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Self-reported dietary supplement use in deployed United States service members pre-deployment *** deployment,Afghanistan,2013-2014

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Military Medical research 2018年第3期5卷 207-215页

作者： Shawn M.Varney Patrick C.Ng Crystal A.Perez Allyson A.Arana edwin r.austin rosemarie G.ramos Vikhyat S.Bebartas University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio 7709Floyd Curl DrSan AntonioTX 78229USA San Antonio Military Medical Center 3551Roger Brooke DriveSan AntonioTX 78234USA rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center Denver Health and Hospital AuthorityDenverCOUSA U.S.Army Institute of Surgical research USAF En Route Care Research Center3698Chambers Pass STE BJBSA Ft Sam HoustonSan AntonioTX 78234USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine13001E 17th PlaceAuroraCO 80045USA

Background: Dietary supplement use(protein/amino acids, weight-loss supplements, performance enhancers) is common among U.S. military members. reported dietary supplement use in deployed troops is limited and is of concern in settings where troops are exposed to high ambient temperatures, increased physical demands, and dehydration. Our objective was to describe dietary supplement use and adverse events(AEs) among deployed U.S. service members compared with their pre-deployment ***: We conducted an institutional review board(IrB) approved, descriptive study in Afghanistan using a written questionnaire and collected demographic information, dietary supplement use before and during deployment, AEs associated with supplement use, and physical workout routines. Participants were U.S. military personnel of all branches of service deployed to Afghanistan. They were recruited in high-traffic areas in the combat theater. We analyzed the data with descriptive statistics. Paired t-test/Wilcoxon signed-rank test was conducted to examine the before/during deployment changes for continuous data, and Mc Nemar's chi-square test was conducted for categorical data. We constructed separate logistic regression models to determine the best predictors of increases or decreases in dietary supplement use, with demographic information, reasons for using supplements, and education requested/received as covariates in each model. All statistical tests were two-sided at a significance level of 5%(Presults: Data were collected on 1685 participants. Ninety-seven of the participants were in the Army or Air Force. The participants were more likely to work out daily or more than once a day during deployment. Thirty-five percent of the participants reported no supplement use before or during deployment. The remaining 65% of participants reported increased use and increased frequency of use of supplements(e.g., daily) during deployment compared with predeployment. Additionally, more pe

关键词： Military Dietary supplement Workout Exercise Adverse events

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A Mixed Model Analysis of a Fertilizer Experiment on Oil Palm in Nigeria

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Agricultural Sciences 2016年第8期7卷 521-530页

作者： edwin A. Iguodala Eghwerido Joseph Thomas austin Edokpayi Obilade Titilola Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm research Benin City Nigeria Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun Nigeria Department of Mathematics Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria

Mixed model analysis procedure was used to analyze the effect of fertilizer application on the Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) yield of oil palm. This was with a view to achieve the most appropriate and a robust model for analyzing yield response for fertilizer application in oil palm. In this study, a mixed model analysis procedure was used to analyze yield data obtained from a fertilizer trial conducted between 1997 and 2005. In mixed effect model, replicates and years were used as block. In contrast the fixed effect ANOVA model usually lumped up replicates and years as a random error. In the model replicates were used as block with no block interaction, replicates as block with allowance for block-fertilizer interaction, years as block with allowance for block-fertilizer interaction, and years and replicates as block with allowance for year fertilizer and replicate-fertilizer interaction. Mixed model theory was also used to provide the explicit description of the design matrices in the models. Also, hypotheses relevant to each model were formulated and used to test for specific effects in the models such as, fixed part, random part and interacting parts using appropriate error terms as determined by the derived Expected Mean Squares (EMS). The results revealed that at 5% significant level (p

关键词： Fixed Model random Model Mixed Model Oil Palm Fertilizer Trial

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