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Nanotechnology in Cosmetics: Basics, Current Trends and Safety Concerns—A Review

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Advances in Nanoparticles 2020年第1期9卷 1-22页

作者： Daniel Ekpa Effiong Timma Otobong Uwah edidiong udofa Jumbo Akwaowo Elijah Akpabio Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology University of Uyo Uyo Nigeria Pharmaceutical Microbiology Unit Department of Pharmaceutics University of Uyo Uyo Nigeria Department of Clinical and Biopharmacy University of Uyo Uyo Nigeria

As nanotechnology finds new applications, the formulation and use of nano-particulate structures in the production of cosmetics and cosmeceuticals keeps increasing. Nano-sized materials such as cubosomes, nanodots, liposomes, dendrimers, nano-emulsions are now becoming regular ingredients in the cosmetic space. These nanoparticle-based cosmetics or nano-cosmeceuticals have extended the boundaries of the applications of cosmetics in managing conditions of wrinkling, dehydrated and inelastic skin associated with aging and dispersed hyperpigmentation. With so many claims by giant cosmetic manufacturers on the several possibilities achievable by such products containing these, there remain valid questions needing answers. Such includes: what are the actual facts as opposed to unfounded expectations on use of nano-materials in cosmetics? What are the peculiar properties of Nano-sized structures? Any potential or actual health risks associated with nanoparticle-incorporated cosmetic products? What roles are the regulating authorities and academic researchers playing in the light of all these developments? This review attempts to answer these questions, taking a look at the updates on nano-sized materials used in cosmetics, while presenting actual advances made in nano-cosmetics amidst the seemingly not too obvious hidden risks.

关键词： Nanotechnology Nanoparticles Cosmetics Nano-Cosmeceuticals Safety Concerns

Characterization and Release Kinetics of Metronidazole Loaded Silver Nanoparticles Prepared from <i>Carica papaya</i>Leaf Extract

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Advances in Nanoparticles 2019年第3期8卷 47-54页

作者： Tenderwealth Clement Jackson Akeem Ayodeji Agboke edidiong Jumbo udofa Adaeze Salome Ucheokoro Blessing edidiong Udo Nonye Linda Ifekpolugo Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology University of Uyo Uyo Akwa Ibom State Nigeria Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Gregory University Uturu Abia State Nigeria

Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using eco-friendly method with the extract of Carica papaya as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Metronidazole 200 mg was loaded as a model drug to the silver nanoparticles. The percentage yield of the metronidazole nanoparticle was high (96.00%). The entrapment efficiency 85.60% while the loading capacity was 8.90%. Differential scanning calorimetry showed there was no interaction between the reducing agent and model drug. Characterization of the metronidazole malpractices using UV- vis spectroscopy, zeta sizer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed. The UV-Vis spectroscopy showed surface plasmon resonance of 435nm for the silver nanoparticle. The mean particle size was 250 nm while the polydispersity index was 0.22. The metronidazole nanoparticle showed an extended and controlled release profile. The kinetics of release was zero-order (R2 = 0.9931) for the metronidazole nanoparticle while the metronidazole normal release tablet followed Higuchi kinetics (R2 = 0.9745).

关键词： Silver Nanoparticles Eco-Friendly Synthesis Characterization Kinetics

Anticonvulsant potentials of ethanolic extract of Eleusine indica

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2016年第12期4卷 965-968页

作者： Ette Okon Ettebong edidiong Etukakpan Augustine Bassey Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Faculty of Clinical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of UyoUyoNigeria Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of PharmacyCollege of Health ScienceUniversity of UyoUyoNigeria

Objective:To assess the anticonvulsant potentials of ethanolic extract of Eleusine ***:Albino Wistar mice were separated into five groups with six animals in each group and thereafter pretreated with distilled water,various doses of the extract(200-600 mg/kg)and standard drug diazepam(0.5 mg/kg).Thirty minutes later,pentylenetetrazole(70 mg/kg),aminophylline(280 mg/kg)and isoniazid(250 mg/kg)were used to induce convulsions by intraperitoneal *** mice were then placed in plexiglas cages and monitored for the occurrence of seizures over a thirty-minute time *** latency of convulsions,duration of tonic convulsions and mortality protection were *** obtained were analyzed using GraphPad InStat ***:The results showed that the extract exhibited a dose-dependent increase in the latency of clonic convulsions and decrease in duration of tonic convulsions as compared to the control and these effects were statistically significant(P<0.001).The extract also provided protection against the mortality which was similar to that produced by the standard drug ***:The significant increase in the latency of clonic convulsions and decrease in duration of tonic convulsions caused by the extract show anticonvulsant activity and corroborate with the claims of the traditional use of the plant as an anticonvulsant remedy.

关键词： Extract Anticonvulsant Eleusine indica Convulsions

Advanced Catalytic Membrane Characterisation and Gas Permeation Properties for Enhanced Ethyl Lactate Conversion

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2017年第3期5卷 1-16页

作者： edidiong Okon Habiba Shehu Ifeyinwa Orakwe Edward Gobina Center for Process Integration and Membrane Technology School of Engineering the Robert Gordon University Aberdeen UK

In this work, membrane evaluation, gas permeation properties and characterisation have been presented. A silica composite membrane was prepared, characterized and used for the permeation tests with four carrier gases to determine the most suitable carrier gas for enhancing the analysis of esterification product with gas chromatograph. The carrier gases used for the permeation tests were carbon dioxide (CO2), argon (Ar), helium (He) and nitrogen (N2). The permeation analysis was carried out between the gauge pressure range of 0.10 - 1.00 bar and temperature of 60℃. The gas flow rate was found to increase with respect to gauge pressure. The order of the gas flow rate with respect to the gauge pressure was Ar > CO2 > He > N2. The surface morphology and elemental composition of the membrane were analysed using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive analysis of x-ray (the Zeiss EVO LS10). The SEM results exhibited a defect-free surface while the EDAX results identified different elements on the spectra including titanium (Ti), silicon (Si) and oxygen (O). Liquid nitrogen adsorption method (Quantachrome 2013 model) was used for the surface area and pore size distribution analysis. The Brunauer-Emmette-Teller (BET) surface area results of the 5th and 6th dip-coated membranes were 1.497 and 0.253 m2/g respectively, while the Barrette-Joyner-Halender (BJH) curves gave a pore size of 4.184 and 4.180 nm respectively for the 5th and 6th dip-coated membranes indicating a mesoporous structure. The BET curve exhibited a type IV isotherm. The BJH curve of the 6th dip-coated membrane showed a significant reduction in flow rate after the modification process. The membrane recorded a permeance in the range of to . The permeance relationship with the inverse square root of the gas molecular weight showed a linear proportionality with the flow of carrier gases confirming Knudsen flow mechanism of gas transport.

关键词： Permeation Characterisation Inorganic Membrane Carrier Gas Transport Es-terification and Adsorption Isotherm

Resin Characterization and Tubular Membrane Transport with Single Gases for Ethyl Lactate Separations for Industrial Purposes

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2015年第9期3卷 8-14页

作者： edidiong Okon Habiba Shehu Ngozi Nwogu Mohammed Kajama Ifeyinwa Orakwe Edward Gobina Center for Process Integration and Membrane Technology (CPIMT) School of Engineering The Robert Gordon University Aberdeen UK

The dip-coating method has been used to prepare silica membrane. The gas flow rate relationship with the gauge pressure showed a Knudsen type of mechanism of gas transport. The flux was found to decrease with respect to temperature indicating non-activation mechanism of transport through the membrane. The order of the gas kinetic diameter with respect to the gas flow rate was He > Ar > CO2 > N2 confirming a molecular sieving mechanism of gas transport. The characterisation of the resin catalysts was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM morphology of the Amberlyst 16 resin catalysts showed a defect-free surface before esterification process. Amberlyst 15 catalyst exhibited some defect on the surface indicating a lower resistance to lactic acid and decomposition at higher temperature after the esterification process at 60°C. The order of the gas viscosity with respect to the gas flux was N2 > Ar > CO2 > He.

关键词： Esterification Resin Characterisation Transport Mechanism Ethyl Lactate and Permeability

Glucose and Electrolytes Concentrations in Blood and Saliva Samples amongst Diabetics

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2019年第2期9卷 39-49页

作者： Mieebi Martin Wankasi Eni-yimini Solomon Agoro Charles German Ikimi edidiong Okon Tommy The Department of Medical Laboratory Science College of Health Science Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island Nigeria Enis Biomedicals and Forensics (EBF) LTD. Yenagoa Nigeria Department of Biochemistry Federal University Otuoke Otuoke Nigeria Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion Federal Medical Centre Yenagoa Nigeria

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in which glucose is underutilized, producing hyperglycaemia. The management requires proper maintenance of glucose and electrolytes within its optimum concentrations. The study was designed to evaluate the possibility of using saliva as an alternative non-invasive sample for the determination of electrolytes. A total of 100 samples were utilized consisting of equal number of control (non-diabetics) and diabetic groups. Fasting blood and saliva were collected employing standard methods. The biochemical parameters were analysed using WHO approved methods and procedures. Independent samples t-test and Pearson correlation were the statistical tools used for the data analysis obtained from SPSS package (version 20). The study revealed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in concentrations of blood and salivary glucose, potassium and calcium when controls were compared to diabetics. Moreover, there was a high level of semblances and patterns between plasma and salivary electrolytes, except for potassium. Therefore, electrolytes and glucose results gotten from the use of saliva could be used to equate to that of blood. Hence, instances of non-accessibility of blood, saliva could be of help.

关键词： Saliva Blood Electrolytes Glucose Non-Invasive

Hydrogen Separation Using Pt-Alumina Impregnated Membrane

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Energy and Power Engineering 2015年第9期7卷 412-417页

作者： Mohammed N. Kajama Ngozi C. Nwogu edidiong O. Okon Habiba Shehu Ify Orakwe Edward Gobina Centre for Process Integration and Membrane Technology (CPIMT) School of Engineering The Robert Gordon University Aberdeen UK

A tubular commercial mesoporous support was used to prepare a Pt impregnated membrane using the reservoir method and tested for moderate temperature (300°C) gas transport of hydrogen (H2), helium (He) and nitrogen (N2) gas molecules. H2 and N2 gas permeation of 6.1 and 4.5 l/min at 1.0 barg feed pressure and 25°C respectively was obtained from the support. On the other hand, H2 and N2 gas permeation of 4.6 and 1.7 l/min at 1.0 barg feed pressure and 25°C respectively was also obtained from the Pt membrane. Selectivity of H2 over He of 1.96 at 300°C and 1.6 barg for the Pt membrane was obtained and found to be higher than that of the theoretical Knudsen selectivity. Also, a selectivity of H2 over N2 of 2.72 at 25°C and 1.0 barg was obtained and found to be close to that of the theoretical Knudsen selectivity. The gas permeation and the selectivity performance of the membrane were evaluated.

关键词： Tubular Support Pt Membrane Hydrogen Selectivity Permeation Temperature

Synthesis of Gas Transport through Nano Composite Ceramic Membrane for Esterification and Volatile Organic Compound Separations

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Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 2014年第11期4卷 905-913页

作者： edidiong Okon Habiba Shehu Edward Gobina CPIMT (Center for Process Integration and Membrane Technology) RGU (The Robert Gordon University) Aberdeen AB10 7G JUnited Kingdom

The transport behaviour of carrier gases with inorganic catalytic ceramic membrane used for ethyl lactate production and VOC (volatile organic compound) recovery in the gauge pressure range of 0.10-1.00 bar and temperature range of 333 K was investigated. The gases include Ar (argon), N2 (nitrogen) and CO2 (carbon dioxide). The gas kinetic diameter with respect to permenace was found to occur in the order of Ar > CO2 > N2, which was not in agreement with molecular sieving mechanism of transport after the first dip-coating of the support. However, gas flow rate was found to increase with gauge pressure in the order of Ar > CO2 > N2, indicating Knudsen mechanism of transport. The porous ceramic support showed a higher flux indicating Knudsen transport. The surface image of the dip-coated porous ceramic membrane was characterised using SEM (scanning electron microscopy) to determine the surface morphology of the porous support at 333 K.

关键词：挥发性有机化合物天然气运输复合陶瓷膜多孔陶瓷膜扫描电子显微镜气体动力学分色合成

Geotechnical Properties of Flax Fiber Stabilized Soil

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Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 2018年第2期8卷 75-82页

作者： Gbenga Matthew Ayininuola edidiong Godwin Udoh Department of Civil Engineering University of IbadanIbadan 200284Nigeria

Engineers are often faced with the challenge of constructing with or on soils with poor strength that could pose challenges during the construction phase and service life of the *** better results,the geotechnical properties of the soil have to be *** study focused on the effect of flax fiber on the geotechnical properties of the *** soil samples were obtained from borrow pits within the University of Ibadan,Ibadan,*** geotechnical properties CBR(California Bearing Ratio)and UCS(Unconfined Compressive Strength)of the natural soils among others were determined in accordance with BS *** fibers of 0.3%,0.6%,0.9%,1.2%,and 1.5%by weight were added to the *** mixtures geotechnical properties were *** results showed that the addition of flax fiber led to increase in the soil CBR from 3.1%to 15%and also its UCS witnessed tremendous *** soil maximum CBR and UCS were attained at optimum flax fiber content of 1.2%.

关键词： Soil stabilization flax fiber CBR UCS.