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OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTRIC HOT WATER RECIRCULATION SYSTEMS FOR COMFORT,ENERGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH

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Journal of Green Building 2013年第2期8卷 73-89页

作者： Randi H.Brazeau Marc A.edwards Metropolitan State University of Denver Campus Box 22P.O.Box 173362DenverCOUSA 80202 Virginia Tech 418 Durham HallBlacksburgVAUSA 24060

Hot water recirculation systems(RECIRC)are labeled green and are sometimes mandated in local plumbing *** work conducted under non-optimized operation schemes demonstrated that these systems actually waste energy and water versus standard(STAND)water heater *** of RECIRC system operation by minimizing pump operation did improve energy efficiency 6-60%,saving consumers 5-140%annually in associated utility ***,STAND systems were still more energy efficient than any of the RECIRC *** respect to factors that might influence pathogen growth,reducing RECIRC pump operations increased disinfectant residual by as much as 560%as compared to the baseline RECIRC system;however,STAND systems still had 25-250%more total chlorine residual than any of the RECIRC *** 60℃operating temperature,STAND systems have 30-230%more volume at risk for pathogen growth(e.g.,volume with temp 37-46℃)than any of the RECIRC ***,in the context of“green”design,RECIRC systems provide a convenience to consumers in the form of nearly instant hot water,at a cost of higher capital,operating and overall energy *** systems have distinct advantages in controlling pathogens via thermal disinfection but disadvantages in control via secondary disinfection residual.

关键词： Water heaters energy efficiency water-energy nexus green energy premise plumbing temperature profiles

Variation in the plant-mediated methane transport and its importance for methane emission from intact wetland peat mesocosms

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第4期6卷 298-304页

作者： Gurbir S.Bhullar Peter J.edwards Harry Olde Venterink Institute of Integrative Biology ETH ZurichUniversitätstrasse 168092 ZurichSwitzerland

Aims and Methods Vascular plants are known to influence the production,transport and oxidation of methane in wetland soils,but these processes are not well *** plants grown in intact peat cores,we compared the influence upon methane emissions of 20 forb and graminoid species from European *** measured plant-mediated transport of methane(conduit or chimney effect)using a novel agar-sealing technique that prevented methane exchange from the bare soil to the *** Findings the plant-mediated transport(chimney effect)represented between 30%and almost 100%of the total methane flux,with graminoids exhibiting greater internal transport than *** general,plants with less dense root tissues and a relatively larger root volume exhibited a larger chimney *** species(12 out of 20)signif-icantly reduced methane emissions compared to bare soil and only one species,Succisa pratensis,increased *** suggest that characterising vegetation in terms of plant functional traits and plant processes offers an effective method for estimating methane emis-sions from ***,we found no correlation between the magnitude of the chimney effect and the overall influence of different plant species on methane *** introducing a useful tool to study plant-mediated transport,this work suggests that characterising vegetation in terms of functional traits could improve estimates of methane emissions from wetlands,which in turn could help in designing mitigation strategies.

关键词： functional group graminoid forb agar-sealing conduit gas transportreceived

Photosynthesis,Metabolite Composition and Anatomical Structure of Oryza sativa and Two Wild Relatives,*** and ***

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Rice science 2017年第4期24卷 218-227页

作者： Jwakyung SUNG Suyeon LEE Jong-Wook CHUNG Gerald edwards Hojin RYU Taewan KIM National Institute of Agricultural Science Rural Development Administration(RDA)WanjuJeollabu-do 55365Korea Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology Chungbuk National UniversityCheongju 28644Korea School of Biological Science Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164-4236USA Department of Biology Chungbuk National UniversityCheongju 28644Korea Department of Plant Resources and Science and Institute of Ecological Phytochemistry Hankyung National UniversityAnseong 17579Korea

Photosynthesis, enzyme activities and metabolite pools associated with primary carbon metabolism in leaves were studied in O. grandiglumis and O. alta （wild relatives of rice which produce high biomass） versus O. sativa （a japonica cultivar and a indica-japonica hybrid） to assess their potential for identifying traits which might be utilized to enhance rice productivity. The wild relatives had higher rates of photosynthesis on a fresh weight basis, and higher water use efficiency than the O. sativa lines. There were no striking differences in activities of a number of key enzymes in carbon and nitrogen metabolism between the wild relatives and cultivated rice lines. Along with higher rates of photosynthesis on a fresh weight basis, the leaves of the two wild species had higher nitrate content, higher levels of starch, glucose and fructose, and higher levels of organic acids （malate, succinate and acetate）, compared to the O. sativa lines. The results suggested that O. grandiglumis and O. alta have differences in physiology and primary metabolism which might be exploited to improve growth and productivity of cultivated rice.

关键词： carbohydrate photosynthesis rate nitrogen assimilation metabolite composition leaf rice wild relative

Learning from Neighbors and Differentiating Export Quality

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China & World Economy 2024年第4期32卷 1-32页

作者： Qiming Liu Bin Qiu Huw edwards Bo Gao School of Economics and Management Southeast UniversityChina Business school Loughborough UniversityUK

This paper explores how learning from neighboring firms affects new exporters' product quality. It builds a Bayesian learning model to study how new exporters revise their prior beliefs about foreign customers' preferences for product quality from neighboring pioneering exporters. The model shows that a new exporter improves its product quality when it receives a positive quality-preference signal from its neighbors. The learning process of a firm depends on the number of neighbors, the level and heterogeneity of their export quality, and its own prior knowledge of the market. Highly disaggregated firm–product–country level transaction data provide robust evidence for this. The results also suggest that the impact of neighboring signals on a new exporter's quality can be channeled through the importation of high-quality intermediate inputs and more fixed investment. Learning effects are heterogeneous across firms and learning can influence other aspects of export performance.

关键词： Bayesian learning export quality information spillovers uncertainty

WATER AND ENERGY SAVINGS FROM ON-DEMAND AND HOT WATER RECIRCULATING SYSTEMS

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Journal of Green Building 2013年第1期8卷 75-89页

作者： Randi H.Brazeau Marc A.edwards Metropolitan State University of Denver DenverCOUSA 80217 Virginia Tech 418 Durham HallBlacksburgVAUSA 24060

Electric hot water recirculation and on-demand instant hot water systems have been identified as“green”water systems due to purported energy and water savings,and some municipalities and districts even require green systems in *** performance of these devices have never been rigorously tested and *** work aims to address that gap by conducting a comparative,head-to-head study evaluating energy efficiency,temperature profiles and consumer issues such as cost and quality of system for two“green”water heating systems as compared to a standard water *** only did the standard system outperform the hot water recirculation system with respect to temperature profile during flushing,but the standard system also operated with 32-36%more energy *** the recirculation system did in fact save some water at the tap,when factoring in the energy efficiency reductions and associated water demand,recirculation systems actually consumed up to 7 gallons more water per day and cost consumers more ***-demand systems operate with virtually 100%energy efficiency,but cannot be used in many circumstances dependent on scaling and incoming water temperature,and may require expensive upgrades to home electrical systems and use of low/ultra low flow *** additional research is necessary to better understand nuances of electric water heating in the context of the water-energy nexus,this research provides a first step for rational decision making by regulators,public health officials,manufacturers and consumers.

关键词： water heaters energy efficiency water-energy nexus green energy premise plumbing temperature profile

Response of native and exotic longhorn beetles to common pheromone components provides partial support for the pheromone-free space hypothesis

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Insect Science 2021年第3期28卷 793-810页

作者： Davide Rassati Matteo Marchioro Leah Flaherty Riccardo Poloni Sara edwards Massimo Faccoli Jon Sweeney Department of Agronomy FoodNatural ResourcesAnimals and Environment(DAFNAE)University of PaduaPadovaItaly Department of Biological Sciences MacEwan UniversityEdmontonAlbertaCanada Department of Biology University of PaduaPadovaItaly Forest Protection Limited Fredericton International AirportLincolnNew BrunswickCanada Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service-Atlantic Forestry CentreFrederictonNew BrunswickCanada

Longhorn beetles are among the most important groups of invasive forest in-sects *** parallel,they represent one of the most well-studied insect groups interms of chemical *** beetle aggregation-sex pheromones are commonlyused as trap lures for specific and generic surveillance programs at points of entry andmay play a key role in determining the success or failure of exotic species *** exotic species might be more likely to establish in a novel habitat if it relies on apheromone channel that is different to that of native species active at the same time of yearand day,allowing for unhindered mate location(i.e.,pheromone-free space hypothesis).Inthis study,we first tested the attractiveness of single pheromone components(i.e.,racemic3-hydroxyhexan-2-one,racemic 3-hydroxyoctan-2-one,and syn-2,3-hexanediol),and theirbinary and tertiary combinations,to native and exotic longhorn beetle species in Canadaand ***,we exploited trap catches to determine their seasonal flight ***,we used pheromone-baited"timer traps"to determine longhorn beetle daily *** response to single pheromones and their combinations was mostly speciesspecific but the combination of more than one pheromone component allowed catch ofmultiple species simultancously in *** response of the exotic species to pheromonecomponents,coupled with results on seasonal and daily flight activity,provided partialsupport for the pheromone-free space *** study aids in the understanding oflonghorn beetle chemical ecology and confirms that pheromones can play a key role inlonghorn beetle invasions.

关键词： Cerambycidae Cerambycinae invasion process surveillance trapping

The afterlives of rape in medieval English literature

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MAKING MAJOR RETAIL ESTABLISHMENTS SUSTAINABLE:THE CASE OF THE MALL AT ROBINSON

作者： (1975-)edwards Suzanne M.

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Journal of Green Building 2007年第4期2卷 14-22页

作者： Matthew M.Mehalik Court Gould Beth edwards Sustainable Pittsburgh 425 Sixth AvenueSuite 1335PittsburghPA 15261 Sustainable Pittsburgh The Mall at Robinson

INTRODUCTION This case serves as a leadership example of what is initially possible for existing mall retail establishments regarding *** discussion consists of a case study of how a multidisciplinary team of Pittsburgh-regional experts conducted a comprehensive analysis using a systems approach[1]to identify and provide recommendations for sustainable business solutions to benefit a large retail shopping mall in the Pittsburgh Region,The Mall at *** convening organization for this project was Sustainable *** from the assessment include solutions that will save or make money and increase the mall’s effectiveness and resource *** impacts include recommendations for becoming better stewards of the environment and community and increasing the mall’s public *** project approach has been to focus on opportunities for continuous improvement where the interests of people,business,and environment meet.

关键词： Sustainable CASE shopping

Voicing voluntary childlessness

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Voicing voluntary childlessness