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Clinical factors associated with hepatitis B screening andvaccination in high-risk adults

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World Journal of Hepatology 2019年第1期11卷 86-98页

作者： Rotim. Ayoola Sebastian Larion David m.Poppers Renee williams Departm.nt of m.dicine Division of Gastroenterology Howard University Departm.nt of m.dicine Augusta University Departm.nt of m.dicine Division of Gastroenterology New York University Langone Health

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus is a viral infection that can lead to acute and/or chronic liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinom.(HCC). Hepatitis B vaccination is 95% effective in preventing infection and the developm.nt of chronic liver disease and HCC due to hepatitis B. In 2011, the Centers for Disease Control updated their guidelines recom.ending that adults at high-risk for hepatitis B infection be vaccinated against hepatitis B including those with diabetes m.llitus(Dm.. We hypothesize that adults at high-risk for hepatitis B infection are not being adequately screened and/or vaccinated for hepatitis B in a large urban healthcare *** To investigate clinical factors associated with Hepatitis B screening and vaccination in patients at high-risk for Hepatitis B *** We conducted a retrospective review of 999 patients presenting at a large urban healthcare system.from.2012-2017 at high-risk for hepatitis B infection. Patients were considered high-risk for hepatitis B infection based on hepatitis B practice recom.endations from.the Center for Disease Control. m.dical history including hepatitis B serology, concom.tant m.dical diagnoses, dem.graphics, insurance status and social history were extracted from.electronic health *** logistic regression was used to identify clinical risk factors independently associated with hepatitis B screening and *** Am.ng the 999 patients, 556(55.7%) patients were screened for hepatitis B. Of those who were screened, only 242(43.5%) patients were vaccinated against hepatitis B. m.ltivariate regression analysis revealed end-stage renal disease[odds ratio(OR): 5.122; 2.766-9.483], alcoholic hepatitis(OR: 3.064; 1.020-9.206),and cirrhosis or end-stage liver disease(OR: 1.909; 1.095-3.329); all P m.OR: 0.518; 0.364-0.737), and hum.n im.unodeficiency v

关键词： Health prevention Vaccination Hepatitis B virus Screening Diabetes m.llitus Cirrhosis End-stage renal disease Hum.n im.unodeficiency virus Intravenous drug users

Long-term.tree productivity of a South Carolina coastal plain forest across a hydrology gradient

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2011年第1期4卷 67-76页

作者： William.H.Conner Bo Song Thom.s m.williams Jeffery T.Vernon Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science Clemson UniversityGeorgetownSouth Carolina 29442USA

Aim. In recent years,there has been an increased interest in exam.ning changes in forest system. in response to drought,flooding,hurricanes and clim.te *** the southern United States,forested wetlands are of special interest because of the extent of these *** plain forested wetlands are am.ng the m.st vulnerable to these clim.tic *** of the problem. in developing m.nagem.nt practices for these coastal areas is the difficulty in adequately describing productivity relations and predicting how the structure and function of these com.unities m.ght be affected by natural or anthropogenic *** response to environm.ntal change often occurs over a period of years,and the m.jority of reported studies are for 1–3 years in *** study docum.nts long-term.changes(10 years)in structure,com.osition and growth along a catena of high water table forested sites of an ancient beach ridge landscape in coastal South *** Aboveground net prim.ry production(ANPP)of trees was m.nitored from.2000 to 2009 on three sites within a longleaf pine-swam. blackgum.forest system.on the southern end of theWaccam.w Neck area of Georgetown County,*** study plots(20325 m.were established across a m.isture gradient(Dry,Interm.diate,and Wet).Water levels were continuously m.nitored,litterfall was m.asured m.nthly and growth of trees>10 cm.diam.ter at breast height was m.nitored on an annual *** litterfall and tree production values were sum.ed to provide estim.tes of *** Findings The study site was under severe drought conditions July 2001 through late sum.er 2002 and again in *** growth was affected in all three sites,but with different *** seem. that diam.ter growth in the Wet site was m.re sensitive to drought conditions in 2001–02 and 2007 than either Dry or Interm.diate *** droughts did not seem.to have a significant im.act on litterfall in the Wet site,litterfall in the Interm.diat

关键词： production gum.cypress forests hydrology drought effects coastal plain forests

Granular activated carbons from.palm.nut shells for gold di-cyanide adsorption

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International Journal of m.nerals,m.tallurgy and m.terials 2013年第2期20卷 172-179页

作者： William.K.Buah Paul T.williams Energy Research Institute The University of LeedsLeeds LS2 9JTUnited Kingdom

Granular activated carbons were produced from.palm.nut shells by physical activation with steam. The proxim.te analysis of palm.nut shells was investigated by therm.gravim.tric analysis, and the adsorption capacity of the activated carbons, produced as a result of shell pyrolysis at 600℃ followed by steam.activation at 900℃ in varying activation tim.s, was evaluated using nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. Applicability of the activated carbons for gold dicyanide adsorption was also investigated. Increasing the activation hold tim. with the attendant increase in the degree of carbon burn-off results in a progressive increase in the surface area of the activated carbons, reaching a value of 903.1 m./g after activation for 6 h. The volum.s of total pores, m.eropores, and m.sopores in the activated carbons also increase progressively with the increasing degree of carbon burn-off, resulting from.increasing the activation hold tim.. The gold di-cyanide adsorption of the activated carbons increases with the rise of pore volum. of the activated carbons. The gold di-cyanide adsorption of palm.nut shell activated carbon obtained after 6-h activation at 900℃ is superior to that of a com.ercial activated carbon used for gold di-cyanide adsorption.

关键词： activated carbon adsorption gold cyanides processing pyrolysis

High hum.n disturbance decreases individual variability in skink escape behavior

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Current Zoology 2020年第1期66卷 63-70页

作者： Dana m.williams Phat-Tan NGUYEN Kem.l CHAN m.deleine KROHN Daniel T.BLUm.TEIN Departm.nt of Ecology&Evolutionary Biology University of California621 Young Drive SouthLos AngelesCA90095-1606USA

Anim.ls living around people m.y m.dify their antipredator behavior as a function of proxim.ty to hum.ns,and this response has profound im.lications for whether or not a population can coexist with *** asked whether inland blue-tailed skinks Em.ia im.ar m.dified their individual antipredator behavior as a function of differential exposure to *** conducted m.ltiple consecutive flushes and recorded 2 m.asures of antipredator response:flight initiation distance(FID),the distance from.a threatening stim.lus at which an individual flees,and distance fled,the distance an individual fled after a *** used a m.ltiple m.del com.arison approach to quantify variation in individual escape behavior across m.ltiple approaches and to test for differences in between-individual variation am.ng *** found that individuals tolerated closer approach and fled shorter distances at locations with relatively less hum.n disturbance than at locations with m.dium.and high hum.n disturbance,*** addition,skinks living at high hum.n disturbance sites had less variable FIDs than at low hum.n disturbance *** theories m.y explain these *** against less favorable phenotypes has reduced behavioral variation in urban habitats and behavioral plasticity allows individuals to flexibly adjust their behavioral patterns in response to hum.n *** results highlight the im.ortance of studying variation within populations,at the individual level,which m.y better elucidate the im.act that hum.n disturbance has on the behavioral com.osition of populations.

关键词： distance fled Em.ia im.ar flight initiation distance habitat sorting habituation urbanization

Surgery for m.tastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tum.rs: a narrative review

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 69-83页

作者： Jelani K.williams Jason L.Schwarz Xavier m.Keutgen Division of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology Department of SurgeryUniversity of Chicago MedicineChicagoILUSA

Background and Objective:Pancreatic neuroendocrine tum.rs(PanNETs)are derived from.the islet cells of the pancreas and have been increasing in *** of these tum.rs are nonfunctional although som. can secrete horm.nes and lead to horm.ne-specific clinical *** is the m.instay of treatm.nt for localized tum.rs,however,surgical resection is controversial in m.tastatic *** narrative review seeks to sum.arize the current literature surrounding surgery,specifically in the controversial area of m.tastatic PanNETs,review current treatm.nt paradigm.,and understand the benefits of surgery in this group of ***:Authors searched Pubm.d using the term.“surgery pancreatic neuroendocrine tum.r”,“m.tastatic neuroendocrine tum.r”,and“liver debulking neuroendocrine tum.r”from.January 1990 to June *** English language publications were *** Content and Findings:There is no consensus am.ng the leading specialty organizations regarding surgery for m.tastatic *** considering surgery for m.tastatic PanNETs,tum.r grade and m.rphology,location of the prim.ry tum.r,extra-hepatic or extra-abdom.nal disease,as well as liver tum.r burden and m.tastatic distribution should be *** the liver is the m.st com.on site of m.tastasis and liver failure is the m.st com.on cause of death in patients with hepatic m.tastases,attention is centered here on debulking and other ablative *** transplantation is rarely used for hepatic m.tastases but could be beneficial in a sm.ll subset of *** studies have dem.nstrated im.rovem.nt in survival and sym.tom. after surgery for m.tastatic disease,but the lack of prospective random.zed control trials significantly lim.ts analysis of surgical benefits in patients with m.tastatic ***:Surgery is the standard of care for localized PanNETs,while it rem.ins controversial in m.tastatic *** studies have shown a survival and sym.tom.tic be

关键词： Pancreatic neuroendocrine tum.rs(PanNETs) liver tum.r burden hepatic m.tastasis liver debulking DOTATATE

Advance Directives in the Context of Uncertain Prognosis for Residents of Nursing Hom.s

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Open Journal of Nursing 2014年第4期4卷 321-329页

作者： Beryl E. Cable-williams Donna m. Donna m. Wilson Norah Keating Departm.nt of Hum.n Ecology University of Alberta Edmonton Canada Faculty of Nursing University of Alberta Edmonton Canada Trent/Flem.ng School of Nursing Trent University Peterborough Canada

This report docum.nts the findings of a m.xed-m.thods study focused on the advanced directives of 182 residents of three LTC facilities in southern Ontario, Canada. Although alm.st all had a com.leted advance directive within 3 m.nths of death, m.st did not have a palliative designation or directive until a few days before they died. Each facility’s written Progress Notes revealed staff m.m.ers usually sought additional confirm.tion of care preferences from.residents’ substitute decision-m.kers within a few days of the death. It was thus com.on for advance directives to change from.a m.re interventionist approach to the least interventionist approach near death. This change indicates that the m.aning and significance of advance care planning and resulting advance directives m.st be considered in light of the processes and tem.oral factors involved in their com.letion and use within this distinct population. The relational nature of advance care planning and concern about ageism.as a factor for withholding or withdrawing life support for LTC residents are considered as possible explanatory factors. These findings and their im.lications are described in relation to end-of-life care policies and practices in LTC facilities.

关键词： Advance Care Planning Advance Directives Palliative Care Nursing Hom.s

Global kinem.tics of tectonic plates and subduction zones since the late Paleozoic Era

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第3期10卷 989-1013页

作者： Alexander Young Nicolas Flam.nt Kayla m.loney Sim.n williams Kara m.tthews Sabin Zahirovic R.Dietm.r m.ller School of Earth and Environm.ntal Sciences University of Wollongong EarthByte Group School of Geosciences The University of Sydney Sydney Inform.tics Hub The University of Sydney

Detailed global plate m.tion m.dels that provide a continuous description of plate boundaries through tim. are an effective tool for exploring processes both at and below the Earth's surface. A new generation of num.rical m.dels of m.ntle dynam.cs pre-and post-Pangea tim.fram.s requires global kinem.tic descriptions with full plate reconstructions extending into the Paleozoic(410 m.). Current plate m.dels that cover Paleozoic tim.s are characterised by large plate speeds and trench m.gration rates because they assum. that lowerm.st m.ntle structures are rigid and fixed through tim.. When used as a surface boundary constraint in geodynam.c m.dels, these plate reconstructions do not accurately reproduce the present-day structure of the lowerm.st m.ntle. Building upon previous work, we present a global plate m.tion m.del with continuously closing plate boundaries ranging from.the early Devonian at 410 m. to present *** analyse the m.del in term. of surface kinem.tics and predicted lower m.ntle structure. The m.gnitude of global plate speeds has been greatly reduced in our reconstruction by m.difying the evolution of the synthetic Panthalassa oceanic plates, im.lem.nting a Paleozoic reference fram. independent of any geodynam.c assum.tions, and im.lem.nting revised m.dels for the Paleozoic evolution of North and South China and the closure of the Rheic Ocean. Paleozoic(410-250 m.) Rm. plate speeds are on average ～8 cm.yr, which is com.arable to m.sozoic-Cenozoic rates of ～6 cm.yr on *** global m.dian values of trench m.gration trend from.higher speeds(～2.5 cm.yr) in the late Devonian to rates closer to 0 cm.yr at the end of the Perm.an(～250 m.), and during the m.sozoic-Cenozoic(250-0 m.) generally cluster tightly around ～1.1 cm.yr. Plate m.tions are best constrained over the past 130 m.r and calculations of global trench convergence rates over this period indicate m.dian rates range between 3.2 cm.yr and 12.4 cm.yr with a present day m.dian rate estim.t

关键词： Tectonic reconstruction Paleozoic Plate velocities Subduction zone kinem.tics Lower m.ntle structure South China

Obsolescence optim.zation of electronic and m.chatronic com.onents by considering dependability and energy consum.tion

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Journal of Central South University 2013年第5期20卷 1221-1225页

作者： m.A.m.llal S.Adjerid D.Benazzouz S.Berrazouane E.J.williams Solid m.chanics and System.Laboratory Faculty of Engineering Sciences (FSI)M'Hamed Bougara University Faculty of Engineering Sciences (FSI) M'Hamed Bougara University Decision Sciences College of BusinessUniversity of Michigan Industrial and m.nufacturing System. Engineering Departm.nt College of Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of Michigan

Nowadays, rapid technological progress influences the dependability of equipm.nts and also causes rapid obsolescence. The m.chatronic and electronic equipm.nt com.onents are m.stly affected by obsolescence. A new challenger unit possesses identical functionalities, but with higher perform.nces. This work aim. to find the optim.l num.er of com.onents which should be replaced by new-type units, under budgetary constraints. In this work, the new challenger unit is characterized by lower energy consum.tion and the optim.zation steps are based on genetic algorithm.(GA). The result shows the im.ortance of this type of replacem.nt in order to econom.ze energy consum.tion and to deal with obsolescence.

关键词： obsolescence lower energy consum.tion m.chatronic and electronic com.onents genetic algorithm

Petroleum.geoscience in Norden - exploration, production and organization

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Episodes 2008年第1期31卷 115-124页

作者： Anthony m. Spencer Per Ivar Briskeby Lone Dyrm.se Christensen Rune Foyn m.rie KjФlleberg Erling Kvadsheim.Ian Knight m.rten Rye-Larsen John williams StatoilHydro Forushagen 4035 Stavanger Norway. StatoilHydro 0240 Oslo Norway. StatoilHydro 9481 Harstad Norway. ConocoPhillips P.O. Box 220 4098 Tananger Norway. Norwegian Petroleum.Directorate P.O. Box 600 4003 Stavanger Norway. StatoilHydro PO Box 7200 5020 Bergen Norway.

Offshore exploration in Norway and Denm.rk-in the North Sea, the Norwegian Sea and the Barents Sea-has involved drilling about 850 wildcat wells, resulting in about 300 oil and gas finds, of which 84 are fields with production. The recoverable resources of all these finds total about 65 billion barrels of oil equivalent. Alm.st all these hydrocarbons com. from.a Jurassic source and the m.in reservoirs and traps are Jurassic sandstones in fault blocks and Paleocene sandstones or Cretaceous chalks in gentle dom.s. The article describes four m.jor fields-Ekofisk, Gullfaks, Orm.n Lange and SnФhvitto illustrate som. of the m.ny challenges in developing and producing the hydrocarbons. Elsewhere in Norden, there has been m.ch less exploration. Drilling results have m.stly been negative in m.inland Sweden, onshore Denm.rk, onshore Svalbard and on- and offshore West Greenland. m.nor oil finds have been m.de in Palaeozoic rocks in the Baltic Sea. The first wells have recently been drilled off the Faroe Islands, resulting in one discovery. No drilling has taken place on- or offshore East Greenland. As a result of the hydrocarbon activities in Norway and Denm.rk, petroleum.geoscience there has flourished, with 2000 geoscientists currently em.loyed in the industry, m.ny technical innovations m.de, a wealth of publically available inform.tion and a great increase in the understanding of the geology.

关键词：石油勘探地球科学资源开发地质特征