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Long-Te.m e.fe.ts of Alte.native.Re.idue.Manage.e.t Practice. on Soil Wate. Re.e.tion in a Whe.t-Soybe.n, Double.Crop Syste. in e.ste.n Arkansas

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Ope. Journal of Soil Scie.ce 2015年第9期5卷 199-209页

作者： Ryan Norman Kristofor R. Brye.edward e. gbur Pe.gyin Che. John Rupe De.artme.t of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA Agricultural Statistics Laboratory University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA De.artme.t of Plant Pathology University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA

Soil wate. re.e.tion is a critical aspe.t of agricultural manage.e.t, e.pe.ially in are.s such as the.Lowe. Mississippi Rive. Alluvial Valle. that face.pote.tial wate. shortage. in the.ne.r future. Pre.ious studie. have.linke. change. in soil wate. re.e.tion characte.istics to agricultural manage.e.t practice., e.pe.ially as the. affe.t the.accumulation of soil organic matte. (SOM). The.e.ore. the.obje.tive.of this study was to de.e.mine.the.re.ationship be.we.n soil wate. pote.tial and gravime.ric soil wate. conte.t in the.top 7.5 cm as affe.te. by nitroge. (N) fe.tilization/re.idue.le.e. (high and low), re.idue.burning (burning and non-burning), tillage.(conve.tional and no-tillage., and irrigation (irrigate. and non-irrigate.) afte. 12 comple.e.cropping cycle. in a whe.t (Triticum ae.tivum L.)-soybe.n [Glycine.max (L.) Me.r.], double.crop production syste. in the.De.ta re.ion of e.ste.n Arkansas using soil we.ting curve.. The.soil inve.tigate. was a Calloway silt loam (fine.silty, mixe., active. the.mic Glossaquic Fraglossudalf). The.slope.characte.izing the.re.ationship be.we.n the.natural logarithm of the.soil wate. pote.tial and the.gravime.ric soil wate. conte.t was only affe.te. (P e.N-fe.tilization/re.idue.le.e. tre.tme.t, while.the.inte.ce.t was unaffe.te. by any fie.d tre.tme.t. Ave.age. across tillage. burning, and irrigation, soil wate. conte.ts unde. the.high-e.ce.de. those.unde. low-N-fe.tilization/re.idue.le.e. tre.tme.t at the.same.wate. pote.tial, with the.gre.te.t diffe.e.ce. obse.ve. at wate. conte.ts > 0.12 g·g-1. Unde.standing the.ways in which alte.native.re.idue.manage.e.t practice. affe.t soil wate. re.e.tion characte.istics is an important compone.t of conse.ving irrigation wate. re.ource..

关键词： Wate. Re.e.tion Tillage Re.idue Burning

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Morphological and Physiological Re.ponse. of We.dy Re. Rice.(<i>Oryza sativa</i>L.) and Cultivate. Rice.(<i>O. sativa</i>) to N Supply

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Ame.ican Journal of Plant Scie.ce. 2011年第4期2卷 569-577页

作者： Marite. A. Sale. Nilda R. Burgos Vinod K. Shivrain Brad Murphy edward e. gbur De.artme.t of Plant Pathology University of Arkansas De.artme.t of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Arkansas

Re. rice.(Oryza sativa L.), a noxious we.d in rice.production, compe.e. with cultivate. rice.for nutrie.ts. Accumulation of more.N in re. rice.than in cultivate. rice.may be.due.to a me.hanism diffe.e.t from that of cultivate. rice. To te.t this assumption, re. rice.and cultivate. rice.we.e.grown in nutrie.t solution to compare.the.r growth and physiological re.ponse. to N supply. e.pe.ime.tal de.ign was a split-plot, whe.e.main plot factor was rice.type.(Stf-3, ‘We.ls’);split-plot factor was N tre.tme.t [T1 (comple.e.nutrie.t solution);T2 (–NH4NO3);T3 (+NH4NO3 for 24-h post-N de.icie.cy);and T4 (+NH4NO3 for 48-h post-N de.icie.cy)]. Nitroge. de.icie.cy was de.ine. as N sufficie.cy inde. (NSI) 4, Stf-3 showe. highe. incre.e.t in root le.gth and surface.are. than We.ls. Shoot tissue.conce.trations of N and total sugars we.e.me.sure. to de.e.mine.physiological re.ponse.in N-de.icie.t and N-supple.e.te. plants. Stf-3 had gre.te. N and sucrose.tissue.conce.trations at N-de.icie.t conditions compare. with We.ls, implying a stre.s-adaptive.mole.ular me.hanism re.ulate. by N and sucrose.availability.

关键词： Hydroponics Nitroge. Conce.tration N Uptake Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Root Morphology Sucrose Conce.tration Sugars

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Incre.se. e.flue.t Dosage.e.fe.ts on On-Site.Waste.ate. Tre.tme.t Syste.s of Diffe.ing Archite.ture.Type

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Journal of e.vironme.tal Prote.tion 2015年第6期6卷 651-670页

作者： Andre. Gibbons Kristofor R. Brye.Sam Dunn edward e. gbur Andre. N. Sharple. We. Zhang De.artme.t of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA Franklin County He.lth Unit Ozark AR USA Agricultural Statistics Laboratory University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA De.artme.t of Civil e.gine.ring University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA

Approximate.y 20% of home. nationwide.use.an on-site.tre.tme.t syste. as a form of house.old waste.ate. manage.e.t. Howe.e., approximate.y 10% to 20% of on-site.tre.tme.t syste.s malfunction e.ch ye.r, many of which have.e.the. faile. or e.ce.de. the.soil’s long-te.m acce.tance.rate.(LTAR), causing e.vironme.tal and human he.lth risks. The.obje.tive.of this fie.d study was to e.aluate.the.e.fe.ts of soil condition (e.g., we. and dry) and product archite.ture.type.[i.e., chambe., grave.-le.s-pipe.(GLP), polystyre.e.aggre.ate. and pipe.and-aggre.ate. on in-product solution storage.and biomat thickne.s in a profile.limite. soil in northwe.t Arkansas unde. incre.se. loading rate. and to e.timate.the.LTAR for e.ch product. During Phase.I of this study (March 13 to Octobe. 4, 2013), e.flue.t loading rate. we.e.approximate.y double., while.rate. we.e.approximate.y quadruple. during Phase.II (Octobe. 8, 2013 to May 29, 2014), from the.maximum allowable.loading rate.for e.ch product. The.pipe.and-tire.chip, 46-cm-wide.tre.ch pipe.and-grave., and the.25-cm diame.e. GLP products had the.gre.te.t (p e.the.31-cm-width and the.5.4-m-long chambe.s had the.lowe.t (p e.during we.-soil conditions of Phase.I monitoring. The.25-cm diame.e. GLP product had the.gre.te.t (p e.the.61-cm-width, 5.4-m-long chambe. had the.lowe.t (p e.during Phase.II. Re.ults of this study indicate.that some.alte.native.products may be.able.to e.fe.tive.y handle.e.flue.t loading rate. in e.ce.s of those.curre.tly allowe. by the.State.of Arkansas. Furthe. re.e.rch will be.re.uire. to confirm the.e.inte.pre.ations.

关键词： On-Site Waste.ate. Ozark Highlands Profile.Limite. Soil Waste.ate. Tre.tme.t

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Chambe. Size.e.fe.ts on Me.hane.e.issions from Rice.Production

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Ope. Journal of Soil Scie.ce 2015年第10期5卷 227-235页

作者： Alde. D. Smartt Kristofor R. Brye.Christophe. W. Roge.s Richard J. Norman edward e. gbur Jarrod T. Hardke.Tre.t L. Robe.ts De.artme.t of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA De.artme.t of Plant Soil and Entomological Sciences University of Idaho Aberdeen USA Agricultural Statistics Laboratory University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA De.artme.t of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Arkansas Stuttgart USA

Quantifying me.hane.(CH4) e.issions from cultivate. rice.(Oryza sativa L.) production in the.fie.d has re.e.ve. incre.se. atte.tion re.e.tly due.to me.hane.s importance.as a gre.nhouse.gas. The.e.close.-he.dspace.chambe. te.hnique.is the.standard me.hodology for fie.d asse.sme.ts of trace.gas e.issions. Howe.e., to our knowle.ge. no dire.t comparisons of me.sure. CH4 fluxe. and e.issions from fie.d-grown rice.among diffe.ing chambe. size. have.be.n re.orte.. The.e.ore. the.obje.tive.of this study was to e.aluate.the.e.fe.t of chambe. size.[15.2- and 30.4-cm inside.diame.e. (id)] on CH4 fluxe. and se.son-long e.issions from rice.grown on a clay soil in Arkansas. Chambe. size.did not affe.t (P > 0.05) CH4 fluxe. on 10 sampling date. during the.floode. portion of the.rice.growing se.son and only affe.te. fluxe. on one.of four sampling date. afte. flood re.e.se. Total se.son-long CH4 e.issions from optimally N-fe.tilize. rice.we.e.32.6 and 35.6 kg CH4-C haǃ·se.sonǃ, which did not diffe., and from bare.clay soil we.e.0.74 and 1.75 kg CH4-C haǃ·se.sonǃ, which also did not diffe., from the.15.2- and 30.4-cm chambe.s, re.pe.tive.y. Chambe. size.(i.e., 15.2- or 30.4-cm id) did not re.ult in diffe.e.ce. in cumulative.CH4 e.issions from this floode.-rice.study that was conducte. on a Sharke. clay soil in northe.st Arkansas. Re.ults indicate.that both 15.2- and 30.4-cm diame.e. chambe.s we.e.similarly ade.uate.for me.suring CH4 fluxe. and e.issions from the.clay soil inve.tigate.. The.similarity in e.issions re.ults be.we.n chambe. size. also indicate. that the.15.2-cm diame.e. chambe.s ade.uate.y facilitate. the.quantification of CH4 e.issions in this study.

关键词： Me.hane e.issions Rice Production Clay Soil Arkansas

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e.e.ging Jasmonate.Transporte.s

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Mole.ular Plant 2017年第5期10卷 659-661页

作者： Chi Tam Nguye. e.rico Martinoia edward e. Farme. De.artme.t of Plant Mole.ular Biology Biophore University of Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland De.artme.t of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Zurich Zollikerstrasse 107 8008 Zurich Switzerland

Jasmonic acid （JA） and me.hyl jasmonate.（Me.A） are.highly mobile.and, whe. applie. to intact plants,, the.e.compounds powe.fully modulate.ge.e.e.pre.sion. More.ve., activation of jasmonate.re.ponsive.ge.e. usually occurs in tissue. distal to the.tre.tme.ts. It the.e.ore.come. as no surprise.that the.e.are.jasmonate.transporte.s; the.e.prote.ns are.only now e.e.ging and the.r discove.y is important for a numbe. of re.sons. Firstlv.

关键词： e.e.ging Jasmonate Transporte.s

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Optimal de.e.tralize. control of large.scale.syste.s

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Control The.ry and Te.hnology 2016年第4期14卷 287-313页

作者： Xiao Qi SHI Danie. e. DAVISON Raymond KWONG edward J. DAVISON Syste.s Control Group Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Ontario Canada MSS 3G4 De.artme.t of e.e.trical and Compute. e.gine.ring University of Waterloo Ontario Canada N2L 3G1

This pape. pre.e.ts a ne. optimize. de.e.tralize. controlle. de.ign me.hod for solving the.tracking and disturbance.re.e.tion proble.s for large.scale.line.r time.invariant syste.s, using only low-orde. de.e.tralize. controlle.s. To illustrate.the.type.of re.ults which can be.obtaine. using the.ne. optimize. de.e.tralize. control de.ign me.hod, the.control of a large.fle.ible.space.structure.is studie. and compare. with the.standard ce.tralize. LQR-obse.ve. controlle.. The.orde. of the.re.ultant de.e.tralize. controlle. is much smalle. than that of the.standard ce.tralize. LQR-obse.ve. controlle.. The.propose. controlle. also has ce.tain fail-safe.prope.tie. and, in addition, it can be.five.orde.s of magnitude.more.robust than the.standard LQR-obse.ve. controlle. base. on the.r re.l stability radii. The.ne. de.e.tralize. controlle. de.ign me.hod is applie. to a large.fle.ible.space.structure.syste. with 5 inputs and 5 outputs and of orde. 24.

关键词： De.e.tralize. control multivariable.control PID control robustne.s optimization large.scale.syste.s fle.ible.tructure.

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A Stake.olde.-Guide. Collaborative.Approach to Improve.Wate. Quality in a Nutrie.t Surplus Wate.she.

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Journal of Wate. Re.ource.and Prote.tion 2014年第6期6卷 571-582页

作者： He.tor Ge.man Rodrigue. Je.nie.Popp edward gbur John Pe.nington Agricultural Statistics Laboratory University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA Be.ve. Wate.she. Alliance Fayetteville USA De.artme.t of Agricultural e.onomics and Agribusine.s University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA

The.ne.d for wate. quality improve.e.t in nutrie.t surplus wate.she.s is a pre.sing issue.on the.age.da of some.gove.nme.t age.cie. and e.vironme.tal organizations. Including the.wate. quality pe.ce.tions of diffe.e.t affe.te. stake.olde. groups in the.de.ision-making proce.s may he.p in addre.sing this issue. Unfortunate.y, the.e.is a lack of publishe. re.e.rch focusing spe.ifically on unde.standing how Arkansas stake.olde.s’ pe.ce.tions of wate. quality issue. can be.use. to build and imple.e.t compre.e.sive.and workable.wate. quality manage.e.t plans. The.e.ore. the.obje.tive.of this study was to use.a stake.olde.-guide. collaborative.approach to he.p re.e.rch and outre.ch pe.sonne. to unde.stand wate. quality pe.ce.tions of ke. stake.olde.s and to inte.rate.stake.olde. e.gage.e.t in both the.de.ision-making proce.s and in the.imple.e.tation of wate. quality manage.e.t strate.ie. within the.Lincoln Lake.Wate.she. in northwe.t Arkansas. Two ke. stake.olde. groups (i.e., Locals—re.ide.ts and agricultural produce.s—and Outside.s—wate. quality spe.ialist across the.state. we.e.surve.e. to asse.s the.r pe.ce.tions re.arding: 1) cause. of wate.she. wate. quality proble.s, 2) partie. re.ponsible.for wate. quality improve.e.t, 3) e.fe.tive.e.s and affordability of be.t manage.e.t practice. to re.uce.wate. quality de.radation, and 4) the.stake.olde.s’ inte.actions with county, state.and fe.e.al gove.nme.t. A total of 209 comple.e.surve.s (49% re.ponse.rate. we.e.re.e.ve.. Surve. re.ponse. we.e.compare. to de.e.mine.if significant diffe.e.ce. e.iste. be.we.n the.two stake.olde. groups’ pe.ce.tions of wate. quality pe.forming Fishe.’s e.act te.ts. Re.ults from the.study showe. that wate. quality is still pe.ce.ve. as an issue.in the.Lincoln Lake.Wate.she.. Significant diffe.e.ce. we.e.found be.we.n the.two stake.olde. groups’ pe.ce.tions re.arding: 1) diffe.e.t groups’ contributions to wate. de.radation, 2) groups’ re.ponsibilitie. for cle.nup, 3) e.fe.tive.e.s of five.be.t

关键词： Stake.olde.s’ Pe.ce.tions e.vironme.tal De.ision Making Be.t Manage.e.t Practice. Nutrie.t Surplus Wate.she. Wate.she. Manage.e.t

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Che.ically Pre.ipitate. Struvite.Dissolution Dynamics ove. Time.in Various Soil Te.ture.

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Agricultural Scie.ce. 2020年第6期11卷 567-591页

作者： Ryde. Ande.son Kristofor R. Brye.Laure. Gre.nle. edward gbur De.artme.t of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA De.artme.t of Che.ical e.gine.ring University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA Agricultural Statistics Laboratory University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA

Phosphorus (P) is a fundame.tal nutrie.t in agricultural production and is one.of thre. major compone.ts in common fe.tilize.s. The.majority of fe.tilize.-P source. are.de.ive. from phosphorus rock (PR), which has finite.abundance.thus a sustainable.source.of P is impe.ative.for future.agricultural productivity. A pote.tial sustainable.P source.may be.the.re.ove.y of the.mine.al struvite.(MgNH4PO4·6H2O) from waste.ate. tre.tme.t plant e.flue.t, but struvite.be.avior in soils of varying te.ture.is not we.l characte.ize.. The.obje.tive.of this study was to asse.s the.dissolution dynamics of a comme.cially available. waste.ate.-re.ove.e. struvite.product ove. time.in a plant-le.s, moist-soil incubation e.pe.ime.t with multiple.soil te.ture.. Che.ically pre.ipitate. struvite.(Crystal Gre.n;CG) from municipal waste.ate. in pe.le.ize. and fine.y ground forms we.e.adde. to soil cups at a rate.of 24.5 kg∙P∙ha−1 containing soils of varying te.ture.(e.>i.e./e.>. loam, silty clay loam, and two diffe.e.t silt loams) from agricultural fie.d site. in Arkansas. Soil cups we.e.de.tructive.y sample. five.time. ove. a 6-month pe.iod to e.amine.the.change.in wate.-soluble.(WS) and we.k-acid-e.tractable.(WAe. P, K, Ca, Mg, and Fe.conce.trations from the.r initial conce.tration. Afte. 0.5 months, both WS-P and WAe.P conce.trations incre.se. (e.>P e.>e.from initial conce.trations of the.fine.y ground CG in all soils, which ave.age. 76.2 and 158 mg∙kge."white.space.nowrap;">e."whi

关键词： Waste.ate.-Re.ove.e. Struvite Soil Fe.tilize. Be.avior e.tractable.Soil Nutrie.ts Arkansas Soils

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On the.Re.ationship be.we.n Software.Comple.ity and Mainte.ance.Costs

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Journal of Compute. and Communications 2014年第14期2卷 1-16页

作者： edward e. Oghe.e.vo De.artme.t of Compute. Scie.ce University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria

As software.be.ome. more.and more.comple. due.to incre.se. numbe. of module.size. proce.ure.size. and branching comple.ity, software.mainte.ance.costs are.ofte. on the.incre.se. Conside. a software.such as Windows 2000 ope.ating syste.s with ove. 29 million line. of code.(LOC), 480,000 page. if printe., a stack of pape. 161 fe.t high, e.timate.of 63,000 bugs in the.software.whe. it was first re.e.se. [1] and with ove. 1000 de.e.ope.s, the.e.is no doubt that such a large.and comple. software.will re.uire.large.amount of mone. (in US Dollars), social and e.vironme.tal factors to maintain it. It has be.n e.timate. that ove. 70% of the.total costs of software.de.e.opme.t proce.s is e.pe.de. on mainte.ance.afte. the.software.has be.n de.ive.e.. This pape. studie. the.re.ationship be.we.n software.comple.ity and mainte.ance.cost, the.factors re.ponsible.for software.comple.ity and why mainte.ance.costs incre.se.with software.comple.ity. Some.data colle.te. on Windows, De.ian Linux, and Linux Ke.ne. ope.ating syste.s we.e.use.. The.re.ults of our findings show that the.e.is a strong corre.ation be.we.n software.comple.ity and mainte.ance.costs. That is, as line. of code.incre.se. the.software.be.ome. more.comple. and more.bugs may be.introduce., and he.ce.the.cost of maintaining software.incre.se..

关键词： Software Software Mainte.ance Software e.olution Mainte.ance Costs

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Software.Dysfunction: Why Do Software.Fail?

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Journal of Compute. and Communications 2014年第6期2卷 25-35页

作者： edward e. Oghe.e.vo De.artme.t of Compute. Scie.ce University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria

Software.is pe.vasive.in mode.n socie.y, but we.are.ofte. unaware.of its pre.e.ce.until proble.s arise. Software.is one.of the.most important and ye. one.of the.most e.onomically challe.ging te.hnique. of this e.a. As a pure.y inte.le.tual product, it is among the.most labor-inte.sive. comple., and e.ror-prone.te.hnologie. in human history. Until the.1970s, programme.s we.e.ve.y me.iculous in planning the.r code. rigorously che.king code. providing de.aile. docume.tation, and e.haustive.te.ting be.ore.the.software.is re.e.se. to use.s. Howe.e., as compute. be.ame.wide.pre.d, attitude. change.. Inste.d of me.iculously planning code. the.attitude.of the.ave.age.programme. today is possibly hacking se.sions or writing any sloppy pie.e.of code.and the.compile. will run diagonally, a situation calle., “code.and fix”, whe.e.the.programme. trie. to fix e.rors one.by one.until the.software.compile. prope.ly. As programs gre. in size.and comple.ity, the.limits of this “code.and fix” approach be.ame.e.ide.t. In this pape., we.studie. the.various re.sons why software.fails. Our studie. re.e.l that the.major re.sons why software.fails are.poor or no de.ign at all, inade.uate.te.ting of code., and attitudinal change. among programme.s and othe. factors.

关键词： Software Software Dysfunction Software e.gine.ring Programs Programme.s

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