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Satellite remote sensing of grasslands:from observation to management

Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第6期9卷 649-671页

作者： Iftikhar Ali Fiona Cawkwell edward dwyer Brian Barrett Stuart Green Department of Geography University College CorkCorkIreland Spatial Analysis Unit TeagascDublinIreland EurOcean-European Centre for Information on Marine Science and Technology LisbonPortugal School of Geographical and Earth Sciences University of GlasgowGlasgowUK

Aims Grasslands are the world’s most extensive terrestrial ecosystem,and are a major feed source for *** increasing demand for meat and other dairy products in a sustainable manner is a big *** a field scale,Global Positioning System and ground-based sensor technologies provide promising tools for grassland and herd management with high *** the growth in availability of spaceborne remote sensing data,it is therefore important to revisit the relevant methods and applications that can exploit this *** this article,we have reviewed the(i)current status of grassland monitoring/observation methods and applications based on satellite remote sensing data,(ii)the technological and methodological developments to retrieve different grassland biophysical parameters and management characteristics(***,grazing intensity)and(iii)identified the key remaining challenges and some new upcoming trends for future *** Findings The retrieval of grassland biophysical parameters have evolved in recent years from classical regression analysis to more complex,efficient and robust modeling approaches,driven by satellite data,and are likely to continue to be the most robust method for deriving grassland information,however these require more high quality calibration and validation *** found that the hypertemporal satellite data are widely used for time series generation,and particularly to overcome cloud contamination issues,but the current low spatial resolution of these instruments precludes their use for field-scale application in many *** trend may change with the current rise in launch of satellite constellations,such as RapidEye,Sentinel-2 and even the microsatellites such as those operated by Skybox *** imagery has not been widely used for grassland applications,and a better understanding of the backscatter behaviour from different phenological stages is needed for more reliable products i

关键词： remote sensing agricultural grassland grassland biomass pasture management grazing intensity

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用卫星影像对全球植被火情进行时空动态分析

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人类环境杂志 1998年第3期27卷 175-181页

作者： edward dwyer Jean-marieGrègoire Jean-Paul Malingreau 杨小唤都柏林大学特里尼蒂学院斯特拉斯堡大学欧洲委员会联合研究中心

几乎全球所有地方都会发生植被火情。无论是自然的,还是人为的植被火情,都与生物圈以一种复杂的方式相互作用着。用1992～1993年跨12个月的全球系列NOAA AVHRR卫星影像数据,已首次使从全球角度实现火情动态的定量研究成为可能。这里展... 详细信息

几乎全球所有地方都会发生植被火情。无论是自然的,还是人为的植被火情,都与生物圈以一种复杂的方式相互作用着。用1992～1993年跨12个月的全球系列NOAA AVHRR卫星影像数据,已首次使从全球角度实现火情动态的定量研究成为可能。这里展示的结果显示出从遥感数据得出的活动火情的时空分布。该年中的各个时间几乎全球每一个地区的火情都已探测到,而探测到的80%的火情发生在热带地区,并且非洲大陆为最多。受影响的主要植被类型是热带草原树林。本文对这个信息应用于大气化学、土地利用和土地覆盖变化的可能性进行了讨论。

关键词：卫星影像全球环境全球植被火情时空动态分析

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Spatial Aberrations in High-Order Harmonic Generation

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Ultrafast Science 2024年第1期4卷 35-43页

作者： Marius Plach Federico Vismarra Elisa Appi Vénus Poulain Jasper Peschel Peter Smorenburg David PO’dwyer Stephen edward Yin Tao Rocío Borrego-Varillas Mauro Nisoli Cord LArnold Anne L’Huillier Per Eng-Johnsson Department of Physics Lund UniversityP.0.Box 11822100 LundSweden Department of Physics Politecnico di Milano20133 MilanoItaly Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies IFN-CNR20133 MilanoItaly ASML Research ASML Netherlands B.V.5504 DRVeldhovenNetherlands

We investigate the spatial characteristics of high-order harmonic radiation generated in argon and observe cross-like patterns in the far *** analytical model describing harmonics from an astigmatic driving beam reveals that these patterns result from the order and generation position-dependent divergence of *** small amounts of driving field astigmatism may result in cross-like patterns,coming from the superposition of individual harmonics with spatial profiles elongated in different *** correcting the aberrations using a deformable mirror,we show that fine-tuning the driving wavefront is essential for optimal spatial quality of the harmonics.

关键词： field. harmonics directions

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Viral respiratory infections among Hajj pilgrims in 2013

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Virologica Sinica 2014年第6期29卷 364-371页

作者： Osamah Barasheed Harunor Rashid Mohammad Alfelali Mohamed Tashani Mohammad Azeem Hamid Bokhary Nadeen Kalantan Jamil Samkari Leon Heron Jen Kok Janette Taylor Haitham El Bashir Ziad A.Memish Elizabeth Haworth edward C.Holmes Dominic E dwyer Atif Asghar Robert Booy National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS) The Children’s Hospital at WestmeadNSWAustralia Department of Family and Community Medicine Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityRabighSaudi Arabia The Custodian of the two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkahSaudi Arabia King Abdulaziz Medical City JeddahSaudi Arabia Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services Westmead HospitalNSWAustralia Hamad Medical Corporation DohaQatar Ministry of Health RiyadhSaudi Arabia Menzies Research Institute Tasmania HobartTasmaniaAustralia Sydney Medical School The University of SydneyNSWAustralia Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity The University of SydneyNSWAustralia

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-Co V) has emerged in the Arabian Gulf region, with its epicentre in Saudi Arabia, the host of the ‘Hajj' which is the world's the largest mass gathering. Transmission of MERS-Co V at such an event could lead to its rapid worldwide dissemination. Therefore, we studied the frequency of viruses causing influenza-like illnesses(ILI) among participants in a randomised controlled trial at the Hajj 2013. We recruited 1038 pilgrims from Saudi Arabia, Australia and Qatar during the first day of Hajj and followed them closely for four days. A nasal swab was collected from each pilgrim who developed ILI. Respiratory viruses were detected using multiplex RT-PCR. ILI occurred in 112/1038(11%) pilgrims. Their mean age was 35 years, 49(44%) were male and 35(31%) had received the influenza vaccine pre-Hajj. Forty two(38%) pilgrims had laboratory-confirmed viral infections; 28(25%) rhinovirus, 5(4%) influenza A, 2(2%) adenovirus, 2(2%) human coronavirus OC43/229 E, 2(2%) parainfluenza virus 3, 1(1%) parainfluenza virus 1, and 2(2%) dual infections. No MERS-Co V was detected in any sample. Rhinovirus was the commonest cause of ILI among Hajj pilgrims in 2013. Infection control and appropriate vaccination are necessary to prevent transmission of respiratory viruses at Hajj and other mass gatherings.

关键词： Hajj influenza-like illness mass gathering MERS-CoV pilgrim respiratory infections

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