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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第8期14卷 374-379页

作者： Frederick F. Buechel Sr Frederick F. Buechel jr Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Newark USA Lenox Hill Hospital Department of Orthopaedic Surgery New York USA

Background: Sagittal plane placement of the tibial component in total knee replacement (TKR) has important implications for maximizing the range of flexion motion, allowing collateral ligaments to function more normally, as well as providing ideal compressive loading on the tibial bone-prosthesis interface. This study attempts to quantify the normal posterior tibial slope (PTS) angle pre-operatively and post-operatively in osteoarthritic patients after using a conventional extramedullary tibial resection guide to assess its effectiveness. Methods: Forty-nine primary cementless total knee replacements in 34 osteoarthritic patients were measured radiographically pre-operatively and one year post-operatively to determine the PTS and its effect on range of motion. Lateral X-rays, using the anterior cortical line of the tibia, were employed for all measurements. Results: Pre-operative PTS measured 11.83˚ (range 5˚ - 18˚), while post-operative PTS of implanted tibial components measured 11.30o (range 4˚ - 18˚). The pre-operative range of motion of 112˚ (range 30˚ to 135˚) was improved to 119˚ (range 90˚ to 135˚) post-operatively after 1 year. Conclusions: Anterior tibial shaft referencing using a conventional extramedullary tibial resection guide provides an easy and convenient method for reproducing the anatomical PTS during TKR. This methodology provided improvement in average range of motion from 112˚ pre-operatively to 119˚ post-operatively at one year.

关键词： Posterior Tibial Slope Posterior Tibial Inclination Extramedullary Tibial Resection Guide Total Knee Alignment

Alternative expressions for stand diameter in complex forests

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第3期10卷 328-336页

作者： Mark J.Ducey John A.Kershaw jr. Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management University of New BrunswickFrederictonNBCanada

Quadratic mean diameter is the most frequently reported descriptor of the diameter distribution of *** such,it is often used as an indicator of forest stand structure,developmental stage,and ecological and economic ***,quadratic mean diameter can be heavily influenced by the presence or absence of large numbers of small stems in lower canopy strata,and it is also sensitive to left-truncation of the diameter distribution,making its interpretation across inventories with different protocols ***,we examine three alternative expressions of stand diameter:the arithmetic and quadratic mean diameter of the thickest 100 trees per hectare,and the basal area-weighted mean *** data from the United States Forest Inventory and Analysis program for New York and New England,these alternative expressions showed closer correlation with multiple stand structural variables than did quadratic mean diameter,including merchantable cubic and board foot volume per hectare,aboveground live tree carbon per hectare,and total number of live and dead standing trees greater than 40 cm diameter at breast height per hectare(previously proposed as an index of old-growth structure).Arithmetic and quadratic mean diameter of the thickest 100 trees per hectare showed nearly identical performance,and the strongest correlations across the *** develop closed-form expressions for these variables when the diameter distribution is a Weibull,and illustrate their behavior relative to quadratic mean diameter for that *** the reasons for prevalence of quadratic mean diameter as an indicator remain valid,we suggest that these alternative measures should be more widely reported and analyzed to give a more informative depiction of stand structure and development in complex forests.

关键词： Forest structure Diameter at breast height Weibull distribution

Local perceptions of climate change and adaptation needs in the Ifugao Rice Terraces (Northern Philippines)

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山地科学学报（英文） 2017年第8期14卷 1455-1472页

作者： Mario A.SORIANO jr. Johanna DIWA Srikantha HERATH Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability United Nations University School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Yale University

The Ifugao Rice Terraces in the Philippines is recognized worldwide as a sustainable landscape where humans live in harmony with nature. The success of the Ifugao Rice Terraces largely depends on the attunement of local farmers to their environment and their ability to adapt to perceived changes, as manifested in their complex body of traditional ecological and climatic knowledge. This paper examines the local perceptions on climate change and other challenges to sustainability through focus group discussions with farmers and traditional knowledge holders. Our main findings can be summarized as follows:(i) Ifugao farmers were able to observe climatic changes in recent years, and these changes were intimately linked with broader environmental and socio-cultural changes in the Ifugao social-ecological system;(ii) The climatic changes qualitatively observed by the farmers were in agreement with trends in datasets commonly used in scientific assessments, although this agreement depends on the spatial and temporal resolution of the dataset, and the type of statistical analysis performed, and;(iii) The Ifugaos stressed the importance of traditional knowledge and culture in climate change adaptation, and preferred measures which could increase internal adaptive capacity while addressingbroader sources of community vulnerability. Our results support calls to recognize Indigenous and Western science as equally valid ways of knowing. Discussions with the farmers revealed that in the Ifugao context, climate change may be better framed in the context of multiple stressors on rural livelihoods, with adaptation integrated into broader development objectives. Our findings also emphasize the need for greater engagement of indigenous Ifugao people in planning processes in order to identify adaptation strategies that are culturally appropriate, equitable, and effective in responding to local needs.

关键词： Ifugao Rice Terraces Climate Change Traditional Knowledge Indigenous Adaptation Social-Ecological System Sustainability

Feature Representations Using the Reflected Rectified Linear Unit(RReLU) Activation

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Big Data Mining and Analytics 2020年第2期3卷 102-120页

作者： Chaity Banerjee Tathagata Mukherjee Eduardo Pasiliao jr. Department of Idustrial&Systems Engineering University of Central FloridaFloridaOrlandoFL 32816-2368USA Department of Computer Science University of Alabama in HuntsvilleHuntsvilleHuntsvilleAL 35806USA Air Force Research Labs United States Air ForceEglin Air Force BaseShalimarFL 32579USA

Deep Neural Networks(DNNs)have become the tool of choice for machine learning practitioners *** important aspect of designing a neural network is the choice of the activation function to be used at the neurons of the different *** this work,we introduce a four-output activation function called the Reflected Rectified Linear Unit(RRe LU)activation which considers both a feature and its negation during *** activation function is"sparse",in that only two of the four possible outputs are active at a given *** test our activation function on the standard MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets,which are classification problems,as well as on a novel Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)dataset which is posed as a regression *** the baseline network for the MNIST dataset,having two hidden layers,our activation function improves the validation accuracy from 0.09 to 0.97 compared to the well-known Re LU *** the CIFAR-10 dataset,we use a deep baseline network that achieves 0.78 validation accuracy with 20 epochs but overfits the *** the RRe LU activation,we can achieve the same accuracy without overfitting the *** the CFD dataset,we show that the RRe LU activation can reduce the number of epochs from 100(using Re LU)to 10 while obtaining the same levels of performance.

关键词： deep learning feature space approximations multi-output activations Rectified Linear Unit(ReLU)

A new species of smooth skink (Squamata： Scincidae： Scincella) from Cambodia

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Zoological Research 2018年第3期39卷 220-240页

作者： Thy Neang Somaly Chan Nikolay A. Poyarkov, jr. Wild Earth Allies Sk. Phnom Penh Thmei Kh. Sen Sok Phnom Penh Cambodia Ministry of Environment Sk. Tonle Bassac Kh. Chamkarmorn Phnom Penh Cambodia Department of Vertebrate Zoology Biological Faculty Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow 119234 Russia Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Centre Nghia Do Cau Giay Hanoi Vietnam

Based on morphological and genetic evidence we evaluated the taxonomic status of a newly discovered forest-dwelling population of skink （genus Scincella） from the Keo Selma Wildlife Sanctuary, Mondulkiri Province, Cambodia. From phylogenetic analysis of a 668-bp fragment of the mtDNA COl and diagnostic morphological characters we allocate the newly discovered population to the Scincella reevesii-S. rufocaudata species complex and describe it as Scincella nigrofasciata sp. nov. The new skink species can be distinguished from all other Southeast Asian congeners by the following combination of morphological characters： snout-vent length （SVL） 40.0-52.6 mm; relative tail length （TaL/SVL ratio） 1.25-1.94; prefrontals in broad contact; infralabials 6; primary temporals 2; relative forelimb length （FIL/SVL ratio） 0.20-0.22; relative hindlimb length （HIL/SVL ratio） 0.30-0.33; relative forearm length （FoL/SVL ratio） 0.14-0.16; adpressed forelimbs and hind limbs either overlapping （0.4-2.2 mm） or separated （1.9-2.3 mm）; midbody scale rows 32-33, paravertebral scales 69-74, vertebral scales 65-69; dorsal scales between dorsolateral stripes 8; comparatively slender fingers and toes, subdigital lamellae under fourth toe 15-17; dark discontinuous regular dorsal stripes 5-7; distinct black dorsolateral stripes, narrowing to lateral sides and extending to 52%-86% of total tail length. We provide additional information on the holotype of Scincella rufocaudata （Darevsky ＆ Nguyen, 1983）, and provide evidence for the species status of Scincella rupicola. Our discovery brings the number of Scincellaspecies in Cambodia to five and emphasizes the incompleteness of knowledge on the herpetofaunal diversity of this country.

关键词： Mondulkiri Keo Seima WildlifeSanctuary Taxonomy mtDNA COl DNA barcoding Phylogenetics

Impact of enteroscopy on diagnosis and management of small bowel tumors

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2020年第3期32卷 319-333页

作者： Adriana Vaz Safatle-Ribeiro Ulysses Ribeiro jr. Endoscopy Unit of the Department of Gastroenterology Sao Paulo Cancer InstituteUniversity of Sao Paulo Medical School(ICESP-HCFMUSP)Sao Paulo 01327-002Brazil

Small bowel tumors(SBTs)have been increasingly diagnosed in recent *** pathogenesis of this increment is largely unknown,but advances in radiological and endoscopic methods facilitate the improvement of the *** endoscopy(CE)and device-assisted enteroscopy(DAE)allow the clinician to assess the entire small bowel in the search for suspicious lesions,or a cause of *** this review,we discuss the role of enteroscopy,techniques and strategies in the diagnosis and management of SBTs,and a brief description of the most common tumors.

关键词： Device-assisted enteroscopy capsule endoscopy double balloon endoscopy single balloon endoscopy small bowel tumors enteroscopy

Changing structure of China's meat imports

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第6期14卷 1081-1091页

作者： CHENG Ya-hao Zhifeng Gao James Seale jr. Department of Economics Nankai University Food and Resource Economics Department University of Florida

This paper discusses the determinants of meat imports of China. Results indicate that import demand is mostly determined by import price and real GDP. Imported price has a negative effect and real GDP has a positive influence on import quantity. Tariff does not have a significant effect. As GDP and consumption capacity increases, China has a large potential demand for meat imports. Some countries may gain if China＇s economy continues expanding, while others, like the United States, are the most sensitive to the trade policy of China.

关键词： imports Zealand expanding Australia income prices capita Fresh mostly accounting

A Pseudo-Stokes Mesh Motion Algorithm

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2013年第2期5卷 194-211页

作者： Luciano Goncalves Noleto Manuel N.D.Barcelos jr. Antonio C.P.Brasil jr. Universidade de Brasılia Faculdade de TecnologiaDepartamento de Engenharia MecanicaLaboratorio de Energia e Ambiente.Asa Norte.Brasılia-DFBrasil70.910-900 Universidade de Brasılia no Gama.Complexo de Educa¸c˜ao CulturaEsporte e Lazer.A rea Especial de Industria 1Setor LesteFaculdade Lote 1.Gama-DFBrasil72.444-210

This work presents a moving mesh methodology based on the solution of a pseudo flow *** mesh motion is modeled as a pseudo Stokes problem solved by an explicit finite element projection *** mesh quality requirements are satisfied by employing a null divergent velocity *** methodology is applied to triangular unstructured meshes and compared to well known approaches such as the ones based on diffusion and pseudo structural *** of the test cases is an airfoil with a fully meshed domain.A specific rotation velocity is imposed as the airfoil boundary *** other test is a set of two cylinders that move toward each other.A mesh quality criteria is employed to identify critically distorted elements and to evaluate the performance of each mesh motion *** results obtained for each test case show that the pseudo-flow methodology produces satisfactory meshes during the moving process.

关键词： Moving boundaries mesh motion strategy finite element projection methods

Large intestinal dynamics differ between fowl and swine:Anatomical modifications,microbial collaboration,and digestive advantages from fibrolytic enzymes

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第4期11卷 160-170页

作者： Edwin T.Moran jr. Michael R.Bedford Poultry Science Department Auburn UniversityAL 36830-5416USA AB Vista Woodstock CourtBlenheim RoadMarlboroughWiltshire SN84ANUK

The large intestinal systems of fowl and swine recover nutrients from ileal indigesta by a strategically different *** with fowl enter a short colon where retro-peristalsis using urine from the urodeum carries small particulates and solutes into both ceca while coarse materials collect in the *** repetitively add fine and soluble materials into both ceca to continue fermentation until complexity of the remainder exceeds microbial action,then contents apart from faeces are entirely *** with swine initially enter a short cecum followed by a lengthy progression through to the rectal *** out-pocketings of circular muscle or haustrae occur throughout the length of the pig's cecum and helicoidal *** pocket carries contents acquired earlier in the *** collects fines and solutes into haustrae during their progression through the colon whereas coarse particulates assemble in the *** contents continually ferment during movement to the distal colon with resulting volatile fatty acids(VFA)and electrolytes being *** loosely covers the lumen surface in caeca as well as helicoidal colon that may capture microbes from active intestinal contents as well as release others to sustain *** microbial community continually modifies to accommodate fibre complexity as *** starches(RS)and simple oligosaccharides rapidly ferment to yield VFA while encouraging butyric acid in the cecum and anterior colon,whereas non-starch polysaccharides(NSP)complexity requires extended durations through the remaining colon that enhance acetic *** fibre eventually results in undue complexity for fermentation and consolidates at termination of the *** compact pellets are placed on core contents to form faeces having a nodular ***,propionic,and butyric acids represent the bulk of VFA and are derived from non-digestible *** enzymes,when supplemented

关键词： Butyric acid Endogenous protein Intestinal microbes Large intestine Volatile fatty acids Xylanase

Choosing between a rock and a hard place： Camouflage in the round-tailed horned lizard Phrynosoma modestum

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Current Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 541-548页

作者： William E. COOPER, jr. Wade C. SHERBROOKE Department of Biology Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne Fort Wayne IN 46805 USA Southwestern Research Station American Museum of Natural History PO Box 16553 Portal AZ 85632 USA

The round-tailed homed lizard Phrynosoma modestum is cryptically colored and resembles a small stone when it draws legs close to its body and elevates its back. We investigated effectiveness of camouflage in P. modestum and its dependence on stones by placing a lizard in one of two microhabitats （uniform sand or sand with surface rocks approximately the same size as lizards）. An observer who knew which microhabitat contained the lizard was asked to locate the lizard visually. Latency to detec- tion was longer and probability of no detection within 60 s was higher for lizards on rock background than on bare sand. In arenas where lizards could choose to occupy rock or bare sand, much higher proportions selected rocky backgrounds throughout the day; at night all lizards slept among stones. A unique posture gives P modestum a rounded appearance similar to many natural stones. Lizards occasionally adopted the posture, but none did so in response to a nearby experimenter. Stimuli that elicit the posture are unknown. That P. modestum is better camouflaged among rocks than on bare sand and prefers to occupy rocky areas suggests that special resemblance to rocks （masquerade） enhances camouflage attributable to coloration and immobility.

关键词： Animal defense Background matching Camouflage Crypsis Masquerade Squamata