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The acceleration of a high-charge electron bunch to 10 GeV in a 10-cm nanoparticle-assisted wakefield accelerator

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第1期9卷 15-24页

作者： Constantin Aniculaesei Thanh Ha Samuel Yoffe lance labun Stephen Milton edward McCary Michael M.Spinks Hernan J.Quevedo Ou Z.labun Ritwik Sain Andrea Hannasch Rafal Zgadzaj Isabella Pagano Jose A.Franco-Altamirano Martin l.Ringuette Erhart Gaul Scott V.luedtke Ganesh Tiwari Bernhard Ersfeld Enrico Brunetti Hartmut Ruhl Todd Ditmire Sandra Bruce Michael E.Donovan Michael C.Downer Dino A.Jaroszynski Bjorn Manuel Hegelich University of Texas at Austin AustinTexas 78712USA SUPA Department of Physics University of StrathclydeGlasgowScotland G4 ONGUnited Kingdom Tau Systems Inc.AustinTexas 78701USA lawrence livermore National laboratory LivermoreCalifornia 94550USA los Alamos National laboratory Los AlamosNew Mexico 87545USA Brookhaven National laboratory UptonNew York 11973USA ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MunichGermany

An intense laser pulse focused onto a plasma can excite nonlinear plasma *** appropriate conditions,electrons from the background plasma are trapped in the plasma wave and accelerated to ultra-relativistic *** scheme is called a laser wakefield *** this work,we present results from a laser wakefield acceleration experiment using a petawatt-class laser to excite the wakefields as well as nanoparticles to assist the injection of electrons into the accelerating phase of the *** find that a 10-cm-long,nanoparticle-assisted laser wakefield accelerator can generate 340 pC,10±1.86 GeV electron bunches with a 3.4 GeV rms convolved energy spread and a 0.9 mrad rms *** can also produce bunches with lower energies in the 4–6 GeV range.

关键词： acceleration nanoparticle charge

Plastic multilayered closure versus orthopedic surgeon closure after spinal instrumentation in pediatric neuromuscular scoliosis

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2023年第1期6卷 30-35页

作者： Ekene U Ezeokoli Poornima l Tamma Neritan Borici Ifeoma Inneh edward P Buchanan Brian G Smith Department of Orthopedic Surgery Texas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA Baylor College of Medicine HoustonTexasUSA Department of Plastic Surgery Texas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA Department of Orthopedic Surgery Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA

Objective To compare wound complication rates between orthopedic closure(OC)and plastic multilayered closure(PMC)in patients undergoing primary posterior spinal fusion for neuromuscular scoliosis(NMS).We hypothesize that multilayered closure will be associated with better postoperative *** We collected data on pediatric patients diagnosed with NMS who underwent first time spinal instrumentation between 1 January 2018 and 31 May *** demographics,length of surgery,spinal levels fused and operative variables,wound complication rate,treatments,and need for wound washout were reviewed in depth and *** In total,86 patients were reviewed:46 with OC and 40 with *** was a significant increase in operating room(OR)time with PMC compared with OC(6.7±1.2 vs 7.3±1.3,p=0.016).There was no difference in complication rate,mean postoperative day of complication or unplanned return to the OR for OC and PMC,*** was a slightly significant increase in the number of patients going home with a drain in the PMC cohort compared with the OC cohort(2.1%vs 15%,p=0.046).Conclusions PMC demonstrated longer OR times than OC and did not demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in wound complications or unplanned returns to the ***,other studies have demonstrated statistical and clinical significance with these *** programs should review internal patient volumes and outcomes for spinal fusion in NMS patients and consider if PMC after spinal fusions in pediatric patients with NMS or other scoliosis subtypes is an appropriate option in their institution to minimize postoperative wound complications.

关键词： wound pediatric closure

Vapor-phase decomposition of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP),a sarin surrogate,in presence of metal oxides

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第4期17卷 1095-1114页

作者： Shomik Mukhopadhyay Mirko Schoenitz edward l.Dreizin New Jersey Institute of Technology NewarkNJUSA

Chemical warfare agents(CWA)are stockpiled in large quantities across the *** stored in inaccessible facilities need to be destroyed rapidly without dispersing the compounds to surrounding ***-based energetic formulations are used in such prompt defeat applications to rapidly decompose the CWA by generating a high temperature *** alternate,and possibly a more effective decomposition pathway could be provided by chemicidal action of aerosolized condensed combustion products,which typically consist of metal *** fumes that escape the high temperature blast zone can be neutralized by smoke generated during combustion,depending on the particle size,surface characteristics,chemical properties,and concentration of this *** review considers relevant experimental and modeling studies quantifying decomposition of CWA comprising organophosphorus compounds and their surrogates on the surface of various metal *** methylphosphonate(DMMP),a sarine surrogate,was used most commonly for such *** reported efforts focused on the mechanisms of adsorption of DMMP to various metal oxides and initial reaction steps cleaving various bonds from the chemisorbed *** selected oxides,these experiments were supported by quantum-mechanical *** other studies,the capacity of oxide surfaces to adsorb and decompose DMMP was *** most cases,porous catalysts were used although limited experimental data are available for aerosolized nonporous oxide *** reported experimental data applicable to scenarios involving prompt decomposition of CWA are *** is noted that information is lacking describing respective heterogeneous reaction *** estimates of aerosolized smoke particle concentrations required to destroy CWA are made considering gas phase diffusion rates and reported values of the oxide capacity to decompose CWA or their surrogates.

关键词： Chemical weapon agents Prompt defeat Metal combustion Heterogeneous reactions

Systemic Il-27 administration prevents abscess formation and osteolysis via local neutrophil recruitment and activation

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Bone Research 2022年第4期10卷 826-837页

作者： Yugo Morita Motoo Saito Javier Rangel-Moreno Anthony M.Franchini John R.Owen John C.Martinez John l.Daiss Karen l.de Mesy Bentley Stephen l.Kates edward M.Schwarz Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan Center for Musculoskeletal Research University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA Division of Allergy Immunology and RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA Department of Environmental Medicine University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNYUSA Department of Orthopedic Surgery Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA Department of Orthopedics University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA Department of Pathology and laboratory Medicine University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA

Interleukin-27 is a pleiotropic cytokine whose functions during bacterial infections remain controversial,and its role in patients with *** osteomyelitis is *** address this knowledge gap,we completed a clinical study and observed elevated serum Il-27 levels(20-fold higher,Plthy ***,Il-27 serum levels were 60-fold higher in patients immediately following septic death than in uninfected patients(Ple of *** test this hypothesis,we evaluated *** osteomyelitis in WT and Il-27Rα^(−/−)mice with and without exogenous Il27 induction by intramuscular injection of rAAV-Il-27p28 or rAAV-GFP,*** found that Il-27 was induced at the surgical site within 1 day of *** infection of bone and was expressed by M0,M1 and M2 macrophages and osteoblasts but not by ***,exogenous Il-27p28(~2 ng·ml^(−1) in serum)delivery ameliorated soft tissue abscesses and periimplant bone loss during infection,accompanied by enhanced local Il-27 expression,significant accumulation of RORγt^(+)neutrophils at the infection site,a decrease in RANK^(+) cells,and compromised osteoclast *** effects were not observed in Il-27Rα^(−/−)mice compared with WT mice,suggesting that Il-27 is dispensable for immunity but mediates redundant immune and bone cell functions during *** vitro studies and bulk RNA-seq of infected tibiae showed that Il-27 increased nos1,nos2,il17α,il17f,and rorc expression but did not directly stimulate ***,these results identify a novel phenomenon of Il-27 expression by osteoblasts immediately following *** infection of bone and suggest a protective role of systemic Il-27 in osteomyelitis.

关键词： abscess protective immunity

Rapid destruction of sarin surrogates by gas phase reactions with focus on diisopropyl methylphosphonate(DIMP)

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第3期17卷 703-714页

作者： Elif Irem Senyurt Mirko Schoenitz edward l.Dreizin New Jersey Institute of Technology NewarkNJ07102USA Tomsk State University TomskRussia

Rapid destruction of stockpiles of sarin and other chemical weapon agents(CWA)requires understanding and quantitative description of the relevant chemical *** reactions at elevated temperatures are of particular interest for prompt agent defeat *** methylphosphonate(DIMP)is a sarin surrogate particularly well suited to model sarin thermal decomposition and is often used in *** article is a review of different experimental methods addressing decomposition of gasified DIMP,respective results and their *** early decomposition products are propene,methylphosphonic acid,methyl(oxo)phosphoniumolate,and *** computational work using available kinetic data for fluorine and the phosphorus-fluorine bond predicted the decomposition under incineration *** using an isothermal flow reactor operated at 700-800 K were used to model DIMP decomposition as unimolecular reaction with results that were consistent with the earlier theoretical *** in dynamic environments was studied using DIMP supported on rapidly heated *** results showed different decomposition products and product sequences forming at different heating rates,suggesting the need for revised reaction ***,species quantification in such experiments is difficult because of inherent large temperature *** produced in a corona discharge was also reported to lead to rapid DIMP decomposition at low *** products were distinct from those observed at high *** tube experiments may be well suited to study decomposition of organophosphorus compounds like DIMP following their rapid heating in diverse ***,presently,only sarin surrogates other than DIMP have been investigated,and no intermediate reaction products,important for developing a validated mechanism,could be detected.

关键词： Chemical weapon agent Agent defeat Thermal decomposition Incineration Prompt reactions

The ascent of immune checkpoint inhibitors： is the understudy ready for a leading role？

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2017年第4期14卷 341-347页

作者： Amy l. Cummings edward B. Garon Department of Hematology and Oncology David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles 90095 USA

The recent approval of pembrolizumab as second-line treatment for any solid tumor with high-level microsatellite instability or mismatch repair deficiency agnostic of tissue and origin1 has shattered a glass ceiling for immune checkpoint *** longer bound to a specific cancer diagnosis but rather a biomarker,pembrolizumab has heightened a burgeoning optimism towards the drug *** how these agents should carve out additional

关键词： PD The ascent of immune checkpoint inhibitors:is the understudy ready for a leading role PFS OS ORR IHC

High energy neutron and pion-decay gamma-ray emissions from solar flares

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Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2009年第1期9卷 11-40页

作者： edward l.Chupp James M.Ryan Physics Department and Space Science Center in the Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and Space University of New Hampshire

Solar flare gamma-ray emissions from energetic ions and electrons have been detected and measured to GeV energies since 1980. In addition, neutrons produced in solar flares with 100 MeV to GeV energies have been observed at the Earth. These emissions are produced by the highest energy ions and electrons accelerated at the Sun and they provide our only direct （albeit secondary） knowledge about the properties of the accelerator（s） acting in a solar flare. The solar flares, which have direct evidence for pion-decay gamma-rays, are unique and are the focus of this paper. We review our current knowledge of the highest energy solar emissions, and how the characteristics of the acceleration process are deduced from the observations. Results from the RHESSI, INTEGRAl and CORONAS missions will also be covered. The review will also cover the solar flare capabilities of the new mission, FERMI GAMMA RAY SPACE TElESCOPE, launched on 2008 June II. Finally, we discuss the requirements for future missions to advance this vital area of solar flare physics.

关键词： Sun -- Flares -- Particle Acceleration-Meson Production

Differential Splicing of Skipped Exons Predicts Drug Response in Cancer Cell lines

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2021年第6期19卷 901-912页

作者： edward Simpson Steven Chen Jill l.Reiter Yunlong liu Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202USA Department of BioHealth Informatics School of Informatics and ComputingIndiana University-Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolisIN 46202USA Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202USA

Alternative splicing of pre-mRNA transcripts is an important regulatory mechanism that increases the diversity of gene products in *** studies have linked specific transcript isoforms to altered drug response in cancer;however,few algorithms have incorporated splicing information into drug response *** this study,we evaluated whether basal-level splicing information could be used to predict drug sensitivity by constructing doxorubicin-sensitivity classification models with splicing and expression *** detailed splicing differences between sensitive and resistant cell lines by implementing quasi-binomial generalized linear modeling(QBGlM)and found altered inclusion of 277 skipped *** additionally conducted RNA-binding protein(RBP)binding motif enrichment and differential ex-pression analysis to characterize cis-and trans-acting elements that potentially influence doxorubicin response-mediating splicing *** results showed that a classification model built with skipped exon data exhibited strong predictive *** discovered an association between differentially spliced events and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and observed motif enrichment,as well as differential expression of RBFOX and ElAVl RBP family *** work demonstrates the potential of incorporating splicing data into drug response algorithms and the utility of a QBGlM approach for fast,scalable identification of relevant splicing differences between large groups of samples.

关键词： Alternative splicing Transcript isoform Splicing regulation Drug sensitivity Precision medicine

Real-time embedded multithreading: using ThreadX and MIPS Pap/Cdr

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