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Poultry By-Product Meals as Partial Fish Meal Replacement Yielded Higher Somatic Growth in Alsatian Charr (<i>Salvelinus alpinus X fontinalis</i>) than Pork or Vegetable-Based Fish Meals

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2018年第3期8卷 191-205页

作者： Martin J. Kainz Hannes H. Hager eduard schneeberger WasserCluster—Biologische Station Lunz Lunz am See Austria GARANT Tiernahrnung Pochlarn Austria

Freshwater salmonids gain increasing popularity as diet fish and are an important dietary source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for humans. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of alternative feeds from domestic sources on fish growth and lipid composition of the sparctic Alsatian charr (Salvelinus alpinus X fontinalis), commonly used in freshwater aquaculture in Europe. In this fish feeding experiment, we used a control feed (32% fish meal;feed F1) and experimental diets containing generally only half the amount of fish meal, which was replaced in equal parts by poultry (F2), two different pork by-product meals (F3 and F4), plant-based feeds (F5), or by a feed containing 25% fish and 15% poultry meal (F6) that had a similar caloric value compared to the other feeds. Six hundred charrs of similar initial weight (ca. 90 g) were randomly distributed into 12 tanks (50/tank) of 1.4 m3, supplied with subalpine spring water, and fed one of the feeds. Fish biomass development was the highest in fish fed diet F6, followed by F1, F2, and F5. Pork by-product meals as partial replacement of fish meal resulted on average in a 25% lower biomass gain compared to charr feeding on poultry by-product meal (F6). The use of poultry or pork by-product meals as partial fish meal replacements did not significantly change the total lipids or fatty acids retained in these fish. This study shows that these alternative feeds, with similar lipid sources, had no significant effect on the fatty acid composition in Alsatian charr, however, poultry by-product meal as partial replacement of marine fish meal clearly enhanced charr biomass by 15% relative to conventional fish meals.

关键词： Alternative Protein Sources Feed Formulation Salmonids Muscle Lipids Fillet Composition

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An effective gauge field theory of the nucleon interactions

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第10期76卷 76-84页

作者： eduard Boos Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityLeninskie Gory119991MoscowRussia Faculty of Physics Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityLeninskie Gory119991MoscowRussia

We discuss the possibility of constructing an effective gauge field theory of the nucleon interactions based on the ideas of isotopic invariance as well as hypercharge invariance as a local gauge symmetry and spontaneous breaking of this symmetry. The constructed effective field theory predicts the structure of interactions of protons and neutrons with ρ- and σ-mesons, and with pi-mesons and photons, as well as interactions of these particles with each other. The Lagrangian of the theory consists of several parts involving dimension 4 and 5 gauge invariant operators. Feynman rules for physical degrees of freedom that follow on from the Lagrangian define the structure of diagrams for one-boson exchanges between nucleons, predicting the internucleon one-boson-exchange potential as well as nucleon scattering amplitudes. The range of applicability of the effective theory is discussed and estimates are made of the resulting coupling constants. The theory predicts the mass of the neutral ρ^(0)-meson to be about 1 MeV larger than the mass of the charged mesons ρ^(±). The vector ω-meson, which is a sterile particle with respect to the considered gauge group SU_(I)(2) × U_(Y)(1), can be added to the scheme via a gauge-invariant operator of dimension 5, as shown in the appendix.

关键词： gauge invariance spontaneous symmetry breaking nucleon interactions

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Investigation of the liquid recycle in the reactor cascade of an industrial scale ebullated bed hydrocracking unit

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第2期27卷 298-304页

作者： eduard Manek Juma Haydary Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology Slovak University of Technology

One of the commercial means to convert heavy oil residue is hydrocracking in an ebullated bed. The ebullated bed reactor includes a complex gas–liquid–solid backmixed system which attracts the attention of many scientists and research groups. This work is aimed at the calculation of the internal recycle flow rate and understanding its effect on other parameters of the ebullated bed. Measured data were collected from an industrial scale residual hydrocracking unit consisting of a cascade of three ebullated bed reactors. A simplified block model of the ebullated bed reactors was created in Aspen Plus and fed with measured data. For reaction yield calculation, a lumped kinetic model was used. The model was verified by comparing experimental and calculated distillation curves as well as the calculated and measured reactor inlet temperature. Influence of the feed rate on the recycle ratio(recycle to feed flow rate) was estimated. A relation between the recycle flow rate, pump pressure difference and catalyst inventory has been identified. The recycle ratio also affects the temperature gradient along the reactor cascade. Influence of the recycle ratio on the temperature gradient decreased with the cascade member order.

关键词： Residual hydrocracking Ebullated bed reactor Liquid recycle Aspen Plus Simulation

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Exclusive meson production at HERMES

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Chinese Physics C 2010年第9期34卷 1472-1475页

作者： eduard Avetisyan Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron

The exclusive electroproduction of pseudoscalar and vector mesons was studied with the HERMES spectrometer at the DESY laboratory by scattering 27.6 GeV positron and electron beams off a transversely polarized hydrogen *** results are compared to calculations based on generalized parton distributions,some of which are sensitive to the contribution of the total angular momentum of the quarks to the proton spin.

关键词： exclusive meson production generalized parton distributions

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The Investigation of the Dynamical Evolution of Extrasolar Three-planetary System GJ 3138

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第1期22卷 68-84页

作者： Alexander Perminov eduard Kuznetsov Ural Federal University 51 Lenin AvenueYekaterinburgRussia

This article is devoted to studying the dynamical evolution and orbital stability of compact extrasolar threeplanetary system GJ 3138. In this system, all semimajor axes are less than 0.7 au. The modeling of planetary motion is performed using the averaged semi-analytical motion theory of the second order in planetary masses,which the authors construct. Unknown and known with errors orbital elements vary in allowable limits to obtain a set of initial conditions. Each of these initial conditions is applied for the modeling of planetary motion. The assumption about the stability of observed planetary systems allows to eliminate the initial conditions leading to excessive growth of the orbital eccentricities and inclinations and to identify those under which these orbital elements conserve moderate values over the whole modeling interval. Thus, it becomes possible to limit the range of possible values of unknown orbital elements and determine their most probable values in terms of stability.

关键词： Planetary Systems planets and satellites:dynamical evolution and stability planetstar interactions celestial mechanics

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Impact of environmental and dietary factors on the course of inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第29期18卷 3814-3822页

作者： eduard Cabré Eugeni Domènech Inflammatory Bowel Dis ease Unit Department of GastroenterologyHospital Universi tari Germans Trias i Pujol08916 BadalonaSpain Network for Biomedical Research in Liver and Digestive Diseases(CIBEREHD) 08036 BarcelonaSpain

Besides their possible effects on the development of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),some environmental factors can modulate the clinical course of both ulcerative colitis(UC) and Crohn's disease(CD).This review is mainly devoted to describing the current knowledge of the impact of some of these factors on the outcome of IBD,with special emphasis on smoking and *** the impact of smoking on the susceptibility to develop CD and UC is firmly established,its influence on the clinical course of both diseases is still *** CD,active smoking is a risk factor for postoperative *** this clinical setting,smoking cessation seems to be advantageous in those CD patients who were smokers at disease diagnosis,while smoking resumption may be of benefit in ex-smokers with resistant *** role of dietary habits on the development of IBD is far from being well ***,food intolerances are very frequent,but usually inconsistent among IBD patients,and therefore no general dietary recommendations can be made in these *** general,IBD patients should eat a diet as varied as *** the possible therapeutic role of some dietary components in IBD,lessons should be drawn from the investigation of the primary therapeutic effect of enteral nutrition in ***-fat diets seem to be particularly ***,some lipid sources,such as olive oil,medium-chain triglycerides,and perhaps omega-3 fatty acids,might have a therapeutic *** fiber may have a role in preventing relapses in inactive UC.

关键词： Environmental factors Dietary factors Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Smoking Infections Inflammatory bowel disease

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Expansion of endothelial surface by an increase of vessel diameter during tumor angiogenesis in experimental hepatocellular and pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2004年第21期10卷 3171-3174页

作者： eduard Ryschich eduard Schmidt Sasa-Marcel Maksan Ernst Klar Jan Schmidt Department of Surgery University of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany

AIM: A low vessel density is a common feature of malignant tumors. We suggested that the expansion of vessel diameter might reconstitute the oxygen and nutritient's supply in this situation. The aim of the present study was to compare the number and diameter of blood vessels in pancreatic and liver carcinoma with normal ***: Tumor induction of pancreatic (DSL6A) or hepatocellular (Morris-hepatoma) carcinoma was performed in male Lewis (pancreatic cancer) and ACI (hepatoma) rats by an orthotopic inoculation of solid tumor fragments (pancreatic cancer) or tumor cells (hepatoma). Six weeks (pancreatic cancer) or 12 d (hepatoma) after tumor implantation, the tumor microvasculature as well as normal pancreatic or liver blood vessels were investigated by intravital microscopy. The number of perfused blood vessels in tumor and healthy tissue was assessed by computer-assisted image ***: The vessel density in healthy pancreas (565±89n/mm^2) was significantly higher compared to pancreatic cancer (116±36 n/mm^2) (P<0.001). Healthy liver showed also a significantly higher vessel density (689+36 n/ram2) compared to liver carcinoma (286+32 n/mm2) (P<0.01). The comparison of diameter frequency showed a significant increase of vessel diameter in both malignant tumors compared to normal tissue (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The expansion of endothelial cells during tumor angiogenesis is accompanied to a large extent by an increase of vessel diameter rather than by formation of new blood vessels. This may be a possible adaptive mechanism by which experimental pancreatic and hepatocellular cancers expand their endothelial diffusion surface of endothelium to compensate for inadequate neoangiogenesis.

关键词：内皮表面扩充作用导管直径肿瘤血管生成实验性肝细胞胰腺癌消化系统

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Enhancement of leukocyte adhesion after percutaneous irradiation in rats with hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第13期11卷 1991-1994页

作者： Sasa-Marcel Maksan eduard Schmidt eduard Ryschich Wolfgang Harms Jan Schmidt Department of Surgery Department of Radiation Therapy

AIM: To evaluate the effects of percutaneous radiation on leukocyte-endothelium interaction (LEI) in experimental hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Twelve ACI rats underwent HCC-inoculation, six of which on day 12 received low-dose external radiation and six did not. After 12 h intravital microscopy was performed. RESULTS: LEI was significantly reduced in tumor tissue. However,irradiation of liver sinusoids and tumor tissue with 6 Gy led to a significant activation of leukocyte adhesion in the tumor with a marked increase of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the immune-logical tumor-endothelial barrier can be overcome by external irradiation.

关键词： Radiation Hepatocellular carcinoma Immune response Animal model

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Artificial boundary conditions for Euler–Bernoulli beam equation

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2014年第5期30卷 687-692页

作者： Shao-Qiang Tang eduard G.Karpov HEDPS CAPT and LTCS College of EngineeringPeking University Department of Civil and Materials Engineering University of Illinois at ChicagoChicago IL60607 USA

In a semi-discretized Euler-Bernoulli beam equa- tion, the non-nearest neighboring interaction and large span of temporal scales for wave propagations pose challenges to the effectiveness and stability for artificial boundary treat- ments. With the discrete equation regarded as an atomic lattice with a three-atom potential, two accurate artificial boundary conditions are first derived here. Reflection co- efficient and numerical tests illustrate the capability of the proposed methods. In particular, the time history treatment gives an exact boundary condition, yet with sensitivity to nu- merical implementations. The ALEX （almost EXact） bound- ary condition is numerically more effective.

关键词： Euler-Bernoulli beam. Artificial boundary con- dition - Wave propagation

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Revisiting the LQR Problem of Singular Systems

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第11期11卷 2236-2252页

作者： Komeil Nosrati Juri Belikov Aleksei Tepljakov eduard Petlenkov IEEE the Department of Computer Systems Tallinn University of Technology the Department of Software Science Tallinn University of Technology

In the development of linear quadratic regulator(LQR) algorithms, the Riccati equation approach offers two important characteristics——it is recursive and readily meets the existence condition. However, these attributes are applicable only to transformed singular systems, and the efficiency of the regulator may be undermined if constraints are violated in nonsingular versions. To address this gap, we introduce a direct approach to the LQR problem for linear singular systems, avoiding the need for any transformations and eliminating the need for regularity assumptions. To achieve this goal, we begin by formulating a quadratic cost function to derive the LQR algorithm through a penalized and weighted regression framework and then connect it to a constrained minimization problem using the Bellman's criterion. Then, we employ a dynamic programming strategy in a backward approach within a finite horizon to develop an LQR algorithm for the original system. To accomplish this, we address the stability and convergence analysis under the reachability and observability assumptions of a hypothetical system constructed by the pencil of augmented matrices and connected using the Hamiltonian diagonalization technique.

关键词： DC motor optimal control penalized weighted regression power system quadratic regulator singular system

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