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Transgenic Tobacco Lines Expressing Yam Mosaic Virus Coat Protein-Derived dsRNA Are Resistant to Yam Mosaic Virus

American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第9期11卷 1487-1504页

作者： effiom eyo ita Edak Aniedi Uyoh Ikuo Nakamura Valentine Otang Ntui Department of Genetics & Biotechnology University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology Graduate School of Horticulture Chiba University Chiba Japan International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Nairobi Kenya

Yam mosaic virus (YMV), a Potyvirus, is a highly destructive pathogen of yam accounting for yield losses up to 40%. Apart from causing significant reduction in tuber size and quality, it restricts international exchange of germplasms. It thus becomes crucial to get resistant or at least virus-free planting materials for farmers. This study was aimed at inducing resistance to YMV in tobacco by RNA silencing. An RNAi construct containing 161 bp fragment of YMV-coat protein (CP) gene was developed and used to produce transgenic tobacco lines expressing YMV-coat protein (CP) derived double stranded RNA (dsRNA) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Of the eight T1 transgenic lines inoculated with YMV, six (L1, L2, L3, L5, L7 and L8) showed immunity to YMV as no symptoms were detected, whereas two (L4 and L10) exhibited high resistance with mild symptoms limited to inoculation portions. No virus could be detected in uninoculated new leaves of the transgenic lines after RT-PCR and qPCR analyses of YMV-coat protein (CP). The presence of small interfering RNAs in transgenic lines after virus challenge indicates that the resistance was acquired through RNA silencing.

关键词： Yam Mosaic Virus dsRNA PTGS Coat Protein Gene RNAi

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The Influence of Gas Flare Particulates and Rainfall on the Corrosion of Galvanized Steel Roofs in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2011年第10期2卷 1341-1346页

作者： Ajah Ekpeni Obia Hanson Effiong Okon Samuel Aji Ekum eyo effiom eyo-ita Ekpang Ajah Ekpeni 不详

An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of air-borne particulates exuded from gas flare chambers and rainfall/rain water pH in the rusting of metallic building materials, particularly the galvanized iron roofing sheets, in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria. Gas flaring and rain fall in this region are rated to be amongst the highest in the world. In this experiment, specimens of the metal (galvanized iron) were exposed in the atmosphere for one year, across four sites within the region. The monthly readings of concentrations of particulate matter (aerosol) and rainfall at the sites were recorded. Equally, the average pH values of the collected rainwater were determined and recorded correspondingly. Multiple linear regression, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson Product Moment Correlation statistical analyses were performed on the obtained data and the outcome indicated that, with an R2 = 0.678, there was significant influence of industrial aerosol concentration, precipitation and pH on the degradation of galvanized iron roofing material in the region. It was also established that their individual influences were less than their joint impact, suggesting synergism. The ANOVA test further indicated that corrosion was severe in the industrial sites of Ibeno and Ebocha while Ekuri (the control station) recorded the least impact. This study recommends a discontinuation of gas flaring in the region while research on environmentally resilient, relatively cheap and sustainable alternative materials should be encouraged.

关键词： Galvanized Iron Gas Flares Mass Loss Pollutants Rainfall

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Screening of Rice Accessions for Tolerance to Drought and Salt Stress Using Morphological and Physiological Parameters

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第12期11卷 2080-2102页

作者： Chukwudi Umego Valentine Otang Ntui effiom eyo ita Charles Opara Edak Aniedi Uyoh Department of Genetics and Biotechnology University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria International Institute for Tropical Agriculture Nairobi Kenya

Drought and salinity are the most widespread soil problems, posing a big threat to food security in rice growing regions. The present study evaluated the performance of eleven rice genotypes using morphological and physiological parameters, under induced drought and salinity conditions. The seedlings were raised in 5 kg of homogenous soil in plastic bags in the greenhouse. For the drought experiment, each bag was watered with 200 ml of water twice daily until plants reached the five-leaf stage when watering was suspended for 2 weeks for the drought stressed plants but not suspended for the control plants. The experiment was a 2 × 11 factorial and the set up was arranged using the completely randomized design with three replications. Data were taken on Plant height, Number of tillers, leaf length, Number of green leaves, Number of dead leaves, Leaf rolling score (LRS) and Rate of water loss. The salinity experiment was set up in a similar manner except that the plants were irrigated twice a day for 2 weeks with 200 ml of treatment solution containing either 0 mM NaCl or 75 mM and data were collected on plant height, number of tillers, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, Na+ and K+ concentrations, relative water content and chlorophyll content. Data from both experiments were subjected to Analysis of variance test using the GenStat software 10th edition and the means separated using least significant difference test. Individual stress response index (ISRI) was calculated for each parameter and the means used in grouping the varieties. Of the genotypes evaluated, four (FARO 44,

关键词： Oryza sativa Salinity Tolerance Drought Tolerance Morpho-Physiological Parameters Stress Response Indices

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Effect of Synthetic Hormone Substitutes on Rooting of Vine Cuttings in Water Yam (Dioscorea alata L.)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第9期7卷 1372-1379页

作者： Edak A. Uyoh effiom E. ita Mercy Essien Ekeme Abasi F. Ewona Mary Binang Department of Genetics and Biotechnology University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria

The use of yam vine cuttings as propagules with appropriate synthetic rooting hormones such as IBA (Indole-Butyric Acid) and NAA (Naphthalene Acetic Acid) has previously been reported as successful but expensive. To source for cheaper alternatives, this study compared the effect of some natural and synthetic hormones on rooting of vine cuttings in two varieties of Dioscorea alata. Vine cuttings from three months old water yam varieties were treated separately with 1%, 3% and 5% concentrations of each of the following: neem leaf ash, coconut water, 2,4-D and IBA with water as control. Treated cuttings were planted in triplicates in polythene bags using the completely randomised design and watered once in two days for 49 days. Data collected on rooting percentage, number of roots per plant, mean root length, number and length of new vines were subjected to analysis of variance tests and the means separated using least significant difference tests. A 100% rooting was observed in vines treated with 1% or 3% coconut water and neem ash. These vines also generated significantly greater number of new vines (P < 0.05) compared to those from synthetic hormones. Vines treated with 5% neem produced the highest number of roots (145.33 ± 9.21;P < 0.001) while those treated with 3% neem produced the longest roots (45.3 ± 9.23 cm) followed by those treated with 3% coconut water (24.3 ± 3.48). The study reveals that neem leaf ash and coconut water are better root promoting agents for water yam vines than 2,4-D and IBA and could be tested further for use as natural hormonal substitutes to the synthetic hormones.

关键词： Root-Promoting Agents Dioscorea alata Vine Cuttings Neem Leaf Ash Coconut Water

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