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Reproductive biology of harvestmen(Arachnida:Opiliones):a review of a rapidly evolving research field

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 115-135页

作者： glauco machado Mercedes Burns LAgE do Departamento de Ecologia Instituto de BiocienciasUniversidade de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Department of Biological Sciences University of MarylandBaltimore CountyBaltimoreMDUSA

Harvestmen are a major arachnid order that has experienced a dramatic increase in biological knowledge in the 21st *** publication of the book Harvestmen:The Biology of Opiliones in 2007 stimulated the development of many behavioral *** the book is relatively recent,our understanding of the reproductive biology of harvestmen is already outdated due to the fast accumulation of new *** goal is to provide an updated review of the subject to serve as a benchmark for the following *** the pre-copulatory phase,we explore the evolu-tion of facultative parthenogenesis,the factors that may affect the types of mating system,and the role of nuptial gifts in *** the copulatory phase,harvestmen are unique arachnids because they have aflagellate spermatozoa and a penis with complex *** discuss the implications of these two features for sperm competition and cryptic female *** the post-copulatory phase,we connect ovi-position site selection and climate conditions to the widespread occurrence of resource defense polygyny,alternative reproductive tactics,and sexual dimorphism in several clades of tropical ***,we present the different forms of parental care in the order,and discuss the benefits and costs of this behavior,which can be performed either by females or *** the review,we indicate gaps in our knowl-edge and subjects that deserve further ***,the information synthesized here will stimulate researchers worldwide to embrace harvestmen as a study system and to improve our effort to unravel the mysteries of their reproductive biology.

关键词： alternative reproductive tactics nuptial gifts parental care parthenogenesis resource defense polygyny sexual dimorphism.

Differential Expression of genes Related to Fruit Development and Capsaicinoids Synthesis in Habanero Pepper Plants grown in Contrasting Soil Types

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第2期93卷 151-183页

作者： eduardo Burgos-Valencia Federico garcía-Laynes Ileana Echevarría-machado Fatima Medina-Lara Miriam Monforte-gonzález JoséNarváez-Zapata Manuel Martínez-Estévez Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas Centro de Investigación Científica de YucatánCalle 43#130Chuburnáde HidalgoMéridaYucatán97205México Instituto Politécnico Nacional-Centro de Biotecnología genómica Blvd Del Maestro esq.Elias PiñaReynosaTamaulipas88710México

Habanero pepper(Capsicum chinense Jacq.)is a crop of economic relevance in the Peninsula of *** fruits have a high level of capsaicinoids compared to peppers grown in other regions of the world,which gives them industrial *** is an important factor that affects pepper development,nutritional quality,and capsaicinoid ***,the effect of soil type on fruit development and capsaicinoid metabolism has been little *** work aimed to compare the effect of soils with contrasting characteristics,black soil(BS)and red soil(RS),on the expression of genes related to the development of fruits,and capsaicinoid synthesis using a transcriptomic analysis of the habanero pepper *** growing in RS had bigger fruits and higher expression of genes related to floral development,fruit abscission,and softening which suggests that RS stimulates fruit development from early stages until maturation *** from plants growing in BS had enrichment in metabolic pathways related to growth,sugars,and ***,these fruits had higher capsaicinoid accumulation at 25 days post-anthesis,and higher expression of genes related to the branched-chain amino acids metabolism(ketol-acid reductisomerase KARI),pentose phosphate pathway and production of NADPH(glucose-6-phosphate-1-dehydrogenase g6PDH),and proteasome and vesicular traffic in cells(26S proteasome regulatory subunit T4 RPT4),which suggest that BS is better in the early stimulation of pathways related to the nutritional quality and capsaicinoid metabolism in the fruits.

关键词： Capsicum chinense jacq soil types plant growth environmental conditions fruit quality capsaicinoid metabolism transcriptome

Towards an integrated risk analysis security framework according to a systematic analysis of existing proposals

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第3期18卷 199-216页

作者： Antonio SANTOS-OLMO Luis Enrique SÁNCHEZ David g.ROSADO Manuel A.SERRANO Carlos BLANCO Haralambos MOURATIDIS eduardo FERNÁNDEZ-MEDINA gSyA Research group University of Castilla-La ManchaCiudad Real 13071Spain Institute for Analytics and Data Science University of EssexColchester CO43SQUK Alarcos Research group University of Castilla-La ManchaCiudad Real 13071Spain ISTR Research group Department of Computer Science and ElectronicsUniversity of CantabriaSantander 39005Spain

The information society depends increasingly on risk assessment and management systems as means to adequately protect its key information *** availability of these systems is now vital for the protection and evolution of ***,several factors have led to an increasing need for more accurate risk analysis *** are:the speed at which technologies evolve,their global impact and the growing requirement for companies to *** analysis processes must consequently adapt to these new circumstances and new technological *** objective of this paper is,therefore,to present the results of an exhaustive analysis of the techniques and methods offered by the scientific community with the aim of identifying their main weaknesses and providing a new risk assessment and management *** analysis was carried out using the systematic review protocol and found that these proposals do not fully meet these new *** paper also presents a summary of MARISMA,the risk analysis and management framework designed by our research *** basis of our framework is the main existing risk standards and proposals,and it seeks to address the weaknesses found in these *** is in a process of continuous improvement,as is being applied by customers in several European and American *** consists of a risk data management module,a methodology for its systematic application and a tool that automates the process.

关键词： information security management security system security risk assessment and management

Identific tion of quantitative trait loci and associated candidate genes for pregnancy success in Angus–Brahman crossbred heifers

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 162-170页

作者： Quinn A.Hoorn gabriel A.Zayas eduardo E.Rodriguez Laura M.Jensen Raluca g.Mateescu Peter J.Hansen Department of Animal Sciences Donald Henry Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Programand the Genetics InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA School of Applied Systems Biology La Trobe UniversityBundooraVIC 3083Australia

Background In beef cattle, more than 50% of the energy input to produce a unit of beef is consumed by the female that produced the calf. Development of genomic tools to identify females with high genetic merit for reproductive function could increase the profitability and sustainability of beef *** genome-wide association studies(gWAS) were performed using a single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction approach on pregnancy outcome traits from a population of Angus–Brahman crossbred heifers. Furthermore, a validation gWAS was performed using data from another farm. Heifers were genotyped with the Bovine ggP F250 array that contains 221,077 SNPs. In the discovery population, heifers were bred in winter breeding seasons involving a single round of timed artificial insemination(AI) followed by natural mating for 3 months. Two phenotypes were analyzed: pregnancy outcome to first-service AI(PAI;n = 1,481) and pregnancy status at the end of the breeding season(PEBS;n = 1,725). The heritability was estimated as 0.149 and 0.122 for PAI and PEBS, respectively. In the PAI model, one quantitative trait locus(QTL), located between 52.3 and 52.5 Mb on BTA7, explained about 3% of the genetic variation, in a region containing a cluster of γ-protocadherin genes and SLC25A2. Other QTLs explaining between 0.5% and 1% of the genetic variation were found on BTA12 and 25. In the PEBS model, a large QTL on BTA7 was synonymous with the QTL for PAI, with minor QTLs located on BTA5, 9, 10, 11, 19, and 20. The validation population for pregnancy status at the end of the breeding season were Angus–Brahman crossbred heifers bred by natural mating. In concordance with the discovery population, the large QTL on BTA7 and QTLs on BTA10 and 12 were *** In summary, QTLs and candidate SNPs identified were associated with pregnancy outcomes in beef heifers, including a large QTL associated with a group of protocadherin genes. Confirmation of these associations

关键词： Beef cattle Fertility gWAS QTL

Risk factors for running-related injuries:An umbrella systematic review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 793-804页

作者： Clara Knierim Correia Jean Marlon machado Fabio Hech Dominski Marcelo Peduzzi de Castro Heiliane de Brito Fontana Caroline Ruschel College of Health and Sport Science State University of the Santa CatarinaFlorianopolis 88080-350Brazil Fisiolab Institut Florianopolis 88015-310Brazil Biological Sciences Centre Federal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianopolis 88040-900Brazil

Purpose:This umbrella systematic review(SR) of SRs and meta-analysis seeks to comprehensively synthesize existing literature to identify and consolidate the diverse range of risk factors contributing to running-related injuries(RRIs).Methods:Systematic searches were conducted on June 28,2023,across Web of Science,SPORTDiscus,Scopus,PubMed,and Cochrane *** included SRs,whether accompanied by meta-analyses or not,that focused on investigating risk factors for RRIs within observational *** methodological quality of the SRs was evaluated using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews Ⅱ.To assess the extent of overlap across reviews,the corrected covered area metric was ***:From 1509 records retrieved,13 SRs were *** degree of overlap between SRs was low(4%),and quality varied from critically low(n=8) to low(n=5).Two hundred seven outcomes assessed in 148 primary studies were identified as being associated with the occurrence of *** effect sizes of the associations for which risk measures were reported(n=131) were classified as large(n=30,23%),medium(n=38,29%),small(n=48,37%) or no effect(n=15,11%).Running/training characteristics,health and lifestyle factors,along with morphological and biomechanical aspects,exhibit large effect sizes in increasing the risk for ***:Drawing from the outcomes of the low-quality SRs and associations with large effect sizes,our findings indicate that running/training characteristics and health and lifestyle factors,as well as morphological and biomechanical aspects,are all implicated in elevating the risk of RRIs,emphasizing the multifactorial basis of injury incidence in *** the low quality and heterogeneity of SR,individual findings warrant cautious interpretation.

关键词： Umbrella review Runners Injury Risk factor

How inflammation influences psychiatric disease

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第3期14卷 342-349页

作者： eduardo Ferat-Osorio JoséLuis Maldonado-garcía Lenin Pavón División de Investigación Clínica de la Coordinación de Investigación en Salud Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico City 06720Mexico Departamento de Bioquímica Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCoyoacán 04510Ciudad de MéxicoMexico Departamento de Inmunología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalMexico City 11340Mexico Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente MuñizMexico City 14370Mexico

Recent studies highlight the strong correlation between infectious diseases and the development of neuropsychiatric *** this editorial,we comment on the article“Anti-infective therapy durations predict psychological stress and laparoscopic surgery quality in pelvic abscess patients”by Zhang et al,published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Psychiatry 2023;13(11):*** discussion highlighted the potential consequences of anxiety,depression,and psychosis,which are all linked to bacterial,fungal,and viral infections,which are relevant to the impact of inflammation on the sequelae in mental health as those we are observing after the coronavirus disease 2019 *** focus specifically on the immune mechanisms triggered by inflammation,the primary contributor to psychiatric ***,pathophysiological mechanisms such as organ damage,post-injury inflammation,and infectioninduced endocrine alterations,including hypocortisolism or autoantibody formation,significantly contribute to the development of chronic low-grade inflammation,promoting the emergence or development of psychiatric alterations in susceptible *** inflammation can have long-term effects on patients,a multidisciplinary treatment plan can avoid complications and debilitating health issues,and it is crucial to recognize and address the mental health implications.

关键词： Inflammation infection Depression Pelvic inflammatory disease Psychiatric complication

Interactions between maternal parity and feed additives drive the composition of pig gut microbiomes in the post‑weaning period

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1241-1257页

作者： Kayla Law eduardo Rosa Medina garcia Chad Hastad Deborah Murray Pedro E.Urriola Andres gomez Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota1364 Eckles AvenueSaint PaulMN 55108USA New Fashion Pork 164 Industrial ParkwayJacksonMN 56143USA

Background Nursery pigs undergo stressors in the post-weaning period that result in production and welfare *** challenges disproportionately impact the offspring of primiparous sows compared to those of mul-tiparous *** is known regarding potential interactions between parity and feed additives in the post-weaning period and their effects on nursery pig ***,the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal parity on sow and offspring microbiomes and the influence of sow parity on pig fecal microbi-ome and performance in response to a prebiotic *** weaning,piglets were allotted into three treat-ment groups:a standard nursery diet including pharmacological doses of Zn and Cu(Con),a group fed a commercial prebiotic only(Preb)based on an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract,and a group fed the same prebiotic plus Zn and Cu(Preb+ZnCu).Results Although there were no differences in vaginal microbiome composition between primiparous and mul-tiparous sows,fecal microbiome composition was different(R^(2)=0.02,P=0.03).The fecal microbiomes of primiparous offspring displayed significantly higher bacterial diversity compared to multiparous offspring at d 0 and d 21 post-weaning(Pg the effects of maternal parity within each treatment,only the Preb diet triggered significant microbiome distinc-tions between primiparous and multiparous offspring(d 21:R^(2)=0.13,P=0.01;d 42:R^(2)=0.19,P=0.001).Composi-tional differences in pig fecal microbiomes between treatments were observed only at d 21(R^(2)=0.12,P=0.001).Pigs in the Con group gained significantly more weight throughout the nursery period when compared to those in the Preb+ZnCu *** Nursery pig gut microbiome composition was influenced by supplementation with an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract,with varying effects on performance

关键词： Aspergillus prebiotic Copper Feed additives Maternal Nursery pig microbiome Parity Swine microbiome Trace minerals Zinc

Sex differences in the risk of retinopathy of prematurity:a systematic review,frequentist and Bayesian meta‑analysis,and meta‑regression

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期20卷 340-352页

作者： Tamara M.Hundscheid Silvia gulden Mohamad F.Almutairi František Bartoš giacomo Cavallaro eduardo Villamor Division of Neonatology Department of PediatricsMosaKids Children’s HospitalMaastricht University Medical Center(MUMC+)School for Oncology and Reproduction(GROW)Maastricht UniversityP.Debyelaan 25.P.O.Box 58006202 AZ MaastrichtThe Netherlands Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Sant’Anna HospitalComoItaly Department of Psychology University of Amsterdam1001 NK AmsterdamThe Netherlands Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly

Background Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)is generally considered to be more frequent in males than in ***,it is not known whether sex differences in ROP affect all degrees of the condition,are global and have changed as neonatology has *** aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies addressing sex differences in the risk of developing *** PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase databases were *** frequentist,random-effects risk ratio(RR)and 95%confidence interval(CI)were *** model averaged(BMA)meta-analysis was used to calculate the Bayes factors(BFs).The BF10 is the ratio of the probability of the data under the alternative hypothesis(H1)over the probability of the data under the null hypothesis(H0).Results We included 205 studies(867,252 infants).Frequentist meta-analysis showed a positive association between male sex and severe ROP(113 studies,RR=1.14,95%CI=1.07–1.22)but no association with any ROP(144 studies,RR=1.00,95%CI=0.96–1.03).BMA showed extreme evidence in favor of H1 for severe ROP(BF10=71,174)and strong evidence in favor of H0 for any ROP(BF10=0.05).The association between male sex and severe ROP remained stable over time and was present only in cohorts from countries with a high or high-middle sociodemographic *** Our study confirms the presence of a male disadvantage in severe ROP but not in less severe forms of the *** are variations in the sex differences in ROP,depending on geographical location and sociodemographic level of the countries.

关键词： Oxidative stress Retinopathy of prematurity Sex characteristics

Reckoning with COVID-19 denial: Brazil's exemplary model for global response

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World Journal of Methodology 2024年第3期14卷 163-166页

作者： Heslley machado Silva Department of Science and Education University Center of Formiga and State University of Minas GeraisMinas Gerais 35570000Brazil

In the aftermath of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic in Brazil,accountability is crucial for those who denied the severity of the virus,spreading false information and causing *** individuals have already faced legal proceedings against them,revealing economic motivations behind their *** is equally important to hold doctors accountable for prescribing ineffective treatments,putting the population at *** leaders of the denial movement and the federal government,who mishandled the pandemic,should be held accountable for the high death *** justice from the legislative and executive branches is necessary,along with exemplary measures for those who spread misinformation about COVID-19.

关键词： Denialism Responsibility Mortality COVID-19 Brazil