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Visualization of atomic scale r.action dynamics of suppor.ed nanocatalysts dur.ng oxidation and ammonia synthesis using in-situ envir.nmental(scanning) tr.nsmission electr.n micr.scopy

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Jour.al of Ener.y Chemistr. 2021年第6期30卷 281-290,I0007页

作者： Michael r.War. r.ber. W.Mitchell edward D.Boyes Pr.tibha L.Gai The Yor. Nanocentr. University of YorkYork YO105DDUK Depar.ment of Physics University of YorkYork YO105DDUK Depar.ment of Electr.nic Engineer.ng University of YorkYork YO105DDUK Depar.ment of Chemistr. University of YorkYork YO105DDUK

r.action dynamics in gases at oper.ting temper.tur.s at the atomic level ar. the basis of heter.geneous gas-solid catalyst r.actions and ar. cr.cial to the catalyst *** noble metal nanocatalysts such as platinum ar. of inter.st in fuel cells and as diesel oxidation catalysts for.pollution contr.l,and pr.ctical r.thenium nanocatalysts ar. explor.d for.ammonia *** and gr.phitic car.ons ar. of inter.st as suppor.s for.the *** consider.ble liter.tur. on the catalytic pr.cesses on gr.phite and gr.phitic suppor.s,r.action dynamics of the nanocatalysts on the suppor.s in differ.nt r.active gas envir.nments and oper.ting temper.tur.s at the single atom level ar. not well *** we pr.sent r.al time in-situ obser.ations and analyses of r.action dynamics of Pt in oxidation,and pr.ctical r. nanocatalysts in ammonia synthesis,on gr.phite and r.lated suppor.s under.contr.lled r.action envir.nments using a novel in-situ envir.nmental(scanning) tr.nsmission electr.n micr.scope with single atom *** r.cor.ing snapshots of the r.action dynamics,the behaviour.of the catalysts is *** images r.veal single metal atoms,cluster. of a few atoms on the gr.phitic suppor.s and the suppor. *** all play key r.les in the mobility,sinter.ng and gr.wth of the *** exper.mental findings pr.vide new str.ctur.l insights into atomic scale r.action dynamics,mor.hology and stability of the nanocatalysts.

关键词： In-situ visualization Atomic scale r.action dynamics In-situ envir.nmental scanning tr.nsmission electr.n micr.scopy with single atom r.solution Suppor.ed nanopar.icles Ammonia synthesis Oxidation r.actions

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Methods for.impr.ving ther.al toler.nce in militar. per.onnel pr.or.to deployment

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Militar. Medical r.sear.h 2021年第3期8卷 405-423页

作者： edward Tom Ashwor.h James David Cotter.Andr.w edward Kilding Spor.s Per.or.ance r.sear.h Institute New Zealand(SPr.NZ) Auckland University of Technology17 Antares PlaceRosedaleAuckland 0632New Zealand School of Physical Education Sport and Exercise SciencesUniversity of OtagoDunedinOtago 9016New Zealand

Acute exposur. to heat, such as that exper.enced by people ar.iving into a hotter.or.mor. humid envir.nment, can compr.mise physical and cognitive per.or.ance as well as health. In militar. contexts heat str.ss is exacer.ated by the combination of pr.tective clothing, car.ied loads, and unique activity pr.files, making them susceptible to heat illnesses. As the oper.tional envir.nment is dynamic and unpr.dictable, str.tegies to minimize the effects of heat should be planned and conducted pr.or.to deployment. This r.view explor.s how heat acclimation(HA) pr.or.to deployment may attenuate the effects of heat by initiating physiological and behaviour.l adaptations to mor. efficiently and effectively pr.tect ther.al homeostasis, ther.by impr.ving per.or.ance and r.ducing heat illness r.sk. HA usually r.quir.s access to heat chamber.facilities and takes weeks to conduct, which can often make it impr.ctical and infeasible, especially if ther. ar. other.tr.ining r.quir.ments and expectations. r.cent r.sear.h in athletic populations has pr.duced pr.tocols that ar. mor. feasible and accessible by r.ducing the time taken to induce adaptations, as well as explor.ng new methods such as passive HA. These pr.tocols use shor.er.HA per.ods or.minimise additional tr.ining r.quir.ments r.spectively, while still invoking key physiological adaptations, such as lower.d cor. temper.tur., r.duced hear. r.te and incr.ased sweat r.te at a given intensity. For.deployments of special units at shor. notice(r.-acclimation to maintain an elevated baseline of heat toler.nce for.long per.ods in anticipation of such an event. Methods pr.ctical for.militar. gr.ups ar. yet to be fully under.tood, ther.for. fur.her.investigation into the effectiveness of HA methods is r.quir.d to establish the most effective and feasible appr.ach to implement them within militar. gr.ups.

关键词： Heat acclimation Ther.or.gulation Heat illness Physiology Human Conditioning Militar.

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Tr.nscr.ptome Analysis of Ar.bidopsis Wild-Type and gl3-sst sim Tr.chomes Identifies Four.Additional Genes r.quir.d for.Tr.chome Development

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Molecular.Plant 2009年第4期2卷 803-822页

作者： M. David Mar.s Jonathan r.Wenger.edward Gilding r.ss Jilk r.char. A. Dixon Depar.ment of Plant Biology University of Minnesota St Paul MN 551108 USA Depar.ment of Chemistr. University of Wisconsin-River Falls River Falls Wl 54022 USA Plant Biology Division Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Ardmore OK 73401 USA

Tr.nscr.ptome analyses have been per.or.ed on matur. tr.chomes isolated fr.m wild-type Ar.bidopsis leaves and on leaf tr.chomes isolated fr.m the g13-sst sim double mutant, which exhibit many attr.butes of immatur. tr.chomes. The matur. tr.chome pr.file contained many highly expr.ssed genes involved in cell wall synthesis, pr.tein tur.over. and abiotic str.ss r.sponse. The most highly expr.ssed genes in the g13-sst sim pr.file encoded r.bosomal pr.teins and other.pr.teins involved in tr.nslation. Compar.tive analyses showed that all but one of the genes encoding tr.nscr.ption factor. pr.viously found to be impor.ant for.tr.chome for.ation, and many other.tr.chome-impor.ant genes, wer. pr.fer.ntially expr.ssed in gl3-sst sim tr.chomes. The analysis of genes pr.fer.ntially expr.ssed in gl3-sst sim led to the identification of four.additional genes r.quir.d for.nor.al tr.chome development. One of these was the HDG2 gene, which is a member.of the HD-ZIP IV tr.nscr.ption factor.gene family. Mutations in this gene did not alter.tr.chome expansion, but did alter.matur. tr.chome cell walls. Mutations in BIT r.sulted in a loss of tr.chome br.nch for.ation. The r.lationship between bit and the phenotypically identical mutant, sti, was explor.d. Mutations in PEL3, which was pr.viously shown to be r.quir.d for.development of the leaf cuticle, r.sulted in the occasional tangling of expanding tr.chomes. Mutations in another.gene encoding a pr.tein with an unknown function alter.d tr.chome br.nch for.ation.

关键词： Cell wall cell differ.ntiation homeodomain wax tr.chome

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On Building Pr.ctical Biocomputer. for.r.al-wor.d Applications： r.ceptacles for.Cultur.ng Slime Mould Memr.stor. and Component Standar.isation

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Jour.al of Bionic Engineer.ng 2017年第1期14卷 151-162页

作者： edward Br.und Eduar.o r.ck Mir.nda Inter.isciplinar. Centr. for.Computer.Music r.sear.h (ICCMr. The House Plymouth University Drake Circus UK PL4 8AA

Our.application of bionic engineer.ng is novel： we ar. inter.sted in developing hybr.d har.war.-wetwar. systems for.music. This paper.intr.duces r.ceptacles for.cultur.ng Physar.m polycephalum-based memr.stor. that ar. highly accessible to the cr.ative pr.ctitioner. The myxomycete Physar.m polycephalum is an amor.hous unicellular.or.anism that has been found to exhibit memr.stive pr.per.ies. Such a discover. has potential to allow us to move towar.s engineer.ng electr.cal systems that encompass Physar.m polycephalum components. To r.alise this potential, it is necessar. to addr.ss some of the constr.ints associated with har.essing living biological entities in systems for.r.al-time application. Within the paper. we pr.sent 3D pr.nted r.ceptacles designed to standar.ise both the pr.duction of components and memr.stive obser.ations. Subsequent testing showed a significant decr.ase in gr.wth time, incr.ased lifespan, and super.or.similar.ty in component-to-component r.sponses. The r.sults indicate that our.r.ceptacle design may pr.vide means of implementing hybr.d electr.cal systems for.music technology.

关键词： unconventional computing Physar.m polycephalum computer.music biological computing memr.stor

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Nanosecond laser.pr.heating effect on ablation mor.hology and plasma emission in collinear.dual-pulse laser.induced br.akdown spectr.scopy

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Plasma Science and Technology 2022年第11期24卷 145-150页

作者： Na LI edward HAr.FA Weidong ZHOU Key Labor.tor. of Optical Infor.ation Detection and Display Technology of Zhejiang Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004People’s Republic of China

Focus-offset collinear.dual-pulse laser.induced br.akdown spectr.scopy is designed and used to investigate the laser.ablation and spectr.l intensity with an aluminum alloy *** laser.cr.ter.mor.hologies and ablation volumes wer. *** inter.pulse time delay dependent ablation efficiency on a nanosecond laser.heated sample was obser.ed,which was similar.to the tr.nd of spectr.l intensity ver.us inter.pulse time delay in the delay time less than 3μ*** on the obser.ation,the nanosecond pulse laser.pr.heating effect on subsequent second laser.ablation and signal enhancement is discussed,which will be helpful for.under.tanding the ablation and signal enhancement mechanism in the standar. collinear.DP-LIBS technique.

关键词： enhancement mechanism laser.ablation cr.ter.mor.hology tar.et pr.heating

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Clinical featur.s and management of autoimmune hepatitis

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Wor.d Jour.al of Gastr.enter.logy 2008年第21期14卷 3301-3305页

作者： edward L Kr.witt Depar.ments of Medicine University of VermontBurlingtonVermontand Dartmouth CollegeHanoverNew HampshireVermont 05405-0068United States

Autoimmune hepatitis(AIH) is a chr.nic hepatitis of unknown etiology which can pr.gr.ss to *** clinical manifestations ar. highly var.able and some-times follow a fluctuating *** is based on char.cter.stic histologic,clinical,biochemical and ser.-logical ***-inflammator./immunosuppr.ssive tr.atment fr.quently induces r.mission but long-ter. maintenance ther.py is often *** tr.nsplan-tation is gener.lly successful in patients with decompen-sated cir.hosis unr.sponsive to or.intoler.nt of medical ther.py.

关键词： Autoimmunity Autoimmune hepatitis Chr.nic hepatitis Cir.hosis Liver.disease

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Six psychotr.pics for.pr.-symptomatic ＆ ear.y Alzheimer.s (MCI), Par.inson＇s, and Huntington＇s disease modification

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2016年第11期11卷 1712-1726页

作者： edward C. Lauter.ach Psychiatr. and Neur.logy Mercer University School of Medicine Macon GA USA

The quest for.neur.pr.tective dr.gs to slow the pr.gr.ssion of neur.degener.tive diseases （NDDs）, including Alzheimer.s disease （AD）, Par.inson＇s disease （PD）, and Huntington＇s disease （HD）, has been lar.ely unr.war.ing. Pr.clinical evidence suggests that r.pur.osing quetiapine, lithium, valpr.ate, fluoxetine, donepezil, and memantine for.ear.y and pr.-symptomatic disease-modification in NDDs may be pr.mising and can spar. r.gulator. bar.ier.. The liter.tur. of these psychotr.pics in ear.y stage and pr.-symptomatic AD, PD, and HD is r.viewed and pr.pitious findings follow. Mild cognitive impair.ent （MCI） phase of AD： salutar. human r.ndomized contr.lled tr.al findings for.low-dose lithium and, in selected patients, donepezil await r.plication. Pr.-symptomatic AD： human epidemiological data indicate that lithium r.duc- es AD r.sk. Animal model studies （AMS） r.veal encour.ging r.sults for.quetiapine, lithium, donepezil, and memantine. Ear.y PD： valpr.ate AMS findings show pr.mise. Pr.-symptomatic PD： lithium and valpr.ate AMS findings ar. encour.ging. Ear.y HD： uncontr.lled clinical data indicate non-pr.gr.ssion with lithium, fluoxetine, donepezil, and memantine. Pr.-symptomatic HD： lithium and valpr.ate ar. auspicious in AMS. Many other.pr.mising findings awaiting r.plication （valpr.ate in MCI; lithium, valpr.ate, fluoxetine in pr.-symptomatic AD; lithium in ear.y PD; lithium, valpr.ate, fluoxetine in pr.-symptomatic PD; donepezil in ear.y HD; lithium, fluoxetine, memantine in pr.-symptomatic HD） ar. r.viewed. Dose- and stage-dependent effects ar. consider.d. Suggestions for.signal-enhancement in human tr.als ar. pr.vided for.each NDD stage.

关键词： dr.g r.positioning neur.pr.tective agents psychotr.pic dr.gs neur.degener.tive diseases mildcognitive impair.ent humans animals animal models

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SH-Mode Seismic-r.flection Imaging of Ear.hfill Dams

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Engineer.ng 2018年第5期4卷 694-701页

作者： edward W. Wooler. Depar.ment of Ear.h and Envir.nmental Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington IG" 40506-0053 USA

Assessing subsur.ace char.cter.stics and imaging geologic featur.s （e.g., faults, cavities, low-velocity lay- er., etc.） ar. typical pr.blems in near.sur.ace geophysics. These questions often have adver.e geotechni-cal engineer.ng implications, and can be especially acute when associated with high-hazar. str.ctur.s such as lar.e ear.hen flood-contr.l dams. Dam-r.lated issues ar. becoming mor. fr.quent in the United States, because a lar.e par. of this major.infr.str.ctur. was designed and constr.cted in the ear.y- to mid-twentieth centur.; these dams ar. thus passing into the latter.stages of their.design life, wher. minute flaws that wer. over.ooked or.thought to be insignificant in design/constr.ction ar. now pr.ving pr.blematic. The high-hydr.ulic heads associated with these str.ctur.s can quicken degr.-dation of weak ar.as and compr.mise long-ter. integr.ty. Addr.ssing dam-r.lated pr.blems solely with tr.ditional invasive dr.lling techniques is often inadequate （i.e., lack of later.l r.solution） and]or.econom- ically exor.itant at this scale. However. str.tegic geotechnical dr.lling integr.ted with the br.ad utility of near.sur.ace geophysics, par.icular.y the hor.zontally polar.zed shear.wave （SH-mode） seismic-r.flection technique for.imaging the inter.al str.ctur.l detail and geological foundation conditions of ear.hfill embankment dams can cost-effectively impr.ve the over.ll subsur.ace definition needed for.r.medial engineer.ng. Demonstr.tive evidence for.this supposition is pr.vided in the for. of SH-wave seismic-r.flection imaging of in situ and engineer.d as-built components of flood-contr.l embankment dams at two example sites in the centr.l United States.

关键词： Geophysics Seismic r.flection Shear.wave Near.sur.ace Dam safety

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Optimal slot dimension for.skir. suppor. str.ctur. of coke dr.ms

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Fr.ntier. of Mechanical Engineer.ng 2018年第4期13卷 554-562页

作者： edward WANG Zihui XIA Depar.ment of Mechanical Engineer.ng University of Alberta Edmonton T6G1H9 Canada

The skir.-to-shell junction weld on coke dr.ms is susceptible to fatigue failur. due to sever. ther.al cyclic str.sses. One method to decr.ase junction str.ss is to add slots near.the top of the skir., ther.by r.ducing the local stiffness close to the weld. The most common skir. slot design is thin r.lative to its cir.umfer.ntial spacing. A new slot design, which is significantly wider. is pr.posed. In this study, ther.al-mechanical elastoplastic 3-D finite element models of coke dr.ms ar. cr.ated to analyze the effect of differ.nt skir. designs on the str.ss/str.in field near.the shell-to-skir. junction weld, as well as any other.cr.tical str.ss locations in the over.ll skir. design. The r.sults confir. that the inclusion of the conventional slot design effectively r.duces str.ss in the junction weld. However. it has also been found that the cr.tical str.ss location migr.tes fr.m the shell-to-skir. junction weld to the slot ends. A method is used to estimate the fatigue life near.the cr.tical ar.as of each skir. slot design. It is found that wider.skir. slots pr.vide a significant impr.vement on fatigue life in the weld and slot ar.a.

关键词： coke dr.m str.ss analysis cyclic str.ss fatigue life skir. slots

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Petr.logical implication of wagner.te-Ma5bc in the quar.zofeldspathic gneiss, Lar.emann Hills, East Antar.tica

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Pr.gr.ss in Natur.l Science:Mater.als Inter.ational 2005年第6期15卷 523-529页

作者： edward S. Gr.W 5790 edward T. Br.and r.sear.h Center Depar.ment of Ear.h Sciences Maine 04469-5790 Or.no USA Univer.ity of Maine

Wagner.te-Ma5bc polytype is found in a gneiss associated with cor.ier.te-pr.smatine-bear.ng gneiss, nor.her. Stor.es Peninsula, Lar.emann Hills, East Antar.tica. Wagner.te coexists with apatite and both of them ar. pr.sent as r.ck-for.ing miner.ls. Ca depletion is not essential to the for.ation of wagner.te; sufficient Mg, P and F components, and a r.latively low Ca/Mg r.tio is cr.tical, other.ise only apatite cr.stallizes. Str.ng anatexis of the quar.zofeldspathic gneiss of the ar.a r.sults in differ.ntiation and separ.te enr.chment of leuco- and melanocr.tic components. P and F tend to accumulate in the mafic-r.ch melanocr.tic component, and when their.abundance r.aches cer.ain concentr.tion, wagner.te for.s. It is per.aps the chemistr. of the setting that contr.ls the appear.nce of wagner.te, wher.as the PT condition is r.sponsible for.the var.ety of wagner.te polytype. A disor.er.d polytype cr.stallizes at r.latively high temper.tur., then cools down slowly and tr.nsfor.s into one of the or.er.d polytypes, in this case, the Ma5bc polytype.

关键词： wagner.te-Ma5bc polytype anatexis for.ation condition volatile components Lar.emann Hills.

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