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Vapor-phase decomposition of dimethyl methylphosphonate (dMMP),a sarin surrogate,in presence of metal oxides

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defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第4期17卷 1095-1114页

作者： Shomik Mukhopadhyay Mirko Schoenitz edwa.d l.dreizin New Jersey Institute of Technology NewarkNJUSA

Chemical warfare agents(CWA)are stockpiled in large quantities across the *** stored in inaccessible facilities need to be destroyed rapidly without dispersing the compounds to surrounding ***-based energetic formulations are used in such prompt defeat applications to rapidly decompose the CWA by generating a high temperature *** alternate,and possibly a more effective decomposition pathway could be provided by chemicidal action of aerosolized condensed combustion products,which typically consist of metal *** fumes that escape the high temperature blast zone can be neutralized by smoke generated during combustion,depending on the particle size,surface characteristics,chemical properties,and concentration of this *** review considers relevant experimental and modeling studies quantifying decomposition of CWA comprising organophosphorus compounds and their surrogates on the surface of various metal *** methylphosphonate(dMMP),a sarine surrogate,was used most commonly for such *** reported efforts focused on the mechanisms of adsorption of dMMP to various metal oxides and initial reaction steps cleaving various bonds from the chemisorbed *** selected oxides,these experiments were supported by quantum-mechanical *** other studies,the capacity of oxide surfaces to adsorb and decompose dMMP was *** most cases,porous catalysts were used although limited experimental data are available for aerosolized nonporous oxide *** reported experimental data applicable to scenarios involving prompt decomposition of CWA are *** is noted that information is lacking describing respective heterogeneous reaction *** estimates of aerosolized smoke particle concentrations required to destroy CWA are made considering gas phase diffusion rates and reported values of the oxide capacity to decompose CWA or their surrogates.

关键词： Chemical weapon agents Prompt defeat Metal combustion Heterogeneous reactions

Rapid destruction of sarin surrogates by gas phase reactions with focus on diisopropyl methylphosphonate(dIMP)

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defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第3期17卷 703-714页

作者： Elif Irem Senyurt Mirko Schoenitz edwa.d l.dreizin New Jersey Institute of Technology NewarkNJ07102USA Tomsk State University TomskRussia

Rapid destruction of stockpiles of sarin and other chemical weapon agents(CWA)requires understanding and quantitative description of the relevant chemical *** reactions at elevated temperatures are of particular interest for prompt agent defeat *** methylphosphonate(dIMP)is a sarin surrogate particularly well suited to model sarin thermal decomposition and is often used in *** article is a review of different experimental methods addressing decomposition of gasified dIMP,respective results and their *** early decomposition products are propene,methylphosphonic acid,methyl(oxo)phosphoniumolate,and *** computational work using available kinetic data for fluorine and the phosphorus-fluorine bond predicted the decomposition under incineration *** using an isothermal flow reactor operated at 700-800 K were used to model dIMP decomposition as unimolecular reaction with results that were consistent with the earlier theoretical *** in dynamic environments was studied using dIMP supported on rapidly heated *** results showed different decomposition products and product sequences forming at different heating rates,suggesting the need for revised reaction ***,species quantification in such experiments is difficult because of inherent large temperature *** produced in a corona discharge was also reported to lead to rapid dIMP decomposition at low *** products were distinct from those observed at high *** tube experiments may be well suited to study decomposition of organophosphorus compounds like dIMP following their rapid heating in diverse ***,presently,only sarin surrogates other than dIMP have been investigated,and no intermediate reaction products,important for developing a validated mechanism,could be detected.

关键词： Chemical weapon agent Agent defeat Thermal decomposition Incineration Prompt reactions

Fluorine-containing oxidizers for metal fuels in energetic formulations

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defence Technology（防务技术） 2019年第1期15卷 1-22页

作者： Siva Kumar Valluri Mirko Schoenitz edwa.d dreizin New Jersey Institute of Technology Tomsk State University

Fluorine containing oxidizers, primarily polymers, are extensively used in pyrotechnic *** oxidizers are less explored for metalized propellants and explosives despite a potential advantage of substantial heat release combined with gaseous combustion products. This review summarizes different types of fluorinated oxidizers used in energetic formulations or of potential interest for such systems, including gases, polymers, and inorganic compounds. Types of energetic formulations employing metals and fluoropolymers are discussed in more detail, including methods used to prepare composites and resulting salient features of the obtained materials. laboratory experiments characterizing such materials, in particular, electron microscopy and thermal analysis, are discussed, showing characteristic morphologies and reaction sequences observed in different metal-fluorinated oxidizer composites. Striking similarities are noted in reaction sequences for diverse compositions hinting at possible similarities in the respective reaction mechanisms. Experiments probing ignition and combustion of metal-fluorinated oxidizer composites in laboratory conditions are also reviewed, including impact, flash heating and shock ignition. Finally, some practical performance tests for energetic formulations are described following by a brief discussion of the reaction mechanisms expected to govern ignition and combustion in various metal-fluorinated oxidizer composites. The conclusions are combined with recommendation for future research in the area of reactive metal-fluorinated oxidizer composites.

关键词： Reactive materials Composites Redox reactions Pyrotechnics Propellants Explosives

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64层CT对膈肌穿透伤的诊断价值

国际医学放射学杂志 2013年第6期 572-573页

作者： d.dreizin M.J.Borja G.H.danton K.Kadakia K.Caban l.A.Rivas 李亮 department of Radiology University of Miami Leonard Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Health System Jackson Memorial Hospital and Ryder Trauma Center 1611 NW 12th Ave West Wing 279Miami FL 33136 USA

摘要目的①探讨64层CT对膈肌穿透伤(PdI)的诊断能力。②探讨膈肌穿透伤的64层CT典型征象。③比较各典型征象对膈肌穿透伤的诊断价值。材料与方法本回顾性

关键词：膈肌典型征象横膈穿透伤诊断价值 CT

钝性骨盆环骨折后主要动脉损伤的CT预测模型

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国际医学放射学杂志 2018年第4期 485-485页

作者： d.dreizin U.Bodanapally A.Boscak N.Tirada G.Issa J.W.Nascone 何博 department of diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Trauma and Emergency RadiologyUniversity of Maryland Medical CenterR Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center

目的开发和测试一种基于CT预测钝性骨盆环骨折后大动脉损伤模型,该模型亦能半自动量化骨盆血肿容积。材料与方法纳入2008年—2013年钝性骨盆环骨折病人,在行血管造影术前完成腹盆腔CT动脉期扫描,采用多变量逻辑回归模型。血管造影证实... 详细信息

目的开发和测试一种基于CT预测钝性骨盆环骨折后大动脉损伤模型,该模型亦能半自动量化骨盆血肿容积。材料与方法纳入2008年—2013年钝性骨盆环骨折病人,在行血管造影术前完成腹盆腔CT动脉期扫描,采用多变量逻辑回归模型。血管造影证实动脉损伤,并需经肝动脉栓塞术（TAE）治疗为结局。利用Hanley-Mc Neil方法,分析2013年—2015年期间36例病人构成的验证队列中所获得的模型,以及2名放射科医师采用盲法评估所得的受试者操作特征（ROC）和曲线下面积（AUC）。采用ROC分析确定用于预测需经肝动脉栓塞术（TAE）的血肿体积截断值和非闭合性颅脑损伤导致死亡的次要结果概率截断值。采用Pearson系数评估血肿量和输血之间的相关性。结果独立预测变量包括血肿体积、静脉对比剂渗出、动脉硬化、旋转不稳定性和闭孔环骨折。在验证队列中,模型（AUC,0.78）与评价者具有相似的效能（AUC,0.69～0.72;P=0.40～0.80）。血肿量体积最佳截断值为433 m l,对于预测大血管损伤需TAE治疗的阳性预测值为87%100%。血肿体积与输入红细胞单位量相关（r=0.34～0.57;P=0.000 2～0.000 3）。预测值≤0.64时,排除闭合性颅脑损伤所致的死亡率的阴性预测值为100%。结论基于CT合并半自动血肿体积分割的逻辑回归模型可以客观地评估骨盆环骨折后大动脉损伤,通过该模型可以发现骨盆环骨折后血肿体积与48 h输血需求相关,并能一定程度地预测排除闭合性颅脑损伤以外的死亡的可能性。

关键词：骨盆环动脉损伤闭合性颅脑损伤 CT

多层CT轨迹成像对结直肠穿通性损伤的诊断效能

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国际医学放射学杂志 2017年第1期 92-92页

作者： d.dreizin A.R.Boscak M.J.Anstadt N.Tirada W.C.Chiu F.Munera 洪俐超 department of diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center

摘要目的测定多层CT轨迹成像对结直肠穿通性损伤的诊断效能。材料与方法 2位医师盲法回顾性研究,经伦理委员会批准并符合HIPAA,纳入6年间连续182例膈下穿透

关键词：结直肠诊断效能对比剂 CT