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系统仿真学报 2002年第1期14卷 55-59,83页

作者： Christian Berger-Vachon and Lionel Collet Neuroscience & Sensory Systems Laboratory (UMR-CNRS 5020) Claude-Bernard University of Lyon & edouard-Herriot Hospital (ORL building) 69437 LYON-CEDEX 03-France Neuroscience & Sensory Systems Laboratory (UMR-CNRS 5020) Claude-Bernard University of Lyon & edouard-Herriot Hospital (ORL-building) 69437 LYON-CEDEX 03-France

In this text, the authors recall the main principles and data ruling cochlear implants. Then, a first circle of technical equipment for assistance is presented. This circle includes: device setting (DS), Electrically evoked Auditory Brainstem Responses (EABR), Neural Response Telemetry (NRT), Stapedial Reflex (SR) and Electrodogram Acquisition (EA). This first cycle becomes more and more important as children are implanted younger and younger; the amount of data available with this assistance makes necessary the use of models (implicit or explicit) to handle this information. Consequently, this field is more open than ever.1 Introduction1 1.1 About Hearing Mechanisms The hearing function in human beings is something very specific and difficult to understand because it uses the brain highest functions. Basically, we can say (figure 1) that several stages are involved [1]: It is not easy to give a unique interpretation to each one of these stages, as most of the involved processes overlap at all levels. Nevertheless, as a brief summary, let us assume that [2]: l The ear transmits the air vibrations and transforms them into electric stimuli compatible with nerve excitation, l Auditory pathways carry the electric pulses; exchanges take place, through decussation and information goes up using left and right channels. Also, specific features in the signal are detected and encoded before reaching the brain (phonetic features), l Brain interpretation matches input cues with the previously stored data into the memory and make association at different levels of language. In this text, we will come back on some ear features, mostly on the transformation of acoustical vibrations into electrical information transmitted to the brain. We will focus on the technical circle, but people fitted with a cochlear implant (CI) must be seen at all levels of language [3] and a typical team is composed of: l a E.N.T. (Ear Nose Throat) practitioner, l the surgeon performing the implantation,

关键词：耳蜗植入片神经科学感觉系统神经响应镫骨反射电力探测

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Laparoscopic Transperitoneal Pyeloplasty for Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction: Preliminary Results from 26 Cases

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Surgical Science 2023年第5期14卷 309-320页

作者： Cyril Kamadjou Divine Enoru Eyongeta Annie Kameni Wadeu Patrick Fotso Gwabap Bertin Njinou Ngninkeu edouard Hervé Moby Medico Surgical Centre of Urology and Mini Invasive Surgery Douala Cameroon Department of Surgery and Specialties Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Surgery Faculty of Health and Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Clinic of Aeroport Douala Cameroon

Background and Objectives: Pyelo-Ureteral Junction Syndrome (PUJS) is the most common obstructive malformation of the upper urinary tract in children and adults. The standard treatment is open pyeloplasty using the Kuss-Anderson technique. Because of the minimally invasive nature of the laparoscopic approach, it has become the approach of choice for the management of this pathology. We present the results of laparoscopic transperitoneal pyeloplasty used in the management of PUJS. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study from 2015 to 2020, including 26 patients who underwent laparoscopic transperitoneal pyeloplasty for PUJS. Results: Twenty-six patients, including 18 (69.2%) men and 6 (30.8%) women, with a mean age of 35.42 ± 13.62 years, were treated. Renal colic was the primary symptom in the majority of the cases (22, 84.6%)). The diagnosis was confirmed in all patients through an abdominal CT scan, which revealed that all 26 patients had hydronephrosis. Half of the patients (50.0%) were classified as Valayer-Cendron Type II, and eight (30.8%) patients had associated stones. Seventeen (65.4%) patients had pathologies on the left side, and all patients were treated using the Kuss-Anderson technique with a median operating time of 108.5 (90.0 - 136.0) minutes. The uncrossing of lower pole vessels was performed in 10 patients. The average duration of hospitalisation was 2.23 ± 0.82 days. No conversion was observed, and after an average follow-up of 53.69 days, the success rate was 92.3%. Conclusion: Laparoscopic pyeloplasty is a minimally invasive technique of choice for the treatment of pyelo-ureteral junction obstruction. It is dependable, repeatable, and produces good functional outcomes that are equal to those of traditional surgery.

关键词： Pyelo-Ureteral Junction Lower Pole Vessel Pyeloplasty Double J Stent

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作者： (法)爱德华·勒维(edouard Leve)

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Optimization of the Aqueous Decoction Process of Combretum micranthum Leaves

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第3期14卷 277-286页

作者： Papa Guedel Faye edouard Mbarick Ndiaye Samba Baldé Alioune Sow Omar Khatab Cissé Nicolas Cyrille Ayessou Mady Cisse Laboratory of Water Energy Environment and Industrial Processes (LE3PI) Polytechnic Higher School Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar (ESP-UCAD) Dakar Senegal UFR Agronomic Sciences Aquaculture and Agrifood Technologies Gaston BERGER University Dakar Senegal National School of Agriculture Iba Der THIAM University Thies Senegal Center for Studies on Food Security and Functional Molecules (CESAM) Dakar Senegal

This work proposes to compare the extraction of total polyphenols and the coloring obtained after several series of decoction at 100°C/20min, of whole or crushed leaves of Combretum micranthum. The total phenolic content of the extracts obtained after decoction was determined by Folin’s method. The color parameters were measured using a colorimeter based on the CIELAB system. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows significant differences (p 0.05) on different parameters evaluated. The Minitab 19 software was used to classify the extracts according to the color parameters (L, A, and B). The results showed that the maximum of polyphenols (21.67%) was extracted in the crushed leaves after three series of decoctions while with the whole leaves the maximum of 16.17% is obtained after six series of decoctions. The concentration of total polyphenols becomes low from four series of decoctions with 0.146 g·AG·100 g-1 MS. The red and yellow coloring drops respectively by 85 and 69% with crushed leaves and 64 and 21% with whole leaves. The conductivity and the brix of the extracts fall according to the series of decoctions. These results show that for optimal use of C. micranthum leaves in traditional medicine, crushed leaves and three series of decoctions are indicated and sufficient.

关键词： Combretum micranthum Extraction Decoction Polyphenols Coloring

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Nursing Theory and Its Practices in Two Health Care Facilities of Bujumbura

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Open Journal of Nursing 2021年第9期11卷 757-771页

作者： Emmanuel Gasaba Bosco Ntiranyibagira Iranyishuye Joseph Thérèse Uwamariya Emmanuel Nkurikiye Pierre Hategekimana Emmanuel Ndarusanze edouard Niyongabo Faculty of Health Sciences Hope Africa University Bujumbura Burundi Hope Africa University Bujumbura Burundi Department of Public Health Sciences National Institute of Public Health Bujumbura Burundi

Introduction: Nursing theory provides a systematic explanation and description of nursing phenomena. It is very important during nursing practice in healthcare facilities (HCFs) because it guides nurses on how to collect data, which data to collect, decide how to interpret the data through the perspective of the theorist, how to plan and implement care, how to make a change and how to evaluate the patient’s outcomes. This study aims to illustrate how nursing theory can be applied during the implementation of nursing care in HCFs of Burundi by orienting the nurses to understand its application during practice. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to assess the use of nursing theories in healthcare facilities. A purposive sampling method was used also to select 81 nurses working full and part by applying Alain Bouchard’s formula and the questionnaire was used as the data collection instrument. Results: The current study had revealed a poor knowledge among the participants on the use of nursing theory in these two HCFs as for all variables, their average scores were almost 24.1% whilst those who had no notion related to nursing theory reach a percentage of 75.9%. Conclusion: The study findings were slightly poor as for all variables, they scored less than 40%. Therefore, the use of theories to guide their practice was highly recommended to enhance the patients’ outcomes based on the use of scientific-based experts which could result from continuous education.

关键词： Nursing Nursing Theory Nursing Practice Healthcare Facilities (HCFs)

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Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice regarding Pressure Ulcers Prevention and Treatment

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Open Journal of Nursing 2022年第5期12卷 316-333页

作者： edouard Niyongabo Emmanuel Gasaba Pascal Niyonsenga Marius Ndayizeye Jean Bosco Ninezereza Désiré Nsabimana Annonciate Nshimirimana Schadrypeluth Abakundanye Faculty of Health Sciences Hope Africa University Bujumbura Burundi Department of Public Health Sciences National Institute of Public Health Bujumbura Burundi

Pressure ulcers (PU) are one of the most common hospital-acquired problems that occur in patients with mobility limitations. Such wounds can produce pain and deterioration of the underlying condition. Sometimes, they can be life-threatening, and their treatment can impose a financial burden on both the patient’s family and society. Nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practice are the most important weapons to fight this preventable burden of PU among patients with impaired mobility. The purpose of this study was to assess nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding PU prevention and treatment at Clinique Prince Louis Rwagasore (CPLR) in Bujumbura, Burundi. A cross-sectional study design was used. Convenience sampling was used to invite all 28 qualified nurses and nurses’ aids who work in the services where critically ill patients are admitted to participate. A questionnaire was created, and underwent evaluation of face validity before using it to collect data which was analysed using SPSS 21.0. Results revealed that nurses’ knowledge and practice scores were low as participants scored less than 50% on the six knowledge items and the six practice items. However, the attitude scores were greater than 65% on the five items used to evaluate attitude. A strong negative correlation was found between nurses’ knowledge and their attitude scores (r = ?0.479, p = 0.015). Education level was negatively associated with nurses’ knowledge and practice scores of PU prevention and treatment. A high attitude score did not correlate with a higher practice score which might be explained by low knowledge scores (less than 50% on knowledge items). Continuous professional development (CPD) was recommended to improve nurses’ knowledge scores and implementation of PU preventive practices at CPLR.

关键词： Pressure Ulcers Nurses Prevention Treatment Knowledge Attitude Practice

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Biological Control of Erosion of Banana Drains in Côte D’ivoire

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Agricultural Sciences 2016年第7期7卷 493-501页

作者： Kouadio Y. Prosper Boraud N’Takpé Kama Maxime Tiébré Marie-Solange Djakalia Ouattara edouard Kouakou N’guessan Laboratory of Botany UFR Biosciences University Félix Houphou&#235 t-Boigny Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire

The erosion of drains is a major limitation of the quality, the increasing of banana production and the environmental protection of industrial banana in Côte d'Ivoire. It leads inundations, death of banana trees and significant loss of production. Thence, the construction and the maintenance of drain costs too much and causes injure, snake bite, physical traumatisms, many diseases, … These events compromise the sustainable production of banana by reducing seriously worker’s the activities and finally increase the cost of production. The aim of the present work is to contribute to the sustainable development and human capacity building in the third world nations as far as banana production is concerned. The methods used so far to address this phenomenon proved inefficient. The technology innovation in this area has been to grow grass on the outer edges of the channels drained water. This resulted in a systematic reduction of erosion. Better still, it helped fertilize the soil, reduce the deportations of fertilizer and improve the quality of landscape of the plantations. Stenotaphrum secondatum is the best vegetable specie adapted to the biological control against water erosion of drains.

关键词： Banana Biological Control Ivory Coast Drain Environment

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Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Maga-Pouss Rice Fields (Far-North Region, Cameroon) and Transfer to Rice Grains

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 311-326页

作者： Diane Madomguia Gilbert Bello Basokdou Kalieu W. Appoline Isabelle Patrice Kuitekam Dongo edouard Nya Serge Hubert Zebaze Togouet Department of Hydraulics and Water Management National Advanced School of Engineering University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Research Center of Global Studies with Multidisciplinary Units (CREGUM) Maroua Cameroon National Laboratory of Analysis of Agricultural Inputs and Products Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Messa-Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Animal Physiology and Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon

Monitoring of heavy metals contamination of agricultural products and their transfer and bioaccumulation in crops like rice has become a hot topic worldwide over the last two decades. The present study was carried out to determine the accumulation of heavy metals in rice fields and their transfer to rice grains. Soil, irrigation water and rice grains samples were gathered in Maga-Pouss, Far-North, Cameroon. Concentrations of six heavy metals (lead, cadmium, zinc, copper, iron and mercury) were evaluated by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Mercury was not detected in this study. Average concentrations of metals were in this order (in mg/kg): Fe (188.60 ± 97.06) > Pb (63.63 ± 7.11) > Cd (2.59 ± 0.29) > Zn (1.10 ± 1.05) > Cu (0.80 ± 0.73) in water and Pb (105.50 ± 31.11) > Fe (105.50 ± 31.11) > Cu (45.93 ± 14.39) > Zn (22.52 ± 6.40) > Cd (3.15 ± 0.49) in soil. Water in Maga-Pouss rice fields appears to be more harmful than the soil, notably for lead, cadmium and copper. In rice grains, heavy metals were found in this order (mg/kg): Fe (188.01 ± 82.62) > Cu (27.20 ± 0.00) > Zn (23.61 ± 12.42) > Pb (19.50 ± 19.91) > Cd (2.02 ± 1.05). The mean bioconcentration factor (BCF) of metals from soil to rice grains was in the following order: Fe (2.60) > Zn (1.05) > Cd (0.64) > Cu (0.59) > Pb (0.18). From water to rice grains, the order is: Cu (37.26) > Zn (22.49) > Cd (6.97) > Pb (2.74) > Fe (1.94). Rice field pH and electrical conductivity favored the uptake of lead, copper and cadmium by rice grains. The findings of this study will be good documentation for risk assessment, and decision-making by environmental managers in this region.

关键词： Heavy Metals Rice Field Bioconcenration Factor Maga-Pouss Accumulation

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Effect of Sodium Carbonate on Extraction by Aqueous Decoction of Total Polyphenols from Crushed and Whole Leaves of Combretum micranthum

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第9期14卷 812-823页

作者： Papa Guedel Faye Lahat Niang edouard Mbarick Ndiaye Oumar Ibn Khatab Cisse Alioune Sow Nicolas Cyrille Ayessou Mady Cisse Laboratory of Water Energy Environment and Industrial Processes (LE3PI) Polytechnic Higher School Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar (ESP-UCAD) Dakar Senega Center for Studies on Food Security and Functional Molecules (CESAM) Dakar Senegal National School of Agriculture Iba Der THIAM University Thiès Senegal UFR Agronomic Sciences Aquaculture and Agrifood Technologies Gaston BERGER University Saint Louis USA

Sodium bicarbonate is sometimes used to aid in the extraction of total polyphenols. Its main effect is to increase the pH of the extraction solution. Raising the pH can cause changes in the chemical structure of polyphenols. This can lead to variations in their biological properties, solubility and stability. This work studied the effect of sodium carbonate on the extraction by aqueous decoction of total polyphenols from the leaves of Combretum micranthum. The content of total phenolic compounds in the extracts was estimated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The color of the samples was measured using a colorimeter (type: KONICA MINOLTA. Japan) based on the CIELAB color system. The results obtained were subjected to a one-way ANOVA analysis of variance with R software version 3.2.4 Revised (2018) and Minitab-18 software. The results reveal a drop in the concentration of extracted polyphenols proportional to the addition of sodium carbonate, i.e. a drop from 3.30 to 1.04 mg·AG·100 g-1 of extract on whole leaves and 3.921 to 2.551 mg·AG·100 g-1 extract on crushed leaves. On the other hand, the intensity of the coloring of the extracts increases significantly with the addition of sodium carbonate from 0.0 g·L -1 to 0.666 g·L-1.

关键词： Baking Soda Combrutum micranthum Extraction Decoction Polyphenols

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基于层次分析过程(AHP)的汽车人机交互界面(HMI)逻辑框架的分析及设计

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汽车实用技术 2013年第9期10卷 16-19页

作者： edouard-Thomas LARGILLIER 马钧徐雯霞同济大学上海201804

如今,做决策十分重要,企业尤其如此,其结果直接导致获利或亏损。有时,决策错综复杂,我们需要评估多个相关因素。另一个重要的决策制定过程存在于产品开发之中,由于直接影响产品能否被市场接受,其后果更为严重。本文将评估使用层次分析过... 详细信息

如今,做决策十分重要,企业尤其如此,其结果直接导致获利或亏损。有时,决策错综复杂,我们需要评估多个相关因素。另一个重要的决策制定过程存在于产品开发之中,由于直接影响产品能否被市场接受,其后果更为严重。本文将评估使用层次分析过程(AHP)作为产品开发过程决策工具的可行性。这种方法由Thomas Saaty开发,通过结合经验、判断和直觉为用户从多变量中制定最佳行为过程提供支持。为挑选出产品最佳性能的最优特性,本文着重对汽车人机交互界面(HMI)的逻辑框架进行分析与设计。这里介绍的工具通过建立产品评价标准的层次获得。研究过程中,我们制定了构建层次的标准并最终应用在搭载于一些现存大型车辆上含四变量的人机交互逻辑框架中。

关键词：基于层次分析过程人机交互界面多变量决策

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