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Stepwise Pyrolysis by LBCR Downstream to Enhance of Gasoline Fraction of Liquid Fuel from MMSW

Energy Engineering 2022年第3期119卷 1169-1178页

作者： Indra Mamad Gandidi Edy Suryadi efri mardawati Dwi Rustam Kendarto Nugroho Agung Pambudi Department of Mechanical Engineering Education Universitas Pendidikan IndonesiaBandung40154Indonesia Postgraduate Student of Doctoral Program Faculty Agroindustrial TechnologyUniversitas PadjadjaranJatinangor45363Indonesia Faculty Agroindustrial Technology Universitas PadjadjaranJatinangor45363Indonesia Department of Mechanical Engineering Education Universitas Sebelas MaretSurakarta57126Indonesia

Pyrolysis is one of the thermal cracking methods to convert hydrocarbon to liquid *** quantity and quality of the process are dependent on several condition including temperature,reaction time,catalyst,and the type of ***,a gasoline fraction was maximum product to be considered in the pyrolisis ***,this study aims to increase the gasoline fraction in liquid fuel using stepwise pyrolysis with a long bed catalytic reactor downstream(LBCR).The LBCR downstream was equipped with the top and bottom outlet and the fed source was mixed municipal solid waste(MMSW).The activated natural dolomite at 500℃ was used to allow the repetition of the secondary ***,the reactor temperature was setup at around 200℃-300℃ and the pyrolizer was 400℃.To analyze the gasoline fraction and physical properties of liquid fuel,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy(GC-MS)and ASTM standard were *** experimental results showed there was a significant increase in the gasoline fraction of liquid fuels compared to using direct catalytic cracking and absence of *** using a LBCR at 250℃,the liquid fuel obtained at top outlet(TO)and bottom outlet(BO)have 84.08 and 56.94 percent peak area of gasoline fraction(C5-C12),*** average value(TO and BO)of the fraction at 250℃ by LBCR was 70.51 percent peak area and it was increased by about 93.6%and 51.14%compared to without catalyst and direct catalytic,***,pyrolytic liquid oils were found to have kinematic viscosity of 2.979 and 0.789 cSt,density of 0.781 and 0.782 g/cm^(3),and flash point<−5℃ for BO-250 and TO-250 liquid fuel,*** results showed BO liquid fuel was comparable to diesel conventional fuel while TO liquid fuel was comparable to ***,the presence of LBCR made a major contribution to generate multi secondary cracking and to produce more gasoline fraction from mixed MMSW feedstock,as well as to increase the physical properties of l

关键词： Liquid fuel gasoline fraction LBC MMSW stepwise pyrolysis natural dolomite catalys

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Overview of the Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Tannin-Glyoxal Adhesive for Wood-Based Composites

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第7期12卷 1165-1186页

作者： Awanda Wira Anggini Rita Kartika Sari efri mardawati Tati Karliati Apri Heri Iswanto Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts National Research and Innovation AgencyCibinong16911Indonesia Department of Forest Products Faculty of Forestry and EnvironmentIPB UniversityBogor16680Indonesia Department of Agro-Industrial Technology Universitas PadjadjaranBandung45363Indonesia Research Collaboration Center for Biomass and Biorefinery BRIN and Universitas PadjadjaranBandung45363Indonesia School of Life Sciences and Technology Institut Teknologi BandungBandung40132Indonesia Department of Forest Products Technology Faculty of ForestryUniversitas Sumatera UtaraMedan20355Indonesia

More than a century after its initial synthesis,urea-formaldehyde(UF)resins still have dominant applications as adhesives,paints,and ***,formaldehyde in this industry produces formaldehyde emissions that are dangerous to *** have spent the last decade replacing formaldehyde and phenol with environmentally friendly substances such as glyoxal and tannin to create bio-based *** review covers recent advances in synthesizing glyoxal tannin-based resins,especially those made from sustainable raw material substitutes and changes made to synthetic processes to improve mechanical *** efficacy of using tannin-glyoxal adhesives in producing wood-based composites has been *** glyoxylate reaction forms cross-linked bridges between the aromatic sites of the tannin and glyoxal molecular *** tannin adhesive with a greater percentage of glyoxal than tannin will produce an adhesive with better *** gel time reduces as the hardener concentration rises from 7.5%to 15%when glyoxal is used in ***,excessive amounts of glyoxal will result in a decrease in viscosity *** exhibits faster delivery degradation when it reaches a maximum temperature of approximately 130°C,although it initiates the curing process slightly slower at 110°*** glyoxal to tannin-based adhesives can improve the mechanical properties of composite *** wet shear strength of the resulting plywood is increased by 105.4%with the addition of 5-weight percent tannin-based resin with glyoxal as a cross-linker in Soy Protein *** glyoxal as a hardener,the panels produced showed good internal bond strengths(>0.35 MPa)and met the international standard specifications for interior-grade panels.

关键词： Bio-based adhesives glyoxal tannin wood adhesives wood-based composites

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Influence of Formulation and Hot-Pressing Conditions on the Performance of Bio-Based Molasses Adhesive for Plywood

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第8期12卷 1383-1397页

作者： Jajang Sutiawan Alifah Syahfitri Sukma Surya Kusumah Dede Hermawan Rita Kartika Sari Luthfi Hakim efri mardawati Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts National Research and Innovation AgencyCibinong16911Indonesia Forest Product Department Faculty of Forestry and EnvironmentIPB UniversityBogor16680Indonesia Department of Forest Products Faculty of ForestryUniversitas Sumatera UtaraMedan20155Indonesia Research Collaboration Center for Biomass and Biorefinery BRIN and Universitas PadjadjaranBandung40600Indonesia Department of Agro-Industrial Technology Universitas PadjadjaranBandung40600Indonesia

Molasses can serve as a natural adhesive for plywood and ***,several disadvantages remain,including lower dimensional stability and low bonding strength compared to other ***,modifications are needed to use molasses as an adhesive for *** research aims to improve bio-based molasses(MO)adhesive for plywood using citric acid(CA)*** addition,this research aims to analyze the effect of adding citric acid and to investigate the optimum hot-pressing temperature to produce the best quality *** the first stage,the molasses and citric acid were combined in a ratio of 100:0,75:25,50:50,25:75,0:100 w/w%.Then,the second stage focuses on analyzing the influences of pressing temperature based on an optimum first *** research demonstrated that the addition of CA altered the gelation time,solid content,viscosity,and pH of the molasses *** addition,the thermal properties of molasses adhesives were changed after mixing with citric *** phenomena indicate changes in characteristics,such as the curing of ***,the characteristics of plywood showed a steady improvement as the CA ratio increased but revealed a significant decline for the 25:75 MO-CA *** raising the pressing temperature from 180℃ to 200℃,the quality of plywood was effectively *** plywood that was bonded using adhesives with a 50:50 MO-CA ratio exhibited superior mechanical properties and improved dimensional stability compared to the plywood bonded solely with ***,the optimal mechanical and physical properties resulted in plywood bonded with a 50:50 MO-CA ratio when subjected to a pressing temperature of 200℃.The Thermal and FTIR measurements revealed that CA established ester bonds with both the MO and wood *** conclusion,the mechanical characteristics of plywood were improved,while maintaining its excellent dimensional stability.

关键词： Citric acid composite molasses pressing temperature plywood

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Selecting Biofuel Obtained from Sunan Pecan Oil for Diesel Engine Fuel

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2019年第5期9卷 323-328页

作者： Mas Ade Moetangad Kramadibrata Sarifah Nurjanah Mimin Muhaemin efri mardawati Totok Herwanto Handarto Sari Narulita Rosalinda Wahyu Darajat Fathia Emma Putri Dept.Agriculture Engineering and Biosystem Faculty of Agro-Industrial TechnologyUniversitas PadjadjaranBandung 40115Indonesia Dept.Agro-Industrial Technology Faculty of Agro-Industrial TechnologyUniversitas PadjadjaranBandung 40115Indonesia Dept.Agro-Technology Faculty of AgricultureUniversitas PadjadjaranBandung 40115Indonesia

In search of biofuel as sustainable energy alternatives for anticipating the gradually decreasing fossil fuel that surely would affect engine performances of industrial machinery as a whole,the research herewith was aimed to confirm that oil obtained from compressing Sunan pecan seeds(Reutalis trisperma)is the suitable unedible raw oil material to be *** carrying out esterification and transesterification processes,the oil became biofuel which consists of various forms of long-chains components of fatty acid methyl ester(FAME).To make it usable for diesel engine,steps of further processes have been done,i.e.,purification and fractionation to produce FAME of single fatty acid components as well as selecting them by PROMETHEE *** result showed that FAME with single unfractionated fatty acid components was closed to diesel oil characteristics and so the most appropriate biofuel for internal combustion engine.

关键词： Biofuel fractionation single FAME components PROMETHEE diesel engine

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