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Microstructural Characterization of Large Area C<sub>60</sub>Films Obtained by Conventional Microwave Oven Irradiation

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World Journal of Nano Science and Engineering 2012年第4期2卷 213-218页

作者： Jacobo Martínez-Reyes Lucia Graciela Díaz Barriga-Arceo Luis Rendón-Vazquez Reynaldo Martínez-Guerrero Néstor Romero-Partida eduardo palacios-gonzález Vicente Garibay-Febles Jaime Ortiz-López IMP-Molecular Engineering Program México City México National Polytechnic Institute (IPN) ESFM UPALM México City México National Polytechnic Institute (IPN) ESIQIE UPALM México City México ROMFER S.A. de C.V. México City México UNAM-FCiencias México City México

In the present work the synthesis of C60 produced in a conventional microwave oven from the decomposition of camphor resin is reported. The polycrystalline structure of the sample was determined by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), the sample showed several phases, the main phase corresponds to fullerene C60 ordered in a Face-Centered Cubic structure (FCC), with two more structures: one orthorhombic system and the other the monoclinic system coexisting also with graphite 2H phase. It was observed in a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), that the sample formed thin films of stacked carbon. Whereas in a High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), measurements in Bright Field mode revealed that the main phase of the material is C60 ordered in FCC structure and the elemental composition and atomic bonding state can be determined by analyzing the energy with the electron microscope by Elesctron Energy- Loss Spectroscopy (EELS), technique allowed confirm all the phase C60 established with XRD observations.

关键词： Microwave-Assisted Synthesis Carbon Film Fullerene

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Re-emerging threat of Trypanosoma cruzi vector transmission in El Salvador, update from 2018 to 2020

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第4期11卷 101-102页

作者： Marvin Stanley Rodriguez Yuko Nitahara Michelle Cornejo Kevin Siliezar Rafael Grande Ana gonzalez Kotaro Tasaki Yu Nakagama Yu Michimuko Yoko Onizuka Junko Nakajima-Shimada Jose eduardo Romero Jose Ricardo palacios Carmen Elena Arias Wilam Mejia Yasutoshi Kido Ricardo Cardona Alvarenga Department of Virology and Parasitology Graduate School of MedicineOsaka Metropolitan University1-4-3 Asahi-machiAbeno-kuOsaka 545-8585 Japan 不详

Background:Since the late twentieth century,Chagas disease gained global attention to suppress the vector burden as a main control strategy in endemic countries.In Central America,multi-national initiative successfully achieved significant reduction in the estimated disease prevalence as well as elimination of the region's principal vector species at the time in 2012.While the last decade has witnessed significant changes in ecosystem-such as urbanization and replacement of the main vector species-that can possibly affect the vector's habitation and residual transmission,the up-to-date vector burden in the region has not been evaluated thoroughly due to the cessation of active vector surveillance.The aim of this study was to update the risk of vector-borne Trypanosoma cruzi infection in El Salvador,the top Chagas disease-endemic country in Central America.Methods:A nationwide vector survey was conducted in the domestic environment of El Salvador from September 2018 to November 2020.The selection of the houses for inspection was based on expert purposeful sampling.Infection for T.cruzi was examined by microscopic observation of the insects'feces,followed by a species confrmation using PCR.The data were analyzed using R software version 4.1.3.Proportion estimates with 95%confidence intervals were inferred using the Jeffrey's method provided under the epiR package.Results:A total of 1529 Triatoma dimidiata was captured from 107 houses(infestation rate,34.4%;107/311)in all the fourteen departments of the country visited within the period;prevalence of T.cruzi infection was as high as 10%(153/1529).In the country,domestic T.dimidiata infestation was distributed ubiquitously,while T.cruzi infection rates varied across the departments.Five out of fourteen departments showed higher infection rates than the average,suggesting sporadic high-risk areas in the country.Conclusions:Our comprehensive study revealed substantial T.cruzi infection of T.dimidiata across the country,indicating potential active transmission of the di

关键词： Chagas disease Vector transmission Triatomine Trypanosoma cruzi Triatoma dimidiata

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EVALUATION OF THE PROCESS OF TRANSFER OF IRRIGATION DISTRICT （011 ALTO RíO LERMA, GTO., MEXICO）

EVALUATION OF THE PROCESS OF TRANSFER OF IRRIGATION DISTRICT...

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第19届国际灌排大会

作者： Enrique Mejía Saenz Enrique palacios Vélez Jesús Chávez Morales Fedro Zazueta Ranahan Leonardo Tijerina Chávez y eduardo Casas Díaz Researchers Postgraduate Collage México

＜正＞The main objective of this paper was to develop a methodology to evaluate the impact of turning over the Federal Irrigation Districts to the Water Users Associations （ADA）. The evaluation was carried out through the following indicators: marginal productivity of irrigation water including effective precipitation, conveyance efficiencies and water application, growth rates of the components of the value of production, and the overall benefit of the users. In this research, the management of the Irrigation District 011 "Alto Rio Lerma" and the 11 modules （Irrigated areas operated by the AUA） that conform it are taken as a case study. The district was transferred to the users’ associations in 1992. The results indicate that the process of transference of the Irrigation District 011 "Alto Rio Lerma," has been beneficial for water users. Nevertheless, some errors in the planning process have not been corrected, on the contrary, these have aggravated. Among them, worth mentioning is the tendency to use a higher volume of water than the average volume of reservoir intake, which reduces the productivity of the used water and diminishes the water regulating capacity of dams. On the other hand, an increase in the efficiency of water use and its productivity has been observed alongwith an improvement in the yields of crops, which could be considered, to a large extent, a result of better water management and maintenance jobs by the WUA. Unfortunately, the producers’ net incomes have fallen, mainly due to increase of production costs and a drop in prices of crops, although, this last negative condition is due more to the liberalization of markets.

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