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Identification of novel mammalian viruses in tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri chinensis)

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Identifying the Risk of SARS-coV-2 Infection and Environmental Monitoring in Airborne Infectious Isolation Rooms(AIIRs)

动物学研究 2024年第2期 429页

作者： Hong Zhou Ren-Rong Tian Xiu-Rong Wang Jin-Xuan Yang Yun-Xiao Wang Ming-Liang Zhao Xu-Dong Zhang Yu-Hua Ma Long-Bao Lv edward c.holmes Yong-Tang Zheng Wei-Feng Shi

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Virologica Sinica 2020年第6期35卷 785-792页

作者： Zhi-Gang Song Yan-Mei chen Fan Wu Lin Xu Bang-Fang Wang Lei Shi Xiao chen Fa-Hui Dai Jia-Lei She Jian-Min chen edward cholmes Tong-Yu Zhu Yong-Zhen Zhang Shanghai Public Health clinical center State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringSchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 201508China college of Marine Sciences South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia

Healthcare workers(HcWs)are at high risk of occupational exposure to the new pandemic human coronavirus,SARScoV-2,and are a source of nosocomial transmission in airborne infectious isolation rooms(AIIRs).Here,we performed comprehensive environmental contamination surveillance to evaluate the risk of viral transmission in AIIRs with 115 rooms in three buildings at the Shanghai Public Health clinical center,Shanghai,during the treatment of 334 patients infected with *** results showed that the risk of airborne transmission of SARS-coV-2 in AIIRs was low(1.62%,25/1544)due to the directional airflow and strong environmental hygiene ***,we detected viral RNA on the surface of foot-operated openers and bathroom sinks in AIIRs(viral load:55.00–3154.50 copies/mL).This might be a source of contamination to connecting corridors and object surfaces through the footwear and gloves used by *** risk of infection was eliminated by the use of disposable footwear covers and the application of more effective environmental and personal hygiene *** the help of effective infection control procedures,none of 290 HcWs was infected when working in the AIIRs at this *** study has provided information pertinent for infection control in AIIRs during the treatment of cOVID-19 patients.

关键词： SARS-coV-2 cOVID-19 Nosocomial transmission AIIRs Environmental sampling

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Viral respiratory infections among Hajj pilgrims in 2013

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Virologica Sinica 2014年第6期29卷 364-371页

作者： Osamah Barasheed Harunor Rashid Mohammad Alfelali Mohamed Tashani Mohammad Azeem Hamid Bokhary Nadeen Kalantan Jamil Samkari Leon Heron Jen Kok Janette Taylor Haitham El Bashir Ziad A.Memish Elizabeth Haworth edward c.holmes Dominic E Dwyer Atif Asghar Robert Booy National centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NcIRS) The Children’s Hospital at WestmeadNSWAustralia Department of Family and community Medicine Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityRabighSaudi Arabia The custodian of the two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkahSaudi Arabia King Abdulaziz Medical city JeddahSaudi Arabia centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services Westmead HospitalNSWAustralia Hamad Medical corporation DohaQatar Ministry of Health RiyadhSaudi Arabia Menzies Research Institute Tasmania HobartTasmaniaAustralia Sydney Medical School The University of SydneyNSWAustralia Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity The University of SydneyNSWAustralia

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-co V) has emerged in the Arabian Gulf region, with its epicentre in Saudi Arabia, the host of the ‘Hajj' which is the world's the largest mass gathering. Transmission of MERS-co V at such an event could lead to its rapid worldwide dissemination. Therefore, we studied the frequency of viruses causing influenza-like illnesses(ILI) among participants in a randomised controlled trial at the Hajj 2013. We recruited 1038 pilgrims from Saudi Arabia, Australia and Qatar during the first day of Hajj and followed them closely for four days. A nasal swab was collected from each pilgrim who developed ILI. Respiratory viruses were detected using multiplex RT-PcR. ILI occurred in 112/1038(11%) pilgrims. Their mean age was 35 years, 49(44%) were male and 35(31%) had received the influenza vaccine pre-Hajj. Forty two(38%) pilgrims had laboratory-confirmed viral infections; 28(25%) rhinovirus, 5(4%) influenza A, 2(2%) adenovirus, 2(2%) human coronavirus Oc43/229 E, 2(2%) parainfluenza virus 3, 1(1%) parainfluenza virus 1, and 2(2%) dual infections. No MERS-co V was detected in any sample. Rhinovirus was the commonest cause of ILI among Hajj pilgrims in 2013. Infection control and appropriate vaccination are necessary to prevent transmission of respiratory viruses at Hajj and other mass gatherings.

关键词： Hajj influenza-like illness mass gathering MERS-coV pilgrim respiratory infections

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从基因组学角度看SARS-coV-2的起源和出现

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上海医药 2020年第S1期 56-56页

作者：张永振 edward c.holmes 上海市公共卫生临床中心

导读新型冠状病毒SARS-coV-2的持续大流行已引起全球人们的极大关注。edward ***和中国的张永振教授研究团队都参与了该病毒的首次基因组测序。本文结合SARS-coV-2的基因组测序结果及其感染的流行病学特征,就其起源、宿主范围、生物学...

导读新型冠状病毒SARS-coV-2的持续大流行已引起全球人们的极大关注。edward ***和中国的张永振教授研究团队都参与了该病毒的首次基因组测序。本文结合SARS-coV-2的基因组测序结果及其感染的流行病学特征,就其起源、宿主范围、生物学特性及其感染的防控等作一相关介绍。背景尽管回顾性研究表明,最早出现症状的新型冠状病毒肺炎(cOVID-19)病例可追溯到2019年12月1日,但中国湖北省武汉市的首例cOVID-19报告时间为2019年12月下旬。

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在中国发现的一种与人类呼吸系统疾病相关的新型冠状病毒

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上海医药 2020年第S1期 50-50页

作者：吴凡陈燕玫宋志刚张永振裴媛媛张玉玲代发辉刘伟王启敏郑娇娇徐琳 edward c.holmes 上海市公共卫生临床中心

研究背景新发突发传染病,如严重急性呼吸系统综合征(SARS)和寨卡病毒病等,给公共卫生带来严重的威胁。尽管在此方面开展了大量的研究工作,但何时何地出现新的疾病仍然不可预知。最近,在中国湖北省武汉市出现了严重的呼吸道疾病。自2019...

研究背景新发突发传染病,如严重急性呼吸系统综合征(SARS)和寨卡病毒病等,给公共卫生带来严重的威胁。尽管在此方面开展了大量的研究工作,但何时何地出现新的疾病仍然不可预知。最近,在中国湖北省武汉市出现了严重的呼吸道疾病。自2019年12月12日第1例患者住院以来,到2020年1月25日,至少已有1 975例确诊病例。流行病学调查表明,疫情的暴发与武汉市的一个海鲜市场有关。

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Stroke Patients’ Reintegration into Normal Living Post-Discharge from Inpatient Rehabilitation: An Integrative Review

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Open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2024年第3期12卷 274-300页

作者： Eric F. Tanlaka Omotunmise Agbeyangi Adam Mulcaster edward cruz Faculty of Nursing University of Windsor Windsor ON Canada Leddy Library University of Windsor Windsor ON Canada

Background: Stroke rehabilitation professionals have historically focused rehabilitation on physical functions and overlooked the concept of community reintegration after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. The lack of focus on psychosocial functions post-stroke may lead to lower levels of satisfaction during community reintegration. Methods: This integrative review synthesized findings from research literature on stroke patients’ reintegration into the community after inpatient rehabilitation to address three research questions: a) What specific physical and psychosocial functions have been identified as predictors of successful reintegration into normal living after stroke?, b) How do physical and psychosocial functions promote successful reintegration into normal living after stroke?, and c) What factors have been identified that hinder stroke patients’ reintegration into normal living after stroke? Results: A systematic search of literature identified sixteen studies that provided significant context for the research questions. What physical and psychosocial functions of stroke patients included, for example, improved mobility, independence in daily activities, reduced disability, psychological well-being, self-efficacy, social support, and personal relationships. How physical and psychosocial functions promote reintegration included, for example, disability management, emotional well-being, self-care independence, sense of purpose, and employment influence. Factors that hinder stroke patients’ reintegration consisted of longer stride time, impaired balance/mobility, activities limitation, severe stroke, presence of comorbidity, depressive symptoms, speech and language challenges, inadequate self-efficacy, fear of falling, older age, low educational level, lack of social support, and social isolation. conclusion: Successful community reintegration after stroke requires a shift of focus from rehabilitation interventions that target physical functions to incl

关键词： Stroke Outpatient Rehabilitation community Reintegration Normal Living Functional Abilities

Effect of the Laser Heating of Nanotube Nuclei on the Nanotube Type Population

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Nano Research 2009年第10期2卷 818-827页

作者： Pavel Nikolaev William holmes edward Sosa Peter Boul Sivaram Arepalli Department of Energy Science Sungkyunkwan University300 Cheoncheon-dongJangan-guSuwon 440-746Korea Alan G.MacDiarmid NanoT ech Institute The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbell RoadRichardsonTX 75080USA ERc Inc./NASA Johnson Space center Mail Stop ES-4P.O.Box 58561HoustonTX 77258USA

Many potential applications of carbon nanotubes are expected to benet from the availability of single-walled carbon nanotube materials enriched in metallic species,and specifically armchair *** present work focuses on the modification of the pulsed laser vaporization(PLV)technique to selectively produce certain carbon nanotube *** nuclei were“warmed-up”with an additional laser pulse,timed to coincide approximately with the nucleation *** effect of the second laser on the carbon vapor temperature was studied by emission *** type populations with and without warm-up were compared by means of absorption,photoluminescence,and Raman *** was found that the warm-up of nanotube nuclei with a laser pulse has a noticeable,albeit small,effect on the nanotube *** intensity of spectral features associated with(9,7)nanotube and its large chiral angle neighbors increased,while small chiral angle nanotubes decreased,with exception of the(15,0)*** experiment demonstrates that nanotube population during PLV synthesis can be manipulated in a controlled fashion.

关键词： Nanotube synthesis pulsed laser vaporization nanotube population

Diversity and connectedness of brine shrimp viruses in global hypersaline ecosystems

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 188-203页

作者： Xuan Dong cixiu Li Yiting Wang Tao Hu Fan Zhang Fanzeng Meng Meirong Gao Xuekai Han Guohao Wang Jiahao Qin Hans Nauwynck edward cholmes Patrick Sorgeloos Liying Sui Jie Huang Weifeng Shi State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods Yellow Sea Fisheries Research InstituteChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesLaboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production ProcessesLaoshan LaboratoryKey Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease ControlMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsQingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and BiosecurityQingdao 266071China Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University Jinan 250021China Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesTaian 271000China Dalian Ocean University Dalian 116023China Asian Regional Artemia Reference center Tianjin University of Science&TechnologyTianjin 300457China Ghent University Ghent 9000Belgium Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases School of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneySydney 2006Australia Network of Aquaculture centres in Asia-Pacific Bangkok 10900Thailand School of Public Health Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan 250117China

Brine shrimp(Artemia)has existed on Earth for 400 million years and has major ecological importance in hypersaline *** a crucial live food in aquaculture,brine shrimp cysts have become one of the most important aquatic products traded ***,our understanding of the biodiversity,prevalence and global connectedness of viruses in brine shrimp is still very limited.A total of 143 batches of brine shrimp(belonging to seven species)cysts were collected from six continents including 21 countries and more than 100 geographic locations worldwide during 1977–*** total,55 novel RNA viruses were identified,which could be assigned to 18 different viral families and related *** viruses were dsRNA viruses,16 were+ssRNA viruses,and 28 were−ssRNA *** analyses of the RNA-directed RNA polymerase(RdRp)showed that brine shrimp viruses were often grouped with viruses isolated from other invertebrates and ***,most brine shrimp viruses were related to those from different hosts that might feed on brine shrimp or share the same ecological niche.A notable case was the novel brine shrimp noda-like virus 3,which shared 79.25%(RdRp)and 63.88%(capsid proteins)amino acid identity with covert mortality nodavirus(cMNV)that may cause losses in *** addition,both virome composition and phylogenetic analyses revealed global connectedness in certain brine shrimp viruses,particularly among Asia and Northern *** highlights the incredible species diversity of viruses in these ancient species and provides essential data for the prevalence of RNA viruses in the global aquaculture *** broadly,these findings provide novel insights into the previously unrecognized RNA virosphere in hypersaline ecosystems worldwide and demonstrate that human activity might have driven the global connectedness of brine shrimp viruses.

关键词： brine shrimp Artemia virus diversity novel virus discovery global connectedness hypersaline ecosystem

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cellulosomal hemicellulases:Indispensable players for ensuring effective lignocellulose bioconversion

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Green carbon 2024年第1期2卷 57-69页

作者： Min Xiao Ya-Jun Liu edward A.Bayer Akihiko Kosugi Qiu cui Yingang Feng cAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266101China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266101China Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single cell Oil Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266101China Shandong Energy Institute Qingdao 266101China Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory Qingdao 266101China University of chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Biomolecular Sciences The Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 7610001Israel Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-Sheva 8499000Israel Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences(JIRCAS)1-1 OhwashiTsukubaIbaraki 305-8686Japan

The bioconversion of lignocellulose has attracted global attention,due to the significant potential of agricultural and forestry wastes as renewable zero-carbon resources and the urgent need for substituting fossil *** cellulosome system is a multi-enzyme complex produced by anaerobic bacteria,which comprises cellulases,hemicellulases,and associated enzymatic and non-enzymatic components that promote biomass *** enhance their efficiency in degrading recalcitrant lignocellulosic matrices,cellulosomes have been employed to construct biocatalysts for lignocellulose bioconversion,such as consolidated bioprocessing and consolidated ***,the second most abundant polysaccharides in plant cell walls,hold valuable application potential but can also induce inhibitory effects on cellulose hydrolysis,thus highlighting the indispensable roles of hemicellulases within the cellulosome *** review evaluated current research on cellulosomal hemicellulases,comparing their types,abundance,and regulation,primarily focusing on eight known cellulosome-producing species of different *** also reviewed their growth conditions,their hemicellulose-degrading capabilities,and the inhibitory effects of hemicellulose on cellulosome-based lignocellulose ***,we proposed strategies for targeted enhancement of hemicellulase in cellulosomes to improve lignocellulose bioconversion in future studies.

关键词： cellulosome Lignocellulose Hemicellulase Saccharification Biocatalyst