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Understanding Contaminant Veins in Squeeze Casting and Semi-solid Metalworking processes

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特种铸造及有色合金 2003年第Z1期23卷 230-234,238页

作者： edward j. Vinarcik, p.E. Engineer Voctorie Co.8218 Medicine Bow Run Fort WayreIdiana 46825 U.S A

When commercializing the semi-solid metalworking processes, component producers looked to conventional die-casting to identify potential defects and control component quality. Several defects were expected including cold shuts, cold flows, flash, drags, warping, and gas entrapment, just to name a few. Efforts were taken to avoid these defects. A new defect type, contaminant veins, has surfaced unique to semi-solid metalworking. Although, semi-solid metalworking has proven to be successful, component producers have been reluctant to report defects for fear of giving this emerging processes a bad reputation. Nonetheless, this defect must be understood to avoid future problems.

关键词： Contaminant Veins Squeeze Casting Semi-solid Casting

Analysis of pFAAs in American alligators part 2： potential dietary exposure of South Carolina hunters from recreationally harvested alligator meat

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第11期29卷 31-38页

作者： jessica j.Tipton Louis j.Guillette jr Susan Lovelace Benjamin B.parrott Thomas R.Rainwater jessica L.Reiner College of Charleston Charleston SC 29724 USA Medical University of South Carolina Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Charleston SC 29425 USA University of Georgia Odum School of Ecology Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Jackson SC 29831 USA Torn Yawkey Wildlife Center & Belle W. Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science Clemson University P.O. Box 59(5 Georgetown SC 29442 USA National Institute of Standards and Technology Chemical Sciences Division Hollings Marine Laboratory Charleston SC 29412 USA

Exposure to perfluorinated alkyl acids（pFAAs） has been linked to many harmful health effects including reproductive disorders, developmental delays, and altered liver and kidney function. Most human exposure to environmental contaminants, including pFAAs,occurs through consumption of contaminated food or drinking water. This study uses pFAA data from meat samples collected from recreationally harvested American alligators（Alligator mississippiensis） in South Carolina to assess potential dietary exposure of hunters and their families to pFAAs. Consumption patterns were investigated using intercept surveys of 23 hunters at a wild game meat processor. An exposure scenario using the average consumption frequency, portion size, and median perfluorooctane sulfonic acid（pFOS） concentration in alligator meat from all hunt units found the daily dietary exposure to be 2.11 ng/kg body weight per day for an adult human. Dietary pFOS exposure scenarios based on location of harvest suggested the highest daily exposure occurs with alligator meat from the Middle Coastal hunt unit in South Carolina. Although no samples were found to exceed the recommended threshold for no consumption of pFOS found in Minnesota state guidelines, exposure to a mixture of pFAAs found in alligator meat and site-specific exposures based on harvest location should be considered in determining an appropriate guideline for vulnerable populations potentially exposed to pFAAs through consumption of wild alligator meat.

关键词： public hunt American alligator Dietary exposure pFOS Consumption advisory Contaminant consumption

Analysis of pFAAs in American alligators part 1： Concentrations in alligators harvested for consumption during South Carolina public hunts

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第11期29卷 24-30页

作者： jessica j.Tipton Louis j.Guillette jr Susan Lovelace Benjamin B.parrott Thomas R.Rainwater jessica L.Reiner College of Charleston Charleston SC 29424 USA Medical University of South Carolina Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Charleston SC 29425 USA University of Georgia Odum School of Ecology Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Jackson SC 29831 USA Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center & Belle W. Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science Clemson University P.O. Box 596 Georgetown SC 29442 USA National Institute of Standards and Technology Chemical Sciences Division Hollings Marine Laboratory Charleston SC 29412 USA

Environmental contamination resulting from the production or release of harmful chemicals can lead to negative consequences for wildlife and human health. perfluorinated alkyl acids（pFAAs） were historically produced as protective coatings for many household items and currently persist in the environment, wildlife, and humans. pFAAs have been linked to immune suppression, endocrine disruption, and developmental toxicity in wildlife and laboratory studies. This study examines the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis,as an important indicator of ecosystem contamination and a potential pathway for pFAA exposure in humans. Alligator meat harvested in the 2015 South Carolina（SC） public hunt season and prepared for human consumption was collected and analyzed for pFAAs to determine meat concentrations and relationships with animal body size（total length）, sex, and location of harvest. Of the 15 pFAAs analyzed, perfluorooctane sulfonate（pFOS） was found in all alligator meat samples and at the highest concentrations（median 6.73 ng/g）. No relationship was found between pFAA concentrations and total length or *** of one or all compounds varied significantly across sampling locations, with alligators harvested in the Middle Coastal hunt unit having the highest pFOS concentrations（median 16.0 ng/g; p = 0.0001）. Alligators harvested specifically from Berkley County, SC（located in the Middle Coastal hunt unit） had the highest pFOS concentrations and the greatest number of pFAAs detected（p 〈 0.0001）. The site-specific nature of pFAA concentrations in alligator meat observed in this study suggests a source of pFAA contamination in Berkley County, SC.

关键词： perfluorinated alkyl acids American alligators South Carolina perfluorooctane sulfonate(pFOS) Dietary exposure

Whole genome phylogeny of Gallus: introgression and data-type effects

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Avian Research 2020年第1期11卷 1-15页

作者： George p.Tiley Akanksha pandey Rebecca T.Kimball edward L.Braun j.Gordon Burleigh Department of Biology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Department of Biology Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

Background: previous phylogenetic studies that include the four recognized species of Gallus have resulted in a number of distinct topologies, with little agreement. Several factors could lead to the failure to converge on a consistent topology, including introgression, incomplete lineage sorting, different data types, or insufficient ***: We generated three novel whole genome assemblies for Gallus species, which we combined with data from the published genomes of Gallus gallus and Bambusicola thoracicus(a member of the sister genus to Gallus). To determine why previous studies have failed to converge on a single topology, we extracted large numbers of orthologous exons, introns, ultra-conserved elements, and conserved non-exonic elements from the genome assemblies. This provided more than 32 million base pairs of data that we used for concatenated maximum likelihood and multispecies coalescent analyses of ***: All of our analyses, regardless of data type, yielded a single, well-supported topology. We found some evidence for ancient introgression involving specific Gallus lineages as well as modest data type effects that had an impact on support and branch length estimates in specific analyses. However, the estimated gene tree spectra for all data types had a relatively good fit to their expectation given the multispecies ***: Overall, our data suggest that conflicts among previous studies probably reflect the use of smaller datasets(both in terms of number of sites and of loci) in those analyses. Our results demonstrate the importance of sampling large numbers of loci, each of which has a sufficient number of sites to provide robust estimates of gene trees. Low-coverage whole genome sequencing, as we did here, represents a cost-effective means to generate the very large data sets that include multiple data types that enabled us to obtain a robust estimate of Gallus phylogeny.

关键词： Galliformes Incomplete lineage sorting junglefowl Multispecies coalescent phasianidae phylogenomics Species tree

Azoospermia:vasal agenesis

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Asian journal of Andrology 2022年第1期24卷 1-4页

作者： j Sam Fisher edward D Kim Department of Urology University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37920USA

SpECIFIC GENETIC TESTS(CFTR AND INTRON 8 SpLICE VARIANT TESTING)AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE Congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens(CBAVD)and cystic fibrosis(CF)began as separate entities with an apparent clinical *** occurs in 1%–2%of men presenting with infertility at urological departments and has an incidence of 1:1000–1:2000 in Caucasian *** example of this anatomic variant is shown in Figure 1.

关键词： correlation. clinical Figure

power-Sharing Enhancement Using Harmonized Membership Fuzzy Logic Droop Control Based Micro-Grid

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第5期36卷 1395-1415页

作者： W.j.praiselin j.Belwin edward School of Electrical Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyVellore632014TamilnaduIndia

The contribution of Renewable Energy Resources(RER)in the process of power generation is signiﬁcantly high in the recent days since it paves the way for overcoming the issues like serious energy crisis and natural *** paper deals with the renewable energy based micro-grid as it is regarded as the apt solution for integrating the RER with the electrical *** theﬁxed droop coefﬁcients in conventional droop control approaches have caused various limitations like low power-sharing and sudden drops of grid voltage in the Direct Current(DC)side,the Harmonized Membership Fuzzy Logic(MFL)droop control is employed in this present *** proposed droop control for the hybrid pV-wind-battery system with MFL assists in achieving proper power-sharing and minimizing Total Harmonic Distortion(THD)in the emer-gency *** eradicates the deviations in voltage and frequency with itsﬂexible and robust *** THD is reduced and attains the value of 3.1%compared to the traditional droop *** simulation results of harmo-nized MFL droop control are analogized with the conventional approaches to vali-date the performance of the proposed *** addition,the experimental results provided by the Field programmable Gate Array(FpGA)based laboratory setup built using a solar photovoltaic(pV)and wind permanent Magnet Synchro-nous Generator(pMSG)reafﬁrms the design.

关键词： Micro-grid harmonized droop control fuzzy power-sharing total harmonic distortion

THE FORM OF REFORM： REVISITING THE CHOICE AMONG A CREED, A CODE, AND A CATALOGUE

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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected publications from Chinese Universities 2018年第1期13卷 21-33页

作者： edward j. Imwinkelried University of San Francisco San Francisco USA professor University of California Davis School of Law Davis California 95616

In the past, international Evidence law reformers have focused primarily on substantive evidentiary doctrines. However, for reforms to be effective, the courts and legislatures must state the revised doctrines in a form that promotes the overall objectives of the legal system. The basic choice facing reformers is among a creed identifying broad goals, a code stating flexible principles, and a catalogue prescribing detailed rules. In the past, especially in the United States, there was a consensus among Evidence scholars that the code format is preferable. However, if a key objective of a national legal system is to encourage pretrial disposition of cases, the courts and legislatures should give serious thought to utilizing a catalogue format. That format is especially attractive in the doctrinal areas such as privilege in which evidentiary rules are intended to affect primary behavior outside the courtroom.

关键词： evidence reform evidence legislation evidence rules creed code catalogue

Rapid climate change-induced collapse of hunter-gatherer societies in the lower Mississippi River valley between ca. 3300 and 2780 cal yr Bp

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第2期61卷 178-189页

作者： tristram r.kidder edward r.henry lee j.arco Department of Anthropology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis 63130 USA Geoarehaeology Laboratory Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis 63130 USA GAI Consultants Inc. Homestead PA 15120 USA Teaching and Experimental Center for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage protection Henan University Kaifeng 475001 China

Hunter-gatherer communities in the American Southeast reached an apogee of social and political complexity in the period between ca. 4200 and 3000 cal yr Bp. In the lower Mississippi Valley(LMV) the poverty point culture defined this period of socio-political elaboration. However, following a significant period of climate change that led to exceptional flooding and a major reorganization of the course of the Mississippi River, this culture collapsed beginning ca. 3300–3200 cal yr Bp and the LMV was abandoned for the subsequent 500 years. In this study, we use data from the jaketown site in the Yazoo Basin of west-central Mississippi to refine the chronology of the climate event that caused the collapse of the poverty point culture. A large flood buried poverty point-era occupation deposits at jaketown around 3310 cal yr Bp. Lateral migration of the Mississippi River during flooding led to inundation of the Yazoo Basin and re-occupation of ancient river courses. A coarse sand stratum topped by a more than a meter-thick fining upward sediment package marks a crevasse deposit caused by a rupture of the natural levee at jaketown. This levee breach was part of a larger pattern of erratic flooding throughout the LMV and is associated with major landscape evolution and the abandonment of poverty point sites within the valley. Early Woodland peoples re-colonized the crevasse surface after ca. 2780 cal yr Bp. Following this event, the jaketown site and the eastern Yazoo Basin witnessed a period of landscape stability that lasts to this day. These archaeological data demonstrate how climate change and natural disasters can lead to socio-political dissolution and reorganization even in relatively small-scale hunter-gatherer populations.

关键词： Rapid climate change Hunter-gatherers Flooding Mississippi River Valley poverty point jaketown site

Temperature-induced hormesis in plants

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journal of Forestry Research 2019年第1期30卷 13-20页

作者： Evgenios Agathokleous Mitsutoshi Kitao Hisanori Harayama edward j.Calabrese Hokkaido Research Center Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI) Forest Research and Management Organization Research Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University Department of Environmental Health Sciences Morrill IN344 University of Massachusetts

Environmental change attracts particular attention by biologists concerned with the performance of biological systems under stress. To investigate these, dose–response relationships should be clarified. It was previously assumed that the fundamental nature of biological dose–responses follows a linear model, either with no threshold or with a threshold below which no effects are expected to occur in biological endpoints. However, substantial literature, including widespread documentation in plants, has revealed that hormesis commonly occurs. Hormesis is highly generalized and can be utilized as a quantitative measure of biological plasticity. Conditioning induced by adaptive responses also occurs in the framework of hormesis and is of particular importance to environmental change biology with regards to evolutionary *** paper presents additional evidence for hormetic dose responses induced by temperature in plants. The current understanding on hormesis provides a perspective for next generation environmental change research. Hormesis should have a central role in environmental change biology of vegetation.

关键词： Adaptive response Biological plasticity Dose response Hormesis Stress biology