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Bednets or Biotechnology:To Rescue Current Persons or Research for the Future?

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2020年第4期13卷 559-572页

作者： Daniel edward Callies Institute for Practical Ethics University of CaliforniaSan DiegoUSA Encinitas USA

Malaria is still a significant cause of death and suffering throughout much of the developing ***,the global community provides significant(though,not sufficient)resources to combat the disease and the parasite that causes *** ought we to allocate these resources?One option is to purchase and distribute perhaps the best tool we have to prevent malaria:insecticide-treated *** route would see us invest in research and development of a novel biotechnology that could eradicate the disease in *** we choose to spend our money on insecticidetreated nets,we will be rescuing current individuals at risk of being infected with the ***,we can be almost certain there will be future individuals who will also need *** we instead invest in the novel biotech no logy,we could benefit countless future individuals who never have to experience the threat of ***,this would mean that some number of current individuals will die due to the lack of insecticide-treated nets that otherwise could have saved their ***,ought we to rescue current,identifiable individuals,or ought we invest in research for the sake of the future?After an exploration of the duty to rescue and cost-effectiveness analysis,I suggest we look towards the literature on intergenerational justice for a justifiable answer to the question of how we ought to allocate our malaria resources.

关键词： Malaria Gene drive Cost-efFectiveness analysis Intergenerational justice Rule of rescue

The ascent of immune checkpoint inhibitors： is the understudy ready for a leading role？

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2017年第4期14卷 341-347页

作者： Amy L. Cummings edward B. Garon Department of Hematology and Oncology David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles 90095 USA

The recent approval of pembrolizumab as second-line treatment for any solid tumor with high-level microsatellite instability or mismatch repair deficiency agnostic of tissue and origin1 has shattered a glass ceiling for immune checkpoint *** longer bound to a specific cancer diagnosis but rather a biomarker,pembrolizumab has heightened a burgeoning optimism towards the drug *** how these agents should carve out additional

关键词： PD The ascent of immune checkpoint inhibitors:is the understudy ready for a leading role PFS OS ORR IHC

Hydrophilic surface modification of PDMS for droplet microfluidics using a simple,quick,and robust method via PVA deposition

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2017年第1期3卷 323-331页

作者： Tatiana Trantidou Yuval Elani edward Parsons Oscar Ces Department of Chemistry Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Institute of Chemical Biology Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK London Centre for Nanotechnology University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUK

Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)is a dominant material in the fabrication of microfluidic devices to generate water-in-oil droplets,particularly lipid-stabilized droplets,because of its highly hydrophobic ***,its key property of hydrophobicity has hindered its use in the microfluidic generation of oil-in-water droplets,which requires channels to have hydrophilic surface *** this article,we developed,optimized,and characterized a method to produce PDMS with a hydrophilic surface via the deposition of polyvinyl alcohol following plasma treatment and demonstrated its suitability for droplet *** proposed method is simple,quick,effective,and low cost and is versatile with respect to surfactants,with droplets being successfully generated using both anionic surfactants and more biologically relevant *** method also allows the device to be selectively patterned with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions,leading to the generation of double emulsions and inverted double emulsions.

关键词： double emulsions droplet microfluidics hydrophobic hydrophilic PDMS surface modification

A neural network protocol for predicting molecular bond energy

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Science China Chemistry 2019年第12期62卷 1698-1703页

作者： Chao Feng edward Sharman Sheng Ye Yi Luo Jun Jiang Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Neurology University of CaliforniaIrvineCalifornia 92697USA

Molecular bond energy is a key parameter for analyzing the properties of chemical activity,stability and *** bond energy is a challenge due to the cost of first-principles simulations and unsatisfactory prediction using empirical *** we show that a neural network(NN)machine-learning method can achieve quick prediction of bond energies of organic *** atomic species and charge information as descriptors,we trained a NN protocol and applied it to predict the bond energy in a certain chemical bond that agreed with density functional theory *** protocol also provided a way to evaluate the effects of different methods of atomic charge analysis on NN *** to accurately estimate bond energies,this NN protocol provides a cost-effective tool for optimizing chemical reactions,accelerating molecular design,and other important applications.

关键词： bond energy neural network density functional theory

GREEN SITE DESIGN:STRATEGIES FOR STORM WATER MANAGEMENT

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Journal of Green Building 2007年第4期2卷 46-56页

作者： edward A.Cook School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture College of DesignArizona State UniversityTempeArizonaUSA 85287-1605

INTRODUCTION Increasingly,proponents of green building are realizing the potential of green site development strategies on the future sustainability of urbanized *** particular,alternative strategies for stormwater management are being implemented and show significant promise(US EPA 2003).As the global population becomes more urban,the increase of impermeable surfaces has deleterious effects on water quality and amounts of urban *** approaches to development and stormwater management have resulted in stormwater systems becoming a rapid conduit for delivery of contaminated runoff to rivers and *** have increased,concentration times reduced,and natural filtering processes have been *** result is increased flooding,polluted rivers and streams,health threats,habitat degradation,and increasing expense to maintain inadequate *** municipalities and other government agencies in the US and abroad are attempting to address this issue through regulation and *** United States Green Building Council LEED system recognizes and addresses this problem and the potential for more sustainable stormwater management practices.

关键词： runoff storm LEED

Network coding-aware cache replacement policy in on-demand broadcast environments

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2012年第5期19卷 92-100页

作者：陈君 LEE Victor C S CHAN edward School of Information Management Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Dept.of Computer Science City University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Network coding has been proved to be an effective technique in improving the performance of data broadcast systems because clients requesting different data items can be served simultaneously in one broadcast. Previous studies showed that its efficiency is highly related to the content of clients' cache. However, existing data broadcast systems do not take network coding information into account when making cache replacement decisions. In this paper, we propose two networks coding-aware cache replacement policies called DLRU and DLRU-CP to supplement network coding assisted data broadcast in on-demand broadcast environments. In DLRU, both data access and decoding contribution are taken into account to make replacement decisions. DLRU-CP is based on DLRU but allows clients to retrieve decodable data items that have not been requested yet. The performance gain of our proposed cache replacement policies over traditional cache replacement policy is shown in the simulation results, which demonstrate conclusively that the proposed policies can effectively reduce the overall response time.

关键词： Network coding cache replacement on-demand broadcast mobile computing

Mechanosignaling activation of TGFβmaintains intervertebral disc homeostasis

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Bone Research 2017年第1期5卷 27-40页

作者： Qin Bian Lei Ma Amit Jain Janet L Crane Khaled Kebaish Mei Wan Zhengdong Zhang X edward Guo Paul D Sponseller Cheryle A Seguin Lee H Riley Yongjun Wang xu Cao Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Institute for Cell EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA Institute of Spine Longhua HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiPR China Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia UniversityNYUSA Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology University of Western OntarioLondonCanada

Intervertebral disc （IVD） degeneration is the leading cause of disability with no disease-modifying treatment. IVD degeneration is associated with instable mechanical loading in the spine, but little is known about how mechanical stress regulates nucleus notochordal （NC） cells to maintain IVD homeostasis. Here we report that mechanical stress can result in excessive integrin αvβ6-mediated activation of transforming growth factor beta （TGFβ）, decreased NC cell vacuoles, and increased matrix proteoglycan production, and results in degenerative disc disease （DDD）. Knockout of TGFβ type II receptor （TβRII） or integrin αv in the NC cells inhibited functional activity of postnatal NC cells and also resulted in DDD under mechanical loading. Administration of RGD peptide, TGFβ, and αvβ6-neutralizing antibodies attenuated IVD degeneration. Thus, integrin-mediated activation of TGFβ plays a critical role in mechanical signaling transduction to regulate IVD cell function and homeostasis. Manipulation of this signaling pathway may be a potential therapeutic target to modify DDD.

关键词： Mechanosignaling activation of TGF maintains intervertebral disc homeostasis IVD

Multimodality image registration and fusion using neural network

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2003年第3期10卷 235-240页

作者： Mostafa G Mostafa Aly A Farag edward Essock Computer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Louisville Louisville KY 40292 USAComputer Vision and Image Processing Laboratory Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Louisville Louisville KY 40292 USADept. of Psychology University of Louisville Louisville kY 40292 USA

Multimodality image registration and fusion are essential steps in building 3-D models from remotesensing data. We present in this paper a neural network technique for the registration and fusion of multimodali-ty remote sensing data for the reconstruction of 3-D models of terrain regions. A FeedForward neural network isused to fuse the intensity data sets with the spatial data set after learning its geometry. Results on real data arepresented. Human performance evaluation is assessed on several perceptual tests in order to evaluate the fusionresults.

关键词： data fusion image registration image interpolation neural network, 3-D model building

Market Structure and Information in Payment Card Markets

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2011年第3期8卷 364-370页

作者： Biliana Alexandrova-Kabadjova edward Tsang Andreas Krause General Directorate of Payment Systems and Risk Banco de Mexico C.P. 06059 Mexico Centre for Computational Finance and Economic Agents University of EssexColchester CO4 3SQ UK School of Management University of BathBath BA2 7AY UK

This paper investigates the structure of the payment card market, with consumers and merchants basing their subscription decisions on different information sets. We find that the market structure depends crucially on the information set on which consumers and merchants base their subscription decisions. In the studied case, we observe that a market with few cards dominating only emerges when decisions are based on very limited information. Under the same conditions using a complete information set, all cards survive in the long run. The use of an agent-based model, focusing on the interactions between merchants and consumers, as a basis for subscription decisions allows us to investigate the dynamics of the market and the effect of the indirect network externalities rather than investigating only equilibrium outcomes.

关键词： Two-sided markets network externalities agent-based modelling competition payment cards.