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Structural and Mechanistic Aspects of Mn-oxo and Co-based Compounds in Water Oxidation Catalysis and Potential Applications in Solar Fuel Production

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第8期52卷 704-711页

作者： harvey j.M.Hou Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Massachusetts Dartmouth North Dartmouth

To address the issues of energy crisis and global warming, novel renewable carbon-free or carbon-neutral energy sources must be identified and developed. A deeper understanding of photosynthesis is the key to provide a solid foundation to facilitate this transformation. To mimic the water oxidation of photosystem II oxygen evolving complex, Mn-oxo complexes and Co-phosphate catalytic material were discovered in solar energy storage. Building on these discoveries, recent advances in solar energy conversion showed a compelling working principle by combing the active Mn-oxo and Co-based catalysts in water splitting with semiconductor heteronanostructures for effective solar energy harnessing. In this review the appealing systems including Mn-oxo tetramer/Nafion, Mn-oxo dimer/TiO2, Mn-oxo oligomer/WO3, Co-Pi/Fe2O3, and Co-Pi/ZnO are summarized and discussed. These accomplishments offer a promising framework and have a profound impact in the field of solar fuel production.

关键词： Mn Structural and Mechanistic Aspects of Mn-oxo and Co-based Compounds in Water Oxidation Catalysis and Potential Applications in Solar Fuel Production II Figure

Advances in shape measurement in the digital world

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Particuology 2016年第3期14卷 19-31页

作者： Xiaodong jia edward j. Garboczi School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of Leeds Leeds IS2 9JT. UK Material Measurement Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology Boulder CO 80305. USA

The importance of particle shape in terms of its effects on the behaviour of powders and other particulate systems has long been recognised, but particle shape information has been rather difficult to obtain and use until fairly recently, unlike its better-known counterpart, particle size. However, advances in computing power and 3D image acquisition and analysis techniques have resulted in major progress being made in the measurement, description and application of particle shape information in recent years. Because we are now in a digital era, it is fitting that many of these advanced techniques are based on digital technology. This review article aims to trace the development of these new techniques, highlight their contributions to both academic and practical applications, and present a perspective for future developments.

关键词： Particle shape Digital methods Shape measurement Spherical harmonics X-ray tomography

Evolution of breast cancer therapeutics: Breast tumour kinase's role in breast cancer and hope for breast tumour kinase targeted therapy

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World journal of Clinical Oncology 2014年第3期5卷 299-310页

作者： Haroon A Hussain Amanda j harvey Brunel Institute for Cancer Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Biosciences Brunel University (London)

There have been significant improvements in the detection and treatment of breast cancer in recent decades. However, there is still a need to develop more effective therapeutic techniques that are patient specific with reduced toxicity leading to further increases in patients' overall survival; the ongoing progress in understanding recurrence, resistant and spread also needs to be maintained. Better understanding of breast cancer pathology, molecular biology and progression as well as identification of some of the underlying factors involved in breast cancer tumourgenesis and metastasis has led to the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Over a number of years interest has risen in breast tumour kinase(Brk) also known as protein tyrosine kinase 6; the research field has grown and Brk has been described as a desirable therapeutic target in relation to tyrosine kinase inhibition as well as disruption of its kinase independent activity. This review will outline the current "state of play" with respect to targeted therapy for breast cancer, as well as discussing Brk's role in the processes underlying tumour development and metas-tasis and its potential as a therapeutic target in breast cancer.

关键词： Breast tumour kinase Protein tyrosine kinase 6 Breast neoplasms Targeted molecular therapy Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins Protein kinase inhibitors

CD4^＋ T-cell dependence of primary CD8^＋ T-cell response against vaccinia virus depends upon route of infection and viral dose

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2016年第1期13卷 82-93页

作者： Zhuting Hu Michael j Molloy edward j Usherwood _Department of Microbiology and Immunology Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Lebanon NH USA

CD4^＋ T-cell help （CD4 help） plays a pivotal role in CD8^＋ T-cell responses against viral infections. However, the role in primary CD8^＋ T-cell responses remains controversial. We evaluated the effects of infection route and viral dose on primary CD8^＋ T-cell responses to vaccinia virus （VACV） in MHC class II^-/- mice. CD4 help deficiency diminished the generation of VACV-specific CD8^＋ T cells after intraperitoneal （i.p.） but not after intranasal （i.n.） infection. A large viral dose could not restore normal expansion of VACV-specific CD8^＋ T cells in i.p. infected MHC II-/- mice. In contrast, dependence on CD4 help was observed in i.n. infected MHC II-/- mice when a small viral dose was used. These data suggested that primary CD8~ T-cell responses are less dependent on CD4 help in i.n. infection compared to i.p. infection. Activated CD8~ T cells produced more I FN-y, TNF-a and granzyme B in i.n. infected mice than those in i.p. infected mice, regardless of CD4 help. IL-2 signaling via CD25 was not necessary to drive expansion of VACV-specific CD8~ T cells in i.n. infection, but it was crucial in i.p. infection. VACV-specific CD8^＋ T cells underwent increased apoptosis in the absence of CD4 help, but proliferated normally and had cytotoxic potential, regardless of infection route. Our results indicate that route of infection and viral dose are two determinants for CD4 help dependence, and intranasal infection induces more potent effector CD8^＋ T cells than i.D. infection.

关键词： CD4 help MHC II^-/- mice primary CD8^+ T-cell response vaccinia virus

A route to enhanced performance for the petawatt beamlines of the Orion laser facility

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2022年第3期10卷 11-18页

作者： E.j.harvey AWE AldermastonReadingRG74PRUK

The Orion laser facility at AWE provides multiple beams to target delivering synchronized pulses at both nanosecond and sub-picosecond *** the latter,the peak power approaches the petawatt *** paper presents a conceptual design for potential development of these *** would deliver a significant enhancement of performance at the fundamental *** addition,a new approach is described for the management of frequency conversion at high intensity,which may allow significantly enhanced performance at the second harmonic also.

关键词： chirped pulse amplification frequency doubling temporal contrast

Roles of manganese in photosystem II dynamics to irradiations and temperatures

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Frontiers in Biology 2013年第3期8卷 312-322页

作者： Xuejing HOU harvey j. M. HOU Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Massachusetts Dartmouth North Dartmouth MA 02747 USA Department of Physical Sciences Alabama State University Montgomery AL 36104 USA

The most amazing chemistry is the light-driven water splitting reaction occurred in the oxygen-evolving complex of phototsystem II in higher plants, green algae, and cyanobacteria. Mn, in the form of Mn4CaOs cluster in photosystem II, is responsible for the catalytic water splitting reaction as well as plays roles in photosystem II dynamics to irradiation and temperatures. Manganese hypothesis of UV-initiated photoinhibition as a direct target is established, and thermal inactivation of photosystem II involves the valence and structural changes of manganese. Recent progresses in understanding the roles of manganese in photoinhibition especially under UV light and in thermal inactivation including elevated temperatures using synthetic models and native PS II complexes are summarized and evaluated. Potential problems and possible solutions are discussed and presented.

关键词： photosynthesis manganese photosystem II irradiation temperature stress

Azoospermia:vasal agenesis

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Asian journal of Andrology 2022年第1期24卷 1-4页

作者： j Sam Fisher edward D Kim Department of Urology University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37920USA

SPECIFIC GENETIC TESTS(CFTR AND INTRON 8 SPLICE VARIANT TESTING)AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE Congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens(CBAVD)and cystic fibrosis(CF)began as separate entities with an apparent clinical *** occurs in 1%–2%of men presenting with infertility at urological departments and has an incidence of 1:1000–1:2000 in Caucasian *** example of this anatomic variant is shown in Figure 1.

关键词： correlation. clinical Figure

Power-Sharing Enhancement Using Harmonized Membership Fuzzy Logic Droop Control Based Micro-Grid

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第5期36卷 1395-1415页

作者： W.j.Praiselin j.Belwin edward School of Electrical Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyVellore632014TamilnaduIndia

The contribution of Renewable Energy Resources(RER)in the process of power generation is signiﬁcantly high in the recent days since it paves the way for overcoming the issues like serious energy crisis and natural *** paper deals with the renewable energy based micro-grid as it is regarded as the apt solution for integrating the RER with the electrical *** theﬁxed droop coefﬁcients in conventional droop control approaches have caused various limitations like low power-sharing and sudden drops of grid voltage in the Direct Current(DC)side,the Harmonized Membership Fuzzy Logic(MFL)droop control is employed in this present *** proposed droop control for the hybrid PV-wind-battery system with MFL assists in achieving proper power-sharing and minimizing Total Harmonic Distortion(THD)in the emer-gency *** eradicates the deviations in voltage and frequency with itsﬂexible and robust *** THD is reduced and attains the value of 3.1%compared to the traditional droop *** simulation results of harmo-nized MFL droop control are analogized with the conventional approaches to vali-date the performance of the proposed *** addition,the experimental results provided by the Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA)based laboratory setup built using a solar photovoltaic(PV)and wind Permanent Magnet Synchro-nous Generator(PMSG)reafﬁrms the design.

关键词： Micro-grid harmonized droop control fuzzy power-sharing total harmonic distortion

Methane production from Sargassum muticum:effects of seasonality and of freshwater washes

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Energy and Built Environment 2021年第3期2卷 235-242页

作者： Supattra Maneein john j.Milledge Patricia j.harvey Birthe V.Nielsen Algae Biotechnology University of GreenwichChatham MaritimeME44TBUK

Biogas production from Sargassum muticum,an invasive seaweed species to Europe,is hampered by low methane(CH_(4))yields during anaerobic digestion(AD),but causes are *** research is the first to demonstrate the impact of extensive freshwater washing of spring-and summer-harvested *** on the CH_(4)production rates and the biochemical methane potential(BMP).The findings reveal that the rate profile of CH_(4)production is affected by extensively washing the seaweed and is dependent on ***-harvested *** had higher initial CH_(4)production rates compared to summer-harvested *** spring-harvested ***,the initial rate of CH_(4)production was lowered by extensive *** contrast,extensively washed summer-harvested *** had a higher degradation rate and CH_(4)production rate relative to its non-extensively washed *** highest CH_(4)potentials accumulated by the treated and non-treated *** are,however,statistically similar and not influenced by seasonality or extensive washing(p>0.05).Potential causes for differences in the rate of CH_(4)production between summer-and spring-harvested *** are *** differences in CH_(4)production from treated summer-and spring-harvested *** acts as a stepping stone to understanding the causes for low CH_(4)yields,which could allow for further enhancements in CH_(4)production from ***.

关键词： Seaweed Biogas Biofuels Seasonality Washing