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The impact of iodinated X-ray contrast agents on formation and toxicity of disinfection by-products in drinking water

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 173-182页

作者： Clara H.Jeong edward J.Machek Morteza Shakeri Stephen e.Duirk Thomas A.Ternes Susan D.Richardson elizabeth D.Wagner Michael J.Plewa Molecular and environmental Toxicology Center School of Medicine and Public Health University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI USA Department of Civil engineering University of Akron Akron OH USA Department of Water Chemistry Federal Institute of Hydrology Koblenz Germany Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA Department of Crop Sciences and the Safe Global Water Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA

The presence of iodinated X-ray contrast media（ICM） in source waters is of high concern to public health because of their potential to generate highly toxic disinfection by-products（DBPs）. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of ICM in source waters and the type of disinfectant on the overall toxicity of DBP mixtures and to determine which ICM and reaction conditions give rise to toxic by-products. Source waters collected from Akron,OH were treated with five different ICMs, including iopamidol, iopromide, iohexol,diatrizoate and iomeprol, with or without chlorine or chloramine disinfection. The reaction product mixtures were concentrated with XAD resins and the mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the reaction mixture concentrates was measured. Water containing iopamidol generated an enhanced level of mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity after disinfection. While chlorine disinfection with iopamidol resulted in the highest cytotoxicity overall, the relative iopamidol-mediated increase in toxicity was greater when chloramine was used as the disinfectant compared with chlorine. Four other ICMs（iopromide, iohexol, diatrizoate, and iomeprol） expressed some cytotoxicity over the control without any disinfection, and induced higher cytotoxicity when chlorinated. Only iohexol enhanced genotoxicity compared to the chlorinated source water.

关键词： Disinfection by-products Iodo-DBPs Iodinated X-ray contrast media

Machine-learned metrics for predicting the likelihood of success in materials discovery

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 539-547页

作者： Yoolhee Kim edward Kim erin Antono Bryce Meredig Julia Ling Citrine Informatics Redwood CityCA 94063USA

Materials discovery is often compared to the challenge of finding a needle in a *** much work has focused on accurately predicting the properties of candidate materials with machine learning(ML),which amounts to evaluating whether a given candidate is a piece of straw or a needle,less attention has been paid to a critical question:are we searching in the right haystack?We refer to the haystack as the design space for a particular materials discovery problem(i.e.,the set of possible candidate materials to synthesize),and thus frame this question as one of design space *** this paper,we introduce two metrics,the predicted fraction of improved candidates(PFIC),and the cumulative maximum likelihood of improvement(CMLI),which we demonstrate can identify discovery-rich and discovery-poor design spaces,respectively.A combined classification system,composed of the CMLI and PFIC metrics,is then used to identify optimal design spaces with high precision,and thus show the potential to significantly accelerate ML-driven materials discovery.

关键词： likelihood predicting searching

Quantifying defects in thin films using machine vision

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 737-742页

作者： Nina Taherimakhsousi Benjamin P.MacLeod Fraser G.L.Parlane Thomas D.Morrissey edward P.Booker Kevan e.Dettelbach Curtis P.Berlinguette Department of Chemistry The University of British Columbia2036 Main MallVancouverBC V6T 1Z1Canada Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute The University of British Columbia2355 East MallVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada Department of Chemical&Biological engineering The University of British Columbia2360 East MallVancouverBC V6T 1Z3Canada Canadian Institute for Advanced Research(CIFAR) MaRS Innovation Centre661 University Ave.Suite 505TorontoON M5G 1M1Canada

The sensitivity of thin-film materials and devices to defects motivates extensive research into the optimization of film *** research could be accelerated by automated experiments that characterize the response of film morphology to synthesis *** imaging can resolve morphological defects in thin films and is readily integrated into automated experiments but the large volumes of images produced by such systems require automated *** approaches to automatically analyzing film morphologies in optical images require application-specific customization by software experts and are not robust to changes in image content or imaging ***,we present a versatile convolutional neural network(CNN)for thin-film image analysis which can identify and quantify the extent of a variety of defects and is applicable to multiple materials and imaging *** CNN is readily adapted to new thin-film image analysis tasks and will facilitate the use of imaging in automated thin-film research systems.

关键词： film thin image

The technique of utilizing a single gracilis functional muscle transfer to restore quadriceps function following sarcoma surgery

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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2019年第12期6卷 37-46页

作者： Christopher M.Nguyen Imran Ratanshi Jennifer L.Giuffre edward W.Buchel Thomas e.J.Hayakawa Section of Plastic Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of ManitobaWinnipeg R3A 1R9Canada The Plastic Surgery Group Fraser Health AuthoritySurreyBritish Columbia V3V 1Z2Canada

Aim:Quadriceps strength and knee extension,the most important factors limiting the ability to rise from a chair,are crucial for walking at an appropriate speed,ascending and descending stairs,and performing activities such as running,dancing,and *** of the anterior compartment of the thigh,including all four quadriceps muscles,for the treatment of a sarcoma is uncommon;however,when necessary,it is very debilitating and adversely affects a patient's quality of life without functional ***,there are a limited number of complex and difficult reconstructions to restore quadriceps function that have been described with variable *** describe a simple technique that employs a single gracilis functional muscle transfer to replace essential quadriceps ***:This is a case series describing the use of either a free or pedicled single gracilis muscle to restore quadriceps function following sarcoma ***:Four patients underwent an anterior compartment sarcoma resection that resulted in a large segmental defect and/or denervation of all four quadriceps muscles such that no quadriceps function would remain without *** four patients underwent a functional reconstruction using a single *** of the living patients achieved British Medical Research Counsel Grade 4 strength,can achieve full knee extension,are able to navigate stairs,and are able to ambulate without a *** fourth patient unfortunately was deceased in under three months following his tumor ***:Despite its small size in comparison to the quadriceps muscles,with physiotherapy and training,the gracilis muscle demonstrates the capacity to hypertrophy and replace quadriceps function following limb salvage surgery.

关键词： Knee extension re-animation functional muscle transfer free flap pedicled flap sarcoma microsurgery quadriceps reconstruction

A Perturbative-Based Generalized Series expansion in Terms of Non-Orthogonal Component Functions

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Applied Mathematics 2017年第1期8卷 106-116页

作者： Robert B. Szlavik Dana Paquin Galen e. Turner iii Department of Biomedical engineering California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo USA Department of Mathematics California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics Louisiana Tech University Ruston USA

In this paper we present a generalized perturbative approximate series expansion in terms of non-orthogonal component functions. The expansion is based on a perturbative formulation where, in the non-orthogonal case, the contribution of a given component function, at each point, in the time domain or frequency in the Fourier domain, is assumed to be perturbed by contributions from the other component functions in the set. In the case of orthogonal basis functions, the formulation reduces to the non-perturbative case approximate series expansion. Application of the series expansion is demonstrated in the context of two non-orthogonal component function sets. The technique is applied to a series of non-orthogonalized Bessel functions of the first kind that are used to construct a compound function for which the coefficients are determined utilizing the proposed approach. In a second application, the technique is applied to an example associated with the inverse problem in electrophysiology and is demonstrated through decomposition of a compound evoked potential from a peripheral nerve trunk in terms of contributing evoked potentials from individual nerve fibers of varying diameter. An additional application of the perturbative approximation is illustrated in the context of a trigonometric Fourier series representation of a continuous time signal where the technique is used to compute an approximation of the Fourier series coefficients. From these examples, it will be demonstrated that in the case of non-orthogonal component functions, the technique performs significantly better than the generalized Fourier series which can yield nonsensical results.

关键词： Non-Orthogonal Functions Series expansion Approximate Series expansion Perturbative-Based Approximate expansion Numerical Approximations

Benchmarking the performance of Bayesian optimization across multiple experimental materials science domains

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1742-1751页

作者： Qiaohao Liang Aldair e.Gongora Zekun Ren Armi Tiihonen Zhe Liu Shijing Sun James R.Deneault Daniil Bash Flore Mekki-Berrada Saif A.Khan Kedar Hippalgaonkar Benji Maruyama Keith A.Brown John Fisher iii Tonio Buonassisi Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMAUnited States Boston University BostonMAUnited States Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology SingaporeSingapore Air Force Research Laboratory DaytonOhioUnited States Agency for Science Technology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore National University of Singapore SingaporeSingapore Present address:Aalto University EspooFinland Present address:Northwestern Polytechincal University(NPU) Xi’anShaanxi P.R.China

Bayesian optimization(BO)has been leveraged for guiding autonomous and high-throughput experiments in materials ***,few have evaluated the efficiency of BO across a broad range of experimental materials *** this work,we quantify the performance of BO with a collection of surrogate model and acquisition function pairs across five diverse experimental materials *** defining acceleration and enhancement metrics for materials optimization objectives,we find that surrogate models such as Gaussian Process(GP)with anisotropic kernels and Random Forest(RF)have comparable performance in BO,and both outperform the commonly used GP with isotropic *** with anisotropic kernels has demonstrated the most robustness,yet RF is a close alternative and warrants more consideration because it is free from distribution assumptions,has smaller time complexity,and requires less effort in initial hyperparameter *** also raise awareness about the benefits of using GP with anisotropic kernels in future materials optimization campaigns.

关键词： optimization performance acceleration

3,6-Bis-β-Dicarbonylsubstituted Carbazoles Bearing N-Spacers and Their eu(iii) Complexes as Immunofluorescent Labelling Agents

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International Journal of Organic Chemistry 2024年第1期14卷 20-31页

作者： Dmitry e. Pugachev Georgy V. Zatonsky Tatyana S. Kostryukova Anna G. Shubina Nikolay V. Vasiliev Department of Biological Microanalysis FGUP State Research Institute of Biological Engineering Moscow Russia Department of Theoretical and Applied Chemistry State University of Education Mytishchi Russia

New reagents for immunofluorescence analysis of carbazole series containing fluorinated β-dicarbonyl fragments and carboxylic substituent groups separated by spacers of different lengths from the light-gathering carbazole scaffold have been developed. The markers in complex with eu3+ ions possess stability in the aqueous phase, intense and prolonged luminescence (τ 550 - 570 μs) with characteristic emission maxima in the region of 615 nm and excitation wavelengths in the region of 380 - 390 nm, which distinguishes them from most of the analogs used. In the study of marker conjugation with streptavidin, a reagent containing 4 - 5 europium labeling complexes based on spacer-containing carbazole tetraketone was obtained. The marker-doped silicate nanoparticles exhibit intense and long-lived luminescence in the characteristic region.

关键词： Fluorescence Immunoassay Fluorinated β-Diketones Carbazole europium Complexes Streptavidin Nanodispersions

Research on water ice content in Cabeus crater using the data from the microwave radiometer onboard Chang’e-1 satellite

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第12期53卷 2172-2178页

作者： MeNG ZhiGuo CHeN ShengBo edward Matthew OSeI Jnr WANG ZiJun CUI TengFei College of Geoexploration Science and Technology Jilin UniversityChangchun 130026China Department of Geomatic engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana

The existence, formation and content of water ice in the lunar permanently shaded region is one of the important questions for the current Moon study. On October 9, 2009, the LCROSS mission spacecraft impacted the Moon, and the initial result verified the existence of water on the Moon. But the study on formation and content of water ice is still under debate. The existence of water ice can change the dielectric constants of the lunar regolith, and a microwave radiometer is most sensitive to the dielectric parameters. Based on this, in this paper, the radiation transfer model is improved according to the simulation results in high frequency. Then the mixture dielectric constant models, including Odelevsky model, Wagner and landau-Lifshitz model, Clau-sius model, Gruggeman-Hanai model, etc., are analyzed and compared. The analyzing results indicate that the biggest difference occurs between Lichtenecker model and the improved Dobson model. The values estimated by refractive model are the second biggest in all the models. And the results from Odelevsky model, strong fluctuation model, Wagner and Landau –Lifshitz model, Clausius model and Bruggeman-Hanai model are very near to each other. Thereafter, the relation between volume water ice content and microwave brightness temperature is constructed with Odelevsky mixing dielectric model and the improved radiative transfer simulation, and the volume water ice content in Cabeus crater is retrieved with the data from microwave radiometer onboard Chang’e-1 satellite. The results present that the improved radiative transfer model is proper for the brightness temperature simulation of the one infinite regolith layer in high frequency. The brightness temperature in Cabeus crater is 69.93 K (37 GHz), and the corresponding volume water ice content is about 2.8%.

关键词： Cabeus crater CeLMS radiation transfer simulation mixture dielectric constant model water ice content

Analysis of new bone,cartilage,and fibrosis tissue in healing murine allografts using whole slide imaging and a new automated histomorphometric algorithm

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Bone Research 2015年第4期3卷 226-234页

作者： Longze Zhang Martin Chang Christopher A Beck edward M Schwarz Brendan F Boyce Center for Musculoskeletal Research School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Rochester Medical Center

Histomorphometric analysis of histologic sections of normal and diseased bone samples,such as healing allografts and fractures,is widely used in bone ***,the utility of traditional semi-automated methods is limited because they are labor-intensive and can have high interobserver variability depending upon the parameters being assessed,and primary data cannot be re-analyzed *** histomorphometry has long been recognized as a solution for these issues,and recently has become more feasible with the development of digital whole slide imaging and computerized image analysis systems that can interact with digital ***,we describe the development and validation of an automated application（algorithm）using Visiopharm＇s image analysis system to quantify newly formed bone,cartilage,and fibrous tissue in healing murine femoral allografts in high-quality digital images of H＆e/alcian blue-stained decalcified histologic *** validate this algorithm,we compared the results obtained independently using OsteoMeasureTM and Visiopharm image analysis *** intraclass correlation coefficient between Visiopharm and OsteoMeasure was very close to one for all tissue elements tested,indicating nearly perfect reproducibility across *** new algorithm represents an accurate and labor-efficient method to quantify bone,cartilage,and fibrous tissue in healing mouse allografts.

关键词： cartilage slide automated healing fibrous Figure automatically sections segmentation quantify