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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第6期9卷 649-671页

作者： Iftikhar Ali Fiona Cawkwell edward Dwyer Brian Barrett stuart Green Department of Geography University College CorkCorkIreland spatial Analysis Unit TeagascDublinIreland EurOcean-European Centre for Information on Marine science and Technology LisbonPortugal school of Geographical and Earth sciences University of GlasgowGlasgowUK

Aims Grasslands are the world’s most extensive terrestrial ecosystem,and are a major feed source for *** increasing demand for meat and other dairy products in a sustainable manner is a big *** a field scale,Global Positioning system and ground-based sensor technologies provide promising tools for grassland and herd management with high *** the growth in availability of spaceborne remote sensing data,it is therefore important to revisit the relevant methods and applications that can exploit this *** this article,we have reviewed the(i)current status of grassland monitoring/observation methods and applications based on satellite remote sensing data,(ii)the technological and methodological developments to retrieve different grassland biophysical parameters and management characteristics(***,grazing intensity)and(iii)identified the key remaining challenges and some new upcoming trends for future *** Findings The retrieval of grassland biophysical parameters have evolved in recent years from classical regression analysis to more complex,efficient and robust modeling approaches,driven by satellite data,and are likely to continue to be the most robust method for deriving grassland information,however these require more high quality calibration and validation *** found that the hypertemporal satellite data are widely used for time series generation,and particularly to overcome cloud contamination issues,but the current low spatial resolution of these instruments precludes their use for field-scale application in many *** trend may change with the current rise in launch of satellite constellations,such as RapidEye,sentinel-2 and even the microsatellites such as those operated by skybox *** imagery has not been widely used for grassland applications,and a better understanding of the backscatter behaviour from different phenological stages is needed for more reliable products i

关键词： remote sensing agricultural grassland grassland biomass pasture management grazing intensity

Gastrointestinal obstruction secondary to enteral nutrition bezoar: A case report

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal surgery 2020年第8期12卷 369-376页

作者： edward David siddens Yahya Al-Habbal Mayank Bhandari General surgery Fiona Stanley HospitalUpper Gastrointestinal UnitPerthWestern AustraliaWA 6150Australia

BACKGROUND Post-operative enteral nutrition via gastric or jejunal feeding tubes is a common and standard practice in managing the critically ill or post-surgical *** has its own set of complications,including obstruction,abscess formation,necrosis,and *** present here a case of small bowel obstruction caused by enteral nutrition *** is the second recorded incidence of this complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy in the medical *** sUMMARY The 70-year-old female presented to our institution for a pancreaticoduodenectomy(Whipple’s procedure)for pancreatic *** day 5 post-operative,having failed to progress and developing symptoms of small bowel obstruction,she underwent a computed tomography scan,which showed features of mechanical small bowel *** this,she underwent an emergency laparotomy and small bowel *** recovery was long and protracted but,ultimately,she was discharged home.A literature search of reports from 1966-2020 was conducted in the MEDLINE *** identified eight articles describing a total of 14 cases of small bowel obstruction secondary to enteral feed *** those 14 cases,all but 4 occurred after upper gastrointestinal surgery;all but 1 case required further surgical intervention for deteriorating clinical *** postulated causes for this include pH changes,a reduction in pancreatic enzymes and gastric motility,and the use of opioid *** Enteral feed bezoar is a complication of enteral *** rare incidence,it can cause significant morbidity and potential mortality.

关键词： Upper gastrointestinal surgery Enteral nutrition Gastrointestinal obstruction Bezoar Hepatobiliary Case report

Meta-analyses on prevalence of selected Parkinson’s nonmotor symptoms before and after diagnosis

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2015年第1期4卷 1-8页

作者： Honglei Chen edward J Zhao Wen Zhang Yi Lu Rui Liu Xuemei Huang Anna J Ciesielski-Jones Michele A Justice Deborah s Cousins shyamal Peddada Epidemiology Branch National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences111 T.W.Alexander Dr.P.O.Box 12233Mail drop A3-05Research Triangle ParkNC 27709USA social&scientific systems Inc.DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Departments of Neurology RadiologyNeurosurgeryPharmacology&KinesiologyPennsylvania State University-Milton S.Hershey Medical CenterHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA Biostatistics Branch National Institute of Environmental Health SciencesResearch Triangle ParkNCUSA

Background:Nonmotor symptoms are common among patients with Parkinson’s disease(PD)and some may precede disease ***:We conducted a meta-analysis on the prevalence of selected nonmotor symptoms before and after PD diagnosis,using random-effect *** searched PubMed(1965 through October/November 2012)for the following symptoms:hyposmia,constipation,rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder,excessive daytime sleepiness,depression,and *** studies were publications in English with original data on one or more of these ***:The search generated 2,373 non-duplicated publications and 332 met the inclusion criteria,mostly(n=320)on symptoms after PD *** all symptoms,the prevalence was substantially higher in PD cases than in controls,each affecting over a third of the *** was the most prevalent(75.5%in cases vs.19.1%in controls),followed by constipation(50%vs.17.7%),anxiety(39.9%vs.19.1%),rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder(37.0%vs.7.0%),depression(36.6%vs.14.9%),and excessive daytime sleepiness(33.9%vs.10.5%).We observed substantial heterogeneities across studies and meta-regression analyses suggested that several factors might have contributed to ***,the prevalence estimates were fairly robust in several sensitivity *** 20 studies had data on any symptoms prior to PD diagnosis,but still the analyses revealed higher prevalence in future PD cases than in ***:These symptoms are common among PD patients both before and after *** studies are needed to understand the natural history of nonmotor symptoms in PD and their etiological and clinical implications.

关键词： Parkinson’s disease Nonmotor symptoms Meta-analysis Prevalence Natural history

Time series Modelling with Application to Tanzania Inflation Data

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Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing 2014年第2期2卷 49-59页

作者： edward Ngailo Eliab Luvanda Estomih s. Massawe Dares salaam University College of Education Dares Salaam Tanzania Department of Economics University of Dares Salaam Dares Salaam Tanzania Department of Mathematics University of Dares Salaam Dares Salaam Tanzania

In this paper, time series modelling is examined with a special application to modelling inflation data in Tanzania. In particular the theory of univariate non linear time series analysis is explored and applied to the inflation data spanning from January 1997 to December 2010. Time series models namely, the autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (ARCH) (with their extensions to the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity ARCH (GARCH)) models are fitted to the data. The stages in the model building namely, identification, estimation and checking have been explored and applied to the data. The best fitting model is selected based on how well the model captures the stochastic variation in the data (goodness of fit). The goodness of fit is assessed through the Akaike Information Criteria (AIC), Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) and minimum standard error (MsE). Based on minimum AIC and BIC values, the best fit GARCH models tend to be GARCH(1,1) and GARCH(1,2). After estimation of the parameters of selected models, a series of diagnostic and forecast accuracy test are performed. Having satisfied with all the model assumptions, GARCH(1,1) model is found to be the best model for forecasting. Based on the selected model, twelve months inflation rates of Tanzania are forecasted in sample period (that is from January 2010 to December 2010). From the results, it is observed that the forecasted series are close to the actual data series.

关键词： Time series Inflation Autoregressive

Plasticity of mycangia in Xylosandrus ambrosia beetles

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Insect science 2019年第4期26卷 732-742页

作者： You Li Yong-Ying Ruan edward L. stanley James skelton Jiri Hulcr school of Forest Resources and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA school of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base Shenzhen Polytechnic Shenzhen. Guangdong. China Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA Entomology and Nematology Department University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

Insects that depend on microbial mutualists evolved a variety of organs to transport the microsymbionts while dispersing. The ontogeny and variability of such organs is rarely studied, and the microsymbiont*s effects on the animal tissue development remain unknown in most cases. Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: scolytinae or Platypodinae) and their mutualistic fungi are an ideal system to study the animalfungus interactions. While the interspecific diversity of their fungus transport organ一 mycangia—is well-known, their developmental plasticity has been poorly described. To determine the ontogeny of the mycangium and the influence of the symbiotic fungus on the tissue development, we dissected by hand or scanned with micro-CT the mycangia in various developmental stages in five Xylosandrus ambrosia beetle species that possess a large, mesonotal mycangium: Xylosandrus amputatus. Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, Xylosandrus discolor, and Xylosandrus germanus. We processed 181 beetle samples from the United states and China. All five species displayed three stages of the mycangium development:(1) young teneral adults had an empty, deflated and cryptic mycangium without fungal mass;(2) in fully mature adults during dispersal, the promesonotal membrane was inflated, and most individuals developed a mycangium mostly filled with the symbiont, though size and symmetry varied;and (3) after successful establishment of their new galleries, most females discharged the bulk of the fun gal inoculum and deflated the mycangium. Experimental aposymbiotic individuals demonstrated that the pronotal membrane invaginated independently of the presence of the fungus, but the fungus was required for inflation. Mycangia are more dynamic than previously thought, and their morphological changes correspond to the phases of the symbiosis. Importantly, studies of the fungal symbionts or plant pathogen transmission in ambrosia beetles need to consider which developmen

关键词： callow micro-CT mycangium symbiont-induced symbiosis teneral

Chromatographic finger print analysis of steroids in Aerva lanata L by HPTLC technique

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2011年第6期1卷 428-433页

作者： Yamunadevi Mariswamy Wesely edward Gnaraj Johnson M Research&Development Department Bharathiyar University Department of Botany Arignar Anna Government Arts College Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology St. Xavier's College(Autonomous)

Objective:To determine the chemical profile and steroids composition of the medicinally important plant Aerva lanata(***) ***:Preliminary phytochemicul screening was done by the method as Harborne *** studies were canied out as Harborne and Wagner et al *** Ethyl acetate-ethanol-water(8:2:1.2) was employed as mobile phase for ***:The desired aim was achieved using Chloroform-acetone(8:2) as the mobile *** methanolic extract of stem,leaves,root,flower and seeds of *** showed the presence of 30 different types of steroids with 30 different Rf values from 0.04 to 0.97. Maximum number(11) of steroids has been observed in leaves followed by root(10).Conclusions: HPTLC profile of steroids has been chosen here to reveal the diversity existing in *** finger printing is useful in differentiating the species from the adulterant and act as biochemical markers for this medicinally important plant in the pharma industry and plant systematic studies.

关键词： steroids HPTLC profile Fingerprint Aerva lanata L.

Regnase-1, a rapid response ribonuclease regulating nflammation and stress responses

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第5期14卷 412-422页

作者： Renfang Mao Riyun Yang Xia Chen edward W Harhaj Xiaoying Wang Yihui Fan Basic Medical Research Center School of Medicine Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu 226001 People's Republic of China Department of Oncology Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21287 USA Department of Immunology School of Medicine Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu 226001 People's Republic of China

RNA-binding proteins （RBPs） are central players in post-transcriptional regulation and immune homeostasis. The ribonuclease and RBP Regnase-1 exerts critical roles in both immune cells and non-immune cells. Its expression is rapidly induced under diverse conditions including microbial infections, treatment with inflammatory cytokines and chemical or mechanical stimulation. Regnase-1 activation is transient and is subject to negative feedback mechanisms including proteasome-mediated degradation or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue 1 （MALT1） mediated cleavage. The major function of Regnase-1 is promoting mRNA decay via its ribonuclease activity by specifically targeting a subset of genes in different cell types. In monocytes, Regnase-1 downregulates IL-6 and IL-12B mRNAs, thus mitigating inflammation, whereas in T cells, it restricts T-cell activation by targeting c-Rel, Ox40 and 11-2 transcripts. In cancer cells, Regnase-1 promotes apoptosis by inhibiting anti-apoptotic genes including Bcl2L1, Bcl2A1, RelB and Bcl3. Together with up-frameshift protein-1 （UPF1）, Regnase-1 specifically cleaves mRNAs that are active during translation by recognizing a stem-loop （sL） structure within the 3＇UTRs of these genes in endoplasmic reticulum-bound ribosomes. Through this mechanism, Regnase-1 rapidly shapes mRNA profiles and associated protein expression, restricts inflammation and maintains immune homeostasis. Dysregulation of Regnase-1 has been described in a multitude of pathological states including autoimmune diseases, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Here, we provide a comprehensive update on the function, regulation and molecular mechanisms of Regnase-1, and we propose that Regnase-1 may function as a master rapid response gene for cellular adaption triggered by microenvironmental changes.

关键词： Autoimmune diseases Regnase-1 ribonuclease RNA-binding proteins microenvironment

Understanding Contaminant Veins in squeeze Casting and semi-solid Metalworking Processes

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特种铸造及有色合金 2003年第Z1期23卷 230-234,238页

作者： edward J. Vinarcik, P.E. Engineer Voctorie Co.8218 Medicine Bow Run Fort WayreIdiana 46825 U.S A

When commercializing the semi-solid metalworking processes, component producers looked to conventional die-casting to identify potential defects and control component quality. several defects were expected including cold shuts, cold flows, flash, drags, warping, and gas entrapment, just to name a few. Efforts were taken to avoid these defects. A new defect type, contaminant veins, has surfaced unique to semi-solid metalworking. Although, semi-solid metalworking has proven to be successful, component producers have been reluctant to report defects for fear of giving this emerging processes a bad reputation. Nonetheless, this defect must be understood to avoid future problems.

关键词： Contaminant Veins squeeze Casting semi-solid Casting

基于鲁米诺电生化学发光的液相色谱间接测定法

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色谱 1990年第3期8卷 183-184页

作者：王玉文 edward s.Yeung 河北省科学院地理研究所石家庄050011 美国依阿华州立大学化学系

化学发光(CL)分析灵敏度高、仪器设备简单,已得到越来越多的应用。由于CL选择性差,***等人将其引入高效液相色谱(HPLC)。但缺乏可行的检测物,使该法的应用受到限制。

关键词：鲁米诺电和化学发光液相色谱