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p.evalence and Factors Associated with Mortality among Chest Injury p.tients Admitted at Muhimbili National Hosp.tal in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2021年第9期12卷 364-376页

作者： Janeth Stanslaus Masuma Resp.cious Lwezimula Boniface edwin Rwebugisa Lugazia Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS) Dar es Salaam Tanzania Muhimbili Orthop.edic Institute (MOI) Dar es Salaam Tanzania Injury Control Centre Tanzania (ICCT) Dar es Salaam Tanzania Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Introduction: Accidents rep.esent a significant p.op.rtional of non-communicable disease in the current century, and chest injury is common. However, management and outcome of these injuries is p.or in low resource setting like Tanzania. The aim of this study was to determine the p.evalence and factors associated with mortality among chest injury p.tients at a tertiary level health facility in Tanzania. Method: A p.osp.ctive Cross-Sectional study of chest injuries among trauma p.tients attended at Muhimbili National Hosp.tal between Sep.ember 2019 and February 2020. Results: A total of 282 trauma p.tients were seen, out of which 51/282 (18.1%) sustained chest injury. Road Traffic Crashes were the leading cause of chest injury 41/51 (80.4%). Majority 17/51 (33.3%) p.esented with lung contusion, followed by p.eumohemothorax and rib fractures each 8/51 (15.7%). Most of the p.tients 27/51 (52.9%) were managed by tube thoracostomy and 42.1% conservatively. Mortality was 11/51 (21.6%). Indep.ndent factors associated with mortality were: Associated injuries (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.07, 95% CI 0.01 - 1.16, p.= 0.02), Multimodal analgesia (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.22, 95% CI 0.05 - 0.98, p.= 0.05), more than 24 hours to treatment (Odds Ratio (OR) 5.53, 95% CI 1.25 - 24.3, p.= 0.02), Bilateral chest involvement (Odds Ratio (OR) 4.61, 95% CI 1.12 - 18.7, p.= 0.02), and Invasive ventilation (Odds Ratio (OR) 31.5, 95% CI 4.47 - 53.8, p.= 0.00). Conclusion: Chest injuries p.evail significantly among trauma p.tients in Tanzania, mostly due to road traffic crashes. Injury p.eventive measures esp.cially for road traffic crashes need to be reinforced, and establishment of chest injury management p.otocol in Tanzania.

关键词： Chest Injury Road Traffic Crashes Tanzania

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Antibiotic p.op.ylaxis in cirrhosis p.tients with up.er gastrointestinal bleeding:An up.ated systematic review and meta‐analysis

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p.rtal Hyp.rtension & Cirrhosis 2022年第3期1卷 167-177页

作者： Yu Jun Wong Chin Kimg Tan Yuen Lin Yii Yoko Wong Yew Chong Tam edwin Chan Juan G.Abraldes Dep.rtment of Gastroenterology&Hep.tology Changi General HospitalSingaporeSingapore Duke‐NUS Medical School SingaporeSingapore Singap.re Health Service SingaporeSingapore Cochrane Singap.re SingaporeSingapore Singap.re Clinical Research Institute SingaporeSingapore Education Resource Centre Medical BoardSingapore General HospitalSingaporeSingapore Division of Gastroenterology University ofAlbertaEdmontonCanada

Objective:Emerging evidence suggest that antibiotic p.op.ylaxis may be omitted in early cirrhosis p.tients with up.er gastrointestinal bleeding(UGIB),which question the benefits of antibiotic p.op.ylaxis on rebleeding,mortality related to ongoing bleeding,and the need for salvage *** the management of UGIB has imp.oved over time since the last review a decade ago,we p.rformed an up.ated meta‐analysis to review the benefits of antibiotic p.op.ylaxis in cirrhosis p.tients with ***:Six electronic databases including p.bMed/MEDLINE,EMBASE,Scop.s,Web of Science,Cochrane library,and *** were systematically searched up.to December 1,*** p.imary outcome was 6 weeks *** outcomes include the risk of infection,rebleeding at 7 days and 6 weeks,mortality related to ongoing bleeding,need for salvage therap.,and infection‐related ***:Eighteen studies(12 randomized controlled trials[RCT],6 non‐RCT)from 3180 subjects were identified among 2129 *** p.op.ylaxis reduces mortality at 6 weeks,risk of infection,and infectionrelated mortality(p.oled relative risk:0.72,0.39,and 0.41,resp.ctively).Although antibiotics reduce the risk of rebleeding and the amount of blood transfusion,they did not reduce the risk of mortality from ongoing bleeding nor the need for salvage *** p.op.ylaxis may shorten the length of stay in the intensive care ***:Antibiotic p.op.ylaxis reduces rebleeding,6‐week mortality,and infection‐related *** to the low risk of infection and death,dedicated studies are warranted to evaluate the benefit of antibiotic p.op.ylaxis in early cirrhosis with UGIB.

关键词： endoscop. esop.ageal and gastric varices hemorrhage hyp.rtension,p.rtal infection rebleeding transjugular intrahep.tic p.rtosystemic shunt

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两种烟煤的液化及液化油的组成特征研究

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燃料化学学报 2001年第3期29卷 214-218页

作者：朱继升 Lawrence p.Norcio edwin L.Kugler Dady B.Dadyburjor YANG Jian-li LIU Zhen-yu 杨建丽刘振宇钟炳中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 Chemical Engineering Dep.rtment West Virginia University P. O. Box 6102 Morgantown WV26505-6102 USA Chemical Engineering Dep.rtment West Virginia University P. O. Box 6102 Morgantown WV26505-6102 Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

在 40 0℃、30min、7Mp.冷氢压条件下两种煤液化结果表明 ,兖州煤比DECS 6 (美国煤 )煤更容易液化或共液化 ,这可能与兖州煤硫含量比较高有关 ,但DECS 6煤的油收率要高于兖州煤 ,表明EDCS 6煤容易裂解生成小分子化合物。同种煤液化油的... 详细信息

在 40 0℃、30min、7Mp.冷氢压条件下两种煤液化结果表明 ,兖州煤比DECS 6 (美国煤 )煤更容易液化或共液化 ,这可能与兖州煤硫含量比较高有关 ,但DECS 6煤的油收率要高于兖州煤 ,表明EDCS 6煤容易裂解生成小分子化合物。同种煤液化油的沸点分布特征基本一致。UV(紫外光谱 )特征表明 ,液化油中单环芳烃主要为烷基取代苯类化合物 ,二环芳烃组分主要是烷基取代萘类化合物 ,三环芳烃主要为渺位缩合的菲类化合物 ,四环芳烃主要为芘、屈艹类化合物 ,五环芳烃以苯并芘类化合物为主 ,而极性化合物可归属为含O、S。

关键词：煤液化沸点分布族组成烟煤液化油

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Self-rep.rted dietary sup.lement use in dep.oyed United States service members p.e-dep.oyment *** dep.oyment,Afghanistan,2013-2014

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Military Medical Research 2018年第3期5卷 207-215页

作者： Shawn M.Varney p.trick C.Ng Crystal A.p.rez Allyson A.Arana edwin R.Austin Rosemarie G.Ramos Vikhyat S.Bebartas University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio 7709Floyd Curl DrSan AntonioTX 78229USA San Antonio Military Medical Center 3551Roger Brooke DriveSan AntonioTX 78234USA Rocky Mountain p.ison and Drug Center Denver Health and Hospital AuthorityDenverCOUSA U.S.Army Institute of Surgical Research USAF En Route Care Research Center3698Chambers Pass STE BJBSA Ft Sam HoustonSan AntonioTX 78234USA Dep.rtment of Emergency Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine13001E 17th PlaceAuroraCO 80045USA

Background: Dietary sup.lement use(p.otein/amino acids, weight-loss sup.lements, p.rformance enhancers) is common among U.S. military members. Rep.rted dietary sup.lement use in dep.oyed troop. is limited and is of concern in settings where troop. are exp.sed to high ambient temp.ratures, increased p.ysical demands, and dehydration. Our objective was to describe dietary sup.lement use and adverse events(AEs) among dep.oyed U.S. service members comp.red with their p.e-dep.oyment ***: We conducted an institutional review board(IRB) ap.roved, descrip.ive study in Afghanistan using a written questionnaire and collected demograp.ic information, dietary sup.lement use before and during dep.oyment, AEs associated with sup.lement use, and p.ysical workout routines. p.rticip.nts were U.S. military p.rsonnel of all branches of service dep.oyed to Afghanistan. They were recruited in high-traffic areas in the combat theater. We analyzed the data with descrip.ive statistics. p.ired t-test/Wilcoxon signed-rank test was conducted to examine the before/during dep.oyment changes for continuous data, and Mc Nemar's chi-square test was conducted for categorical data. We constructed sep.rate logistic regression models to determine the best p.edictors of increases or decreases in dietary sup.lement use, with demograp.ic information, reasons for using sup.lements, and education requested/received as covariates in each model. All statistical tests were two-sided at a significance level of 5%(p.0.05).Results: Data were collected on 1685 p.rticip.nts. Ninety-seven of the p.rticip.nts were in the Army or Air Force. The p.rticip.nts were more likely to work out daily or more than once a day during dep.oyment. Thirty-five p.rcent of the p.rticip.nts rep.rted no sup.lement use before or during dep.oyment. The remaining 65% of p.rticip.nts rep.rted increased use and increased frequency of use of sup.lements(e.g., daily) during dep.oyment comp.red with p.edep.oyment. Additionally, more p.

关键词： Military Dietary sup.lement Workout Exercise Adverse events

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Osteocyte viability and bone density in cadmium chloride-induced osteop.rosis ameliorated with p.lostigma thonningii stem bark-extracted D-3-O-methy-chiroinositol

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Animal Models and Exp.rimental Medicine 2019年第1期2卷 25-33页

作者： edwin Aihanuwa Uwagie-Ero Clifford Nwabugwu Abiaezute Chinaka O.Nwaehujor Theop.ilus Okafor Nnaji Eugene Amienwanlen Odigie Oyetunde Kazeem Ekeolu Ohiemi Benjamin Ocheja Dep.rtment of Surgery Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Benin Dep.rtment of Anatomy Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Nigeria Dep.rtment of Biochemistry College of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of Calabar Dep.rtment of Surgery Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Nigeria Dep.rtment of Anatomy Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Benin Dep.rtment of p.ysiology and Biochemistry Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Benin

Background : This study examined the ameliorative effect of D-3-O-methylchiroinositol, isolated from the stem bark of p.liostigma thonningii, on cadmium chloride-induced osteop.rosis in male Wistar rats. Methods : Thirty-six rats were assigned to three treatment group.(n = 12). Group.A(2 mL distilled water), group.B:(2.5 mg/kg b.w. CdCl_2) and group.C:(2.5 mg/kg b.w. CdCl_2 and D-3-O-methyl-chiroinositol 2 mg/kg b.w.). Bone ash, calcium, p.osp.ate, magnesium, and zinc content, as well as bone histological changes were determined at the end of months 1, 2, and 3. Results : There were significant differences( p.≤ 0.05) in the weight of the cervical, tibia, and femoral bones in all group.. The serum concentration of CdCl_2 was significantly different across the three group. with time. There was significant variation( p.p.. The concentration of OH-p.oline was significantly different( p.p.. There were significant differences( p.p.osp.orus concentrations. Histology revealed high levels of bone mineralisation in the CdCl_2-treated group. indicative of osteop.rosis with hyp.rtrop.ied osteocytes, while the femur of Wistar rats treated with D-3-O-methyl-chiroinositol showed bone trabeculae and viable osteocytes. Conclusion : The study concluded that D-3-O-methyl-chiroinositol extract from p.liostigma thionningii stem bark ameliorated cadmium chloride-induced osteop.rosis in male Wistar rats.

关键词： cadmium chloride D-3-O-methyl-chiroinositol osteocytes osteop.rosis toxicity amelioration

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Unsustainable Land-Based Source p.llution in a Climate of Change: A Roadblock to the Conservation and Recovery of Elkhorn Coral <i>Acrop.ra p.lmata</i>(Lamarck 1816)

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Natural Resources 2014年第10期5卷 561-581页

作者： Geraldine Díaz-Ortega edwin A. Hernández-Delgado Center for Ap.lied Trop.cal Ecology and Conservation Coral Reef Research Group University of Puerto Rico San Juan Puerto Rico Dep.rtment of Biology University of Puerto Rico San Juan Puerto Rico Sociedad Ambiente Marino San Juan Puerto Rico Center for Ap.lied Trop.cal Ecology and Conservation Coral Reef Research Group University of Puerto Rico San Juan Puerto Rico Dep.rtment of Environmental Sciences University of Puerto Rico San Juan Puerto Rico Current Address: Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental Universidad de San Martín Buenos Aires Argentina

Chronic eutrop.ication and turbidity are critical detrimental factors imp.cting coral reef ecosystems, adversely affecting their ecological functions, services, benefits, and resilience across multip.e sp.tial scales and over p.olonged p.riods of time. Inadequate land use p.actices and lack of ap.rop.iate sewage treatment can adversely contribute to increase land-based source p.llution (LBSp. imp.cts in coastal waters and to magnify imp.cts by sea surface warming trends associated to climate change. Fringing coral reefs off Vega Baja, p.erto Rico, sup.ort extensive remnant p.tches of Elkhorn coral Acrop.ra p.lmata (Lamarck 1816), which was listed in 2006 as a threatened sp.cies under the US Endangered Sp.cies Act. Chronic imp.cts by LBSp.have significantly affected local downstream fringing reefs. We characterized the sp.tial extent of a water quality stress gradient across 12 reefs along the Vega Baja coast through monthly measurements of multip.e p.ysico-chemical p.rameters. Most p.rameters, p.rticularly p.4, , chlorop.yll-a, and the concentration of op.ical brighteners (OABs), showed a statistically significant increase (p.RMANOVA, p.p.llution sources, but also in waters adjacent to Cibuco River effluents. Dissolved oxygen also declined and turbidity increased on p.lluted sites. p.4, , and chlorop.yll-a, exceeded recommended concentrations for coral reef ecosystems by factors of 7 - 50 times, 600 - 1240 times, and 17 - 83 times, resp.ctively, dep.nding on the source of the effluents and the distance from sewage p.llution sources. Also, water turbidity exceeded 4 - 10 times the recommended value for p.istine coral reefs. Coral reefs showed significant decline in close p.oximity to the p.lluted zone, showing a significantly different benthic community structure (p.RMANOVA, p.p.rcent coral cover and abundance of A. p.lmata, showed a si

关键词： Acrop.ra p.lmata Coral Reef Decline Eutrop.ication Land-Based Source p.llution

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A Mixed Model Analysis of a Fertilizer Exp.riment on Oil p.lm in Nigeria

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Agricultural Sciences 2016年第8期7卷 521-530页

作者： edwin A. Iguodala Eghwerido Josep. Thomas Austin Edokp.yi Obilade Titilola Nigerian Institute for Oil p.lm Research Benin City Nigeria Dep.rtment of Mathematics and Comp.ter Science Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun Nigeria Dep.rtment of Mathematics Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria

Mixed model analysis p.ocedure was used to analyze the effect of fertilizer ap.lication on the Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) yield of oil p.lm. This was with a view to achieve the most ap.rop.iate and a robust model for analyzing yield resp.nse for fertilizer ap.lication in oil p.lm. In this study, a mixed model analysis p.ocedure was used to analyze yield data obtained from a fertilizer trial conducted between 1997 and 2005. In mixed effect model, rep.icates and years were used as block. In contrast the fixed effect ANOVA model usually lump.d up.rep.icates and years as a random error. In the model rep.icates were used as block with no block interaction, rep.icates as block with allowance for block-fertilizer interaction, years as block with allowance for block-fertilizer interaction, and years and rep.icates as block with allowance for year fertilizer and rep.icate-fertilizer interaction. Mixed model theory was also used to p.ovide the exp.icit descrip.ion of the design matrices in the models. Also, hyp.theses relevant to each model were formulated and used to test for sp.cific effects in the models such as, fixed p.rt, random p.rt and interacting p.rts using ap.rop.iate error terms as determined by the derived Exp.cted Mean Squares (EMS). The results revealed that at 5% significant level (p

关键词： Fixed Model Random Model Mixed Model Oil p.lm Fertilizer Trial

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Comp.rative analysis of Solanum stoloniferum resp.nses to p.obing by the green p.ach ap.id Myzus p.rsicae and the p.tato ap.id Macrosip.um eup.orbiae

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Insect Science 2013年第2期20卷 207-227页

作者： Adriana E. Alvarez Viviana G. Broglia Anahi M. Alberti D'Amato Doret Wouters edwin van der Vossen Elisa Garzo W. Fred Tjallingii Marcel Dicke Ben Vosman Laboratory of Entomology Wageningen University P.O. Box 8031 6700 EH 2Plant Breeding Wageningen UR P.O. Box 386 6700 AAWageningen The Netherlands p.ant Breeding Wageningen UR P.O. Box 386 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands

p.ants p.otect themselves against ap.id attacks by sp.cies-sp.cific de- fense mechanisms. p.eviously, we have shown that Solanum stoloniferum Schlechtd has resistance factors to Myzus p.rsicae Sulzer （Homop.era： Ap.ididae） at the ep.dermal/mesop.yll level that are not effective against Macrosip.um eup.orbiae Thomas （Homop.era： Ap.ididae）. Here, we comp.re the nymp.al mortality, the p.e-rep.oductive develop.ent time, and the p.obing behavior of M. p.rsicae and M. eup.orbiae on S. stoloniferum and Solanum tuberosum L. Furthermore, we analyze the changes in gene exp.ession in S. stoloniferum 96 hours p.st infestation by either ap.id sp.cies. Although the M. eup.orbiae p.obing behavior shows that ap.ids encounter more p.obing constrains on p.loem activities-longer p.obing and salivation time- on S. stoloniferum than on S. tuberosum, the ap.ids succeeded in reaching a sustained ingestion of p.loem sap.on both p.ants. p.obing by M. p.rsicae on S. stoloniferum p.ants resulted in limited feeding only. Survival of M. eup.orbiae and M. p.rsicae was affected on young leaves, but not on senescent leaves of S. stoloniferum. Infestation by M. eup.orbiae changed the exp.ession of more genes than M. p.rsicae did. At the systemic level both ap.ids elicited a weak resp.nse. Infestation orS. stoloniferum p.ants with a large number ofM. p.rsicae induced morp.ological changes in the leaves, leading to the develop.ent of p.stules that were caused by disrup.ed vascular p.renchyma and surrounding tissue. In contrast, an infesta- tion by M. eup.orbiae had no morp.ological effects. Both p.ant sp.cies can be regarded as good host for M. eup.orbiae, whereas only S. tuberosum is a good host for M. p.rsicae and S. stoloniferum is not. Infestation ofS. stoloniferum by M. p.rsicae or M. eup.orbiae changed the exp.ession of a set of p.ant genes sp.cific for each of the ap.ids as well as a set of common genes.

关键词： cDNA microarrays electrical p.netration grap. insect-p.ant interactions,Solanum tuberosum wild p.tato

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流体包裹体下

流体包裹体下

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1986年

作者：（美）edwin ROEDDER 卢焕章王卿铎等译

来源：汇雅图书（南通市图书馆... 评论

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p.rformances of local p.ultry breed fed black soldier fly larvae reared on horse manure

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第1期4卷 73-78页

作者： Nassim Moula Marie-Louise Scip.o Caroline Douny Guy Degand edwin Dawans Jean-Francois Cabaraux Jean-Luc Hornick Rudy C.Medigo p.scal Leroy Frederic Francis Johann Detilleux Fundamental and Ap.lied Research for Animal&Health Animal Production DepartmentFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Liege Fundamental and Ap.lied Research for Animal&Health Food Science DepartmentFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Liege Functional and Evolutionary Entomology Gembloux Agro-Bio TechUniversity of Liege

In p.ultry,feed based on maggots,like larvae of black soldier fly(Hermetia illucens) is an attractive op.ion to substitute current ingredients which are exp.nsive and often in direct or indirect comp.tition with human *** information is currently available on the utility of these larvae in p.ultry feed,so goals of this study were to determine whether larvae could be reared on horse manure under traditional farming conditions and to evaluate the growth p.rformances of a local p.ultry fed these larvae and the fatty acids p.ofiles of their *** freezing and thawing,larvae were introduced in the feed of Ardennaise chickens between 30 and 80 days of *** in the control group.received a commercial standard feed,while those in the treatment group.received the same commercial feed in which 8% was substituted with whole fresh larvae corresp.nding to 2% on a dry matter *** ± standard errors of larval length and weight were 20.67 ± 2.21 mm and 0.14 ± 0.02 g,*** larval p.rcentages of dry matter and of substances extractable in diethyl ether were 24.6% and 23.1%,*** fatty acids p.ofiles were p.edominantly comp.sed of lauric acid(28.1%) and p.lmitic acid(22.0%).Least squares means of weekly weights of chicken,adjusted for the effects of sex,rep.ication and initial weights,were significantly higher(p.p.ofiles,p.otein content and w6/w3 ratio.

关键词： Insect farming Chicken Local breed Growth p.rformance Meat quality Fatty acid p.ofile

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