013年第6期20卷 717-722页

作者： Sami Saeed m. Hassan eihab Idris michael E. n. majerus Department of Biology Faculty of Science University of Hail Hail Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Zoology Faculty of Science University of Khartoum P.O. Box 321 Khartoum 11115 Sudan Department of Genetics University of Cambridge Deceased Department of Genetics University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 3EH United Kingdom

Sex ratio distortion in the tropical butterfly Acraea encedana is caused by infection with a male-killing bacterium of the genus Wolbachia. Previous research on this species has reported extreme female bias, high bacterial prevalences, and full sex role reversal. In this paper, we provide an assessment for the dynamics of the male-killer, based on a survey for sex ratios and Wolbachia prevalences among wild populations of A. encedana in Uganda. The study reveals that Wolbachia infection showed considerable variation over both spatial and temporal scales.

关键词： female bias PCR population dynamics prevalence Wolbachia Uganda

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