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Addressing constraints to informal providers’involvement in tuberculosis control:a qualitative study of patent medicine dealers and tuberculosis programme managers

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Global Health Research and Policy 2021年第1期6卷 65-76页

作者： Cosmas Kenan Onah Benedict Ndubueze Azuogu edmund Ndudi Ossai Adaoha Pearl Agu Victoria Chioma Azuogu Isaac Alobu Emeka Onwe Ogah Department of Community Medicine Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching HospitalAbakaliki(AEFUTHA)P.M.B:102AbakalikiEbonyi StateNigeria Department of Community Medicine College of Health SciencesEbonyi State UniversityAbakalikiNigeria African Institute for Health Policy and Health Systems Ebonyi State UniversityAbakalikiNigeria Department of Nursing Services AE-FUTHAAbakalikiEbonyi StateNigeria National Tuberculosis Leprosy and Buruli Ulcer Control ProgrammeEbonyi State Ministry of HealthAbakalikiNigeria Department of Paediatrics AE-FUTHAAbakalikiEbonyi StateNigeria

Background:A major constraint to tuberculosis control is low case finding with under-reporting to national *** shows that Patent Medicine Dealers are first port of call for most people with symptoms of tuberculosis,yet there is poor referral of such clients to tuberculosis treatment facilities for further *** study investigated constraints to involvement of Patent Medicine Dealers in tuberculosis ***:This was a cross-sectional qualitative study among Patent Medicine Dealers and Tuberculosis Control Programme Managers in Ebonyi State ***-four Patent Medicine Dealers and five Tuberculosis Control Programme Managers were interviewed using Focus Group Discussion and In-Depth Interview *** was collected with electronic audio-recording device and analyzed using thematic ***:There are some knowledge gaps about tuberculosis signs,symptoms,free-treatment policy and mode of operation of care service among Patent Medicine *** Medicine Dealers and Tuberculosis Control Programme Managers are willing to collaborate in tuberculosis control effort but constant demand for incentives by Patent Medicine Dealers and inability of National Tuberculosis Control Programme to keep up with such demands are obvious ***:Knowledge gaps in tuberculosis,its control,constant demand for incentives by Patent Medicine Dealers and inability of National Tuberculosis Control Programme to satisfy such demands are constraints to involvement of Patent Medicine Dealers in tuberculosis *** robust engagement of Patent Medicine Dealers in tuberculosis control with clear job description through tuberculosis education and provision of incentives to support them are recommended policy approaches to improve linkage of clients to tuberculosis treatment facilities.

关键词： Tuberculosis control Patent medicine dealers Chronic cough Presumptive tuberculosis referral DOTS Nigeria

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Prospective validation of %p2PSA and the Prostate Health Index, in prostate cancer detection in initial prostate biopsies of Asian men, with total PSA 4-10 ng ml-1

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第3期19卷 286-290页

作者： Lincoln GL Tan Yung Khan Tan Bee Choo Tai Karen ML Tan Vineet Gauhar Ho Yee Tiong Robert CW Hawkins Thomas P Thamboo Felicia SK Hong edmund Chiong Department of Urology National University Hospital National University Health System Singapore Department of Urology Tan Tock Seng Hospital Singapore Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Laboratory Medicine National University Hospital Singapore Department of Urology Alexandra Hospital Jurong Health Singapore Department of Laboratory Medicine Tan Teck Seng Hospital Singapore Department of Pathology National University Hospital Singapore.

Despite its widespread use for prostate cancer screening, low specificity makes PSA a suboptimal biomarker, especially in the diagnostic ＂gray zone＂ of 4-10 ng ml-1, False-positives lead to unnecessary biopsies with attendant morbidities. This is the first prospective validation study of %p2PSA and the Prostate Health Index （PHI） in Asian men presenting with a total PSA between 4.0 and 10 ng m1-1. We studied 157 Asian men between 50 and 75 years old, with normal per rectal prostate examinations, undergoing their first prostate biopsy, using a standardized biopsy protocol, for PSA levels of 4-10 ng ml-1, Thirty （19.1%） were found to have prostate cancer on biopsy. Statistically significant differences between patients with and without prostate cancer were found for total PSA, p2PSA, %p2PSA, and PHh The areas under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve for total PSA, %fPSA, %p2PSA, and PHI were 0.479, 0.420, 0.695, and 0.794, respectively. PHI predicts prostatic biopsies results best. At a sensitivity of 90%, the specificity （95% CI） of PHI was 58.3%, more than triple the specificity of total PSA at 17.3%, potentially avoiding 77 （49%） unnecessary biopsies. Similar to studies in mainly Caucasian populations, we have prospectively shown that %p2PSA and PHI greatly outperform total and free to total PSA ratio, in the detection of prostate cancer at first biopsy. Higher PHi levels also correspond to increasing the risk of detecting GS ≥7 cancers. We have validated the use of PHI to aid decision-making regarding prostate biopsies in Asian men with serum PSA between 4 and 10 ng *** its widespread use for prostate cancer screening, low specificity makes PSA a suboptimal biomarker, especially in the diagnostic ＂gray zone＂ of 4-10 ng m1-1, False-positives lead to unnecessary biopsies with attendant morbidities. This is the first prospective validation study of %p2PSA and the Prostate Health Index （PHI） in Asian men presenting with a total PSA betwe

关键词： biological markers prostate specific antigen prostatic neoplasms

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Enhanced depth resolution in optical scanning holography using a configurable pupil

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Photonics Research 2014年第2期2卷 64-70页

作者： Haiyan Ou Ting-Chung Poon Kenneth K.Y.Wong edmund Y.Lam Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Hong KongPokfulamHong KongChina Institute of Applied Physics University of Electronic Science and Technology of China610054ChengduChina Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVirginia 24061USA

The optical scanning holography(OSH)technique can capture all the three-dimensional volume information of an object in a hologram via a single raster *** digital hologram can then be processed to reconstruct individual sectional images of the *** this paper,we present a scheme to reconstruct sectional images in OSH with enhanced depth resolution,where a spatial light modulator(SLM)is adopted as a configurable point *** switching the SLM between two states,different Fresnel zone plates(FZPs)are generated based on the same optical *** extra information provided by different FZPs,a depth resolution at 0.7μm can be achieved.

关键词： resolution sectional Fresnel

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证据法之基本问题

证据法之基本问题

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1982年

作者： edmund M. Morgan 李学灯译

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机械密封端面材料的选择、特性及其质量保证

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流体工程 1990年第10期18卷 40-46页

作者： edmund J.KLIMEK 顾晓梅

前言机械密封现行设计理论规定,在运行期间密封端面间要有一层润滑膜,该膜厚度最小仅为0.0007mm。在通常泵送条件下,为了保持该润滑膜。

关键词：机械密封端面材料密封材料

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微型塑料构件的力学特征值

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工程设计学报 2007年第6期14卷 505-510页

作者： edmund Haberstroh[德] Marcel Brandt[德] 刘全坤（翻译）桂贵生（译校）亚琛塑料加工研究所不详合肥工业大学材料科学与工程学院 230009 合肥工业大学机械与汽车工程学院 230009

在航空、航天、医疗和车辆工程中,要研制越来越小、越来越轻的系统元器件.因此,用塑料制造微型零件固然重要,但还必须提供该成形件的尺度和设计特征值.从大尺寸领域获得的数据不能简单地移植到微尺寸领域.几何尺寸的缩小引起注塑工艺制... 详细信息

在航空、航天、医疗和车辆工程中,要研制越来越小、越来越轻的系统元器件.因此,用塑料制造微型零件固然重要,但还必须提供该成形件的尺度和设计特征值.从大尺寸领域获得的数据不能简单地移植到微尺寸领域.几何尺寸的缩小引起注塑工艺制造条件的不同,因此改变其内部性能,它表现在不同的力学特征值上.

关键词：微型零件特征值力学塑料构件工艺制造车辆工程几何尺寸

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Microbial Properties of Probiotic Fermented Milk Supplemented with Ginseng Extracts

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第4期4卷 392-397页

作者： Sharareh Hekmat Adriana Cimo Mohammad Soltani edmund Lui Gregor Reid Canadian Research and Development Centre for Probiotics St. Joseph’s Hospital London Canada Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University London Canada Division of Food and Nutritional Sciences Brescia University College Western University London Canada

The therapeutic properties of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and ginseng extracts have been well documented. The objective of this study was to measure growth and survival of L. rhamnosus GR-1 in milk fortified with ginseng extracts during storage period of 28 days. Five formulations of milk (1% fat) were prepared. Two samples were fortified with alcoholic ginseng extract (AGE: 150 μg/mL, AGE: 500 μg/mL) and the other two samples were fortified with aqueous ginseng extract (QGE: 150 μg/mL, QGE: 500 μg/ml) and one with no ginseng extract (C). The mixtures were autoclaved for 15 min, cooled to 37?C and inoculated with 1% starter culture. The samples were then incubated anaerobically at 37℃ overnight. Selective MRS agar containing 0.015 g/L fusidic acid was used to enumerate L. rhamnosus GR-1 after 1, 14, and 28 d storage at 4℃. All ginseng-fortified samples supported the growth and survival of L. rhamnosus GR-1, as viable counts were detected at each measurement point throughout the 28 d storage period. After 1 d of storage, total colony counts for L. rhamnosus GR-1 in AGE: 150 μg/mL and AGE: 500 μg/mL were 1.3 × 109 and 1.4 × 109 CFU/mL, respectively;probiotic counts in QGE 150 μg/mL and QGE: 500 μg/mL were 1.5 × 109 and 1.4 × 109 CFU/mL, respectively. Additionally, L. rhamnosus GR-1 viability remained stable throughout the 28 days storage period, as no significant decrease (p L. rhamnosus GR-1 can remain viable in presence of ginseng extracts during storage period and there is potential for incorporating ginseng extracts in other probiotic dairy products.

关键词： Yogurt Ginseng Probiotic

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Engineering handbook

Engineering handbook

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2007年

作者： editor-in-chief edmund A.

ISBN: (纸本)9780240807515;0240807510;9780240809823

A big thumper of an engineering resource is about to hit broadcast technical circles, written by a list of veritable engineering all-stars.- Radio World Online, April 2007 A big thumper of an engineering resource is about to hit broadcast technical circles, written by a list of veritable engineering all-stars.- Radio World Online, April 2007

关键词： Broadcasting.RadioTransmitters and transmission.TelevisionTransmitters and transmission.Radio stationsDesign and construction.Television stationsDesign and construction.

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包装设计四要素

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装饰 1990年第1期 12-15页

作者： edmund W.T.Faison 张明益美国夏威夷大学

引言在外行看来,商品包装设计也许是不很重要的广告手段。而在美国,1979年广告总开支估计为200到250亿美元,包装总开支几乎达400亿美元之多。包装之所以必须看做广告的一个组成部分,理由在于包装实在是商品销售时最重要的广告。对于广... 详细信息

引言在外行看来,商品包装设计也许是不很重要的广告手段。而在美国,1979年广告总开支估计为200到250亿美元,包装总开支几乎达400亿美元之多。包装之所以必须看做广告的一个组成部分,理由在于包装实在是商品销售时最重要的广告。对于广告开支额有限的商品来说,看到商品包装的人数,远远超过所有其他广告形式传布商标印象的次数。多年来,第一流的消费商品公司和各种广告机构都认识到包装设计的重要性。对营销人员来说,包装设计包括了技术设计和画面设计两个方面,必须考虑包装设计四个要素:

关键词：包装设计要素

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Solution processed MoS2-PVA composite for subbandgap mode-locking of a wideband tunable ultrafast Er：fiber laser

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Nano Research 2015年第5期8卷 1522-1534页

作者： Meng Zhang Richard C. T. Howe Robert I. Woodward edmund J. R. Kelleher Felice Torrisi Guohua Hu Sergei V. Popov J. Roy Taylor Tawfique Hasan Femtosecond Optics Group Blackett Laboratory Prince Consort Road Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK Cambridge Graphene Centre University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 OFA UK

We fabricate a free-standing few-layer molybdenum disulfide （MoS2）-polymer composite by liquid phase exfoliation of chemically pristine MoS2 crystals and use this to demonstrate a wideband tunable, ultrafast mode-locked fiber laser. Stable, picosecond pulses, tunable from 1,535 nm to 1,565 nm, are generated, corresponding to photon energies below the MoS2 material bandgap. These results contribute to the growing body of work studying the nonlinear optical properties of transition metal dichalcogenides that present new opportunities for ultrafast photonic applications.

关键词： molybdenum disulfide two-dimensional materials liquid phase exfoliation polymer composites saturable absorbers ultrafast lasers

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