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Production systems and important antimicrobial resistant-pathogenic bacteria in poultry:a review

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第2期14卷 481-500页

作者： Philip H.W.Mak Muhammad Attiq Rehman Elijah G.Kiarie edward topp Moussa S.Diarra Guelph Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada(AAFC)GuelphONCanada Department of Animal Biosciences University of GuelphGuelphONCanada London Research and Development Center AAFCLondonONCanada.

Economic losses and market constraints caused by bacterial diseases such as colibacillosis due to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli and necrotic enteritis due to Clostridium perfringens remain major problems for poultry producers,despite substantial efforts in prevention and *** have been used not only for the treatment and prevention of such diseases,but also for growth ***,these practices have been linked to the selection and spread of antimicrobial resistant bacteria which constitute a significant global threat to humans,ani-mals,and the *** break down the antimicrobial resistance(AMR),poultry producers are restricting the antimicrobial use(AMU)while adopting the antibiotic-free(ABF)and organic production practices to satisfy consum-ers’***,it is not well understood how ABF and organic poultry production practices influence AMR profiles in the poultry gut *** Gram-negative(Salmonella enterica serovars,Campylobacter jejuni/coli,***)and Gram-positive(Enterococcus spp.,Staphylococcus *** ***)bacteria harboring multiple AMR determinants have been reported in poultry including organically-and ABF-raised *** this review,we discussed major poultry production systems(conventional,ABF and organic)and their impacts on AMR in some potential pathogenic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria which could allow identifying issues and opportuni-ties to develop efficient and safe production practices in controlling pathogens.

关键词： Antibiotic-free Antimicrobial resistance Conventional feeding Organic Poultry

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Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Human-Impacted Environment:A One Health Perspective

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Pedosphere 2019年第3期29卷 273-282页

作者： James M. TIEDJE WANG Fang Celia M. MANAIA Marko VIRTA SHENG Hongjie MA Liping ZHANG Tong edward topp Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 (China) Center for Microbial Ecology Department of Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 (USA) University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 (China) Universidade Catolica Portuguesa CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Quimica Fina一Laboratorio Associado Escola Superior de Biotecnologia Porto 4200-374 (Portugal) Department of Microbiology University of Helsinki Helsinki 00014 (Finland) Environmental Biotechnology Lab The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong (China) London Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada and University of Western Ontario London ON N6G 0J3 (Canada)

Antibiotic resistance and its environmental component are gaining more attention as part of combating the growing healthcare crisis. The One Health framework, promulgated by many global health agencies, recognizes that antimicrobial resistance is a truly inter-domain problem in which human health, animal agriculture, and the environment are the core and interrelated *** prospectus presents the status and issues relevant to the environmental component of antibiotic resistance, namely, the needs for advancing surveillance methodology: the environmental reservoirs and sources of resistance, namely, urban wastewater treatment plants, aquaculture production systems, soil receiving manure and biosolid, and the atmosphere which includes longer range ***, much work has been done describing antibiotic resistance genes in various environments;now quantitative, mechanistic,and hypothesis-driven studies are needed to identify practices that reduce real risks and maintain the effectiveness of our current antibiotics as long as possible. Advanced deployable detection methods for antibiotic resistance in diverse environmental samples are needed in order to provide the surveillance information to identify risks and define barriers that can reduce risks. Also needed are practices that reduce antibiotic use and thereby reduce selection for resistance, as well as practices that limit the dispersal of or destroy antibiotic-resistant bacteria or their resistance genes that are feasible for these varied environmental domains.

关键词： animal agriculture antibiotic-resistant bacteria antimicrobial resistance aquaculture human health One Health framework soil contamination wastewater and sludge

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Blast waveform tailoring using controlled venting in blast simulators and shock tubes

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第7期37卷 14-26页

作者： edward Chern Jinn Gan Alex Remennikov David Ritzel Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences University of WollongongWollongongNSW2522Australia Dyn-FX Consulting Ltd 19 Laird Ave NorthAmherstburgONN9V 2T5Canada

A critical challenge of any blast simulation facility is in producing the widest possible pressure-impulse range for matching against equivalent high-explosive *** tubes and blast simulators are often constrained with the lack of effective ways to control blast wave profiles and as a result have a limited performance *** wave shaping techniques employed in some facilities are reviewed but often necessitate extensive geometric modifications,inadvertently cause flow anomalies,and/or are only applicable under very specific *** paper investigates controlled venting as an expedient way for waveforms to be tuned without requiring extensive modifications to the driver or existing geometry and could be widely applied by existing and future blast simulation and shock tube *** use of controlled venting is demonstrated experimentally using the Advanced Blast Simulator(shock tube)at the Australian National Facility of Physical Blast Simulation and via numerical flow simulations with Computational Fluid *** venting is determined as an effective method for mitigating the impact of re-reflected waves within the blast *** control method also allows for the adjustment of parameters such as tuning the peak overpressure,the positive phase duration,and modifying the magnitude of the negative phase and the secondary shock of the blast *** paper is concluded with an illustration of the potential expanded performance range of the Australian blast simulation facility when controlled venting for blast waveform tailoring as presented in this paper is applied.

关键词： Advanced blast simulator Shock wave propagation Far-field explosion Blast loads Blast waves Computational fluid dynamics

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Areal Roughness of the Dorsal Nail Plate

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International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology 2024年第1期7卷 27-34页

作者： Brian Lee Beatty edward Li Adaeze Anaekwe Anatomy Department NYIT College of Osteopathic MedicineOld WestburyNY 11568USA United States National Museum Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonDC 20560USA Division of Paleobiology Friends AcademyLocust ValleyNY 11560USA

Objective:Beau lines,onychorrhexis,and psoriatic lesions of the dorsal nail plate may be missed by photographic methods,indicating a need for surface texture measurement methods that are more quantitative,sensitive,and repeatable than visual inspection or *** conducted this study to evaluate the utility of surface texture measurements of cadaveric nails that can be associated with histopathological studies in the ***:The nail plates of 4 cadaveric right pollices and halluces were cleaned and molded,cast in clear epoxy,and scanned with a Sensofar S Neox optical profilometer.A one-way analysis of variance was performed to determine statistical significance of ***:Almost no differences were observed between the pollex and hallux scans and between the distal and proximal *** greatest differences were found between *** lower magnification(5×)is less sensitive than higher magnification(20×),the lower magnification represented and characterized more of the dorsal nail ***:The dorsal nail plate areal roughness has a measurable range of values that may serve as a starting point for evaluating pathological findings,particularly Beau lines and psoriatic *** sensitivity of these techniques may be especially valuable in the recognition of less severe states of these diseases that may enable the diagnosis of earlier stages of growth disruptions(Beau lines)or *** applications could be especially useful in investigations of the health of wildlife populations or vulnerable human populations with incomplete treatment records.

关键词： nail plate surface metrology areal roughness

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DEM analysis of the influence of stirrer design on die filling with forced powder feeding

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Particuology 2024年第5期88卷 107-115页

作者： Chao Zheng edward Yost Ariel R.Muliadi Nicolin Govender Ling Zhang Chuan-Yu Wu School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of SurreyGuildfordGU2 7XHUnited Kingdom Small Molecule Pharmaceutics GenentechInc.One DNA WaySouth San FranciscoCA94080USA

Die filling is a critical stage during powder compaction,which can significantly affect the product quality and *** this paper,a forced feeder is introduced attempting to improve the filling performance of a lab-scale die filling *** die filling process is analysed with a graphics processing units(GPU)enhanced discrete element method(DEM).Various stirrer designs are assessed for a wide range of process settings(i.e.,stirrer speed,filling speed)to explore their influence on the die filling performance of free-flowing *** results show that die filing with the novel helical-ribbon(i.e.,type D)stirrer design exhibits the highest filling ratio,implying that it is the most robust stirrer design for the feeder configuration ***,die filling performance with the type D stirrer design is a function of the stirrer speed and the filling speed.A positive variation of filling ratio(ηf>0%)can be ensured over the whole range of filling speed by adjusting the stirrer speed(i.e.,increasing the stirrer speed).The approach used in this study can not only help understand how the stirrer design affects the die filling performance but also guide the optimization of feeder system and process settings.

关键词： Discrete element method Die filling Forced feeding Stirrer design GPU computing

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Assimilation of GOES-R Geostationary Lightning Mapper Flash Extent Density Data in GSI 3DVar, EnKF, and Hybrid En3DVar for the Analysis and Short-Term Forecast of a Supercell Storm Case

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 263-277页

作者： Rong KONG Ming XUE edward R.MANSELL Chengsi LIU Alexandre O.FIERRO Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms Norman Oklahoma 73072U.S.A University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma 73072U.S.A NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory NormanOklahoma 73072U.S A.4Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik Department of Forecasting Models-ZAMGVienna 1190Austria

Capabilities to assimilate Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite “R-series ”(GOES-R) Geostationary Lightning Mapper(GLM) flash extent density(FED) data within the operational Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation ensemble Kalman filter(GSI-EnKF) framework were previously developed and tested with a mesoscale convective system(MCS) case. In this study, such capabilities are further developed to assimilate GOES GLM FED data within the GSI ensemble-variational(EnVar) hybrid data assimilation(DA) framework. The results of assimilating the GLM FED data using 3DVar, and pure En3DVar(PEn3DVar, using 100% ensemble covariance and no static covariance) are compared with those of EnKF/DfEnKF for a supercell storm case. The focus of this study is to validate the correctness and evaluate the performance of the new implementation rather than comparing the performance of FED DA among different DA schemes. Only the results of 3DVar and pEn3DVar are examined and compared with EnKF/DfEnKF. Assimilation of a single FED observation shows that the magnitude and horizontal extent of the analysis increments from PEn3DVar are generally larger than from EnKF, which is mainly caused by using different localization strategies in EnFK/DfEnKF and PEn3DVar as well as the integration limits of the graupel mass in the observation operator. Overall, the forecast performance of PEn3DVar is comparable to EnKF/DfEnKF, suggesting correct implementation.

关键词： GOES-R lightning data assimilation EnKF EnVar

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Contraceptive behaviors and awareness in an urban slum community of south India

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2024年第4期13卷 160-168页

作者： Monica Albert Sekhar Shanthi edward Angeline Grace Sushmitha G Shirley Esther Priscilla Department of Community Medicine Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital(SBMCH)ChennaiIndia

Objective:To assess the factors associated with knowledge,attitude and behavior of contraception use among urban slum population in ***:A cross-sectional study was conducted in the urban slum of Anakaputhur,*** couples between ages of 19-49 years and living in slum areas were taken up for the study by simple random *** women,postnatal and postmenopausal women were excluded from the *** collection was done using a pretested structured questionnaire focusing on details regarding contraception knowledge,attitude,and *** analysis was done using IBM SPSS version *** test like Chi square and odds ratio(OR)were used to identify association between knowledge,attitude,and behavior of contraception with the associated variables and enter method of logistic regression analysis was ***:Out of the 360 respondents,228 were females,with a mean age of(34±5)*** 43%demonstrated adequate knowledge of contraception use,and 91%were aware of at least one contraceptive ***,72%exhibited a positive attitude towards contraceptive ***,43%(155 individuals)did not utilize any contraceptive *** contraceptive users,intrauterine devices were the most commonly adopted,followed by barrier methods and female *** was significant association between knowledge of contraception and education(aOR 7.29,95%CI 2.93-18.10,P<0.05),age(aOR 2.04,95%CI 1.19-3.50,P<0.05)and socioeconomic class(aOR 3.66,95%CI 1.71-7.85,P<0.05;aOR 3.97,95%CI 2.12-7.49,P<0.05).Regarding attitude towards contraception use,education(aOR 8.54,95%CI 2.35-31.03,P<0.05),sex(aOR 0.15,95%CI 0.06-0.37,P<0.05),age(aOR 0.53,95%CI 0.28-0.99,P<0.05),socio-economic class(aOR 4.42,95%CI 1.97-9.92,P<0.05;aOR 9.83,95%CI 3.63-26.58,P<0.05)and number of children(aOR 10.04,95%CI 4.26-23.66,P<0.05)were the variables that had a significant ***:These findings underscore the imperative for enhanced d

关键词： Family planning Unmet need Sterilization Knowledge Practice Urban slum

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CHINESE FLYING TAXI

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今日民航 2024年第1期 126-129页

作者： edward White 不详

A Shanghai flying taxi company says that China's"low altitude"industry is edging ahead of western rivals,thanks to more supportive regulators,technological breakthroughs and cut-throat competition in the Chinese logistics *** total market created by electric vertical takeoff and landing,or eVTOL,aircraft is forecast to be worth$1.5tn a year by 2040 in a base-case assessment by Morgan Stanley analysts,with potential customers across airlines,logistics,emergency services,agriculture,tourism and securityoperations.

关键词： breakthrough operations tourism

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Accelerated intermetallic phase amorphization in a Mg-based high-entropy alloy powder

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1792-1798页

作者： Prince Sharma Purvam Mehulkumar Gandhi Kerri-Lee Chintersingh Mirko Schoenitz edward L.Dreizin Sz-Chian Liou Ganesh Balasubramanian Institute for Functional Materials&Devices Lehigh UniversityBethlehemPA 18015USA Center of Materials for Advanced Energetics New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ 07102USA

We describe a novel mechanism for the synthesis of a stable high-entropy alloy powder from an otherwise immiscible Mg-Ti rich metallic mixture by employing high-energy mechanical *** presented methodology expedites the synthesis of amorphous alloy powder by strategically injecting entropic disorder through the inclusion of multi-principal elements in the alloy *** from first principles and materials theory corroborate the results from microscopic characterizations that reveal a transition of the amorphous phase from a precursor intermetallic *** transformation,characterized by the emergence of antisite disorder,lattice expansion,and the presence of nanograin boundaries,signifies a departure from the precursor intermetallic ***,this phase transformation is accelerated by the presence of multiple principal elements that induce severe lattice distortion and a higher configurational *** atomic size mismatch of the dissimilar elements present in the alloy produces a stable amorphous phase that resists reverting to an ordered lattice even on annealing.

关键词： High-entropy alloy High-energy milling Antisite disorder Amorphous Intermetallic

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Activity Data and Emission Factor for Forestry and Other Land Use Change Subsector to Enhance Carbon Market Policy and Action in Malawi

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第4期15卷 401-414页

作者： edward Missanjo Henry Kadzuwa Department of Environmental Sciences University of Namibia Ogongo Campus Ogongo Namibia Department of Physical Planning and Land Surveying Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences Blantyre Malawi

Activity data and emission factors are critical for estimating greenhouse gas emissions and devising effective climate change mitigation strategies. This study developed the activity data and emission factor in the Forestry and Other Land Use Change (FOLU) subsector in Malawi. The results indicate that “forestland to cropland,” and “wetland to cropland,” were the major land use changes from the year 2000 to the year 2022. The forestland steadily declined at a rate of 13,591 ha (0.5%) per annum. Similarly, grassland declined at the rate of 1651 ha (0.5%) per annum. On the other hand, cropland, wetland, and settlements steadily increased at the rate of 8228 ha (0.14%);5257 ha (0.17%);and 1941 ha (8.1%) per annum, respectively. Furthermore, the results indicate that the “grassland to forestland” changes were higher than the “forestland to grassland” changes, suggesting that forest regrowth was occurring. On the emission factor, the results interestingly indicate that there was a significant increase in carbon sequestration in the FOLU subsector from the year 2011 to 2022. Carbon sequestration increased annually by 13.66 ± 0.17 tCO2 e/ha/yr (4.6%), with an uncertainty of 2.44%. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is potential for a Carbon market in Malawi.

关键词： Activity Data Emission Factor Climate Change Forestland Carbon Market

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