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study of Vision Problems in schools in Libreville and Owendo, Gabon

Open Journal of Pediatrics 2014年第4期4卷 300-306页

作者： simon Ategbo Jean Koko edgar Brice Ngoungou Eliane Kuissi Christelle Moyou Tchapbou steeve Minto’o Emmanuel Mve Mengome André Moussavou Pediatrics Department Faculty of Medecine Health Sciences University Libreville Gabon Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Faculty of Medecine Health Sciences University Libreville Gabon Ophtalmology Department Omar Bongo Ondimba Army Instruction Hospital Libreville Gabon

The purpose of this work is to evaluate the epidemiological aspects of vision problems and their repercussions in the schooling of children in Libreville and Owendo. Methodology: This transversal and descriptive study was carried out in May and June 2011. Included in the study were children in the 7th and 8th grades of the primary schools in Libreville and Owendo. For each child, an eye exam, including the subjective measure of visual acuity, was carried out using the Monoyer scale, and the color vision assessment was carried out with the Ishihara test. Any visual capacity under or equal to 7/10th in at least one eye was considered to be pathological. We gathered information about demographic characteristics, any preceding vision issues on the record, data on other medical problems on the record and the eye examination on computer cards. Results: Nine hundred and sixty-three children (416 boys and 517 girls, with a gender ratio of 0.86) were examined. The average age was 12 ± 1.7 years old. The prevalence of the drop in visual acuity was 16.2%. The prevalence of color vision anomalies was 15.5%. Complaints concerning vision problems were significantly more present from children with a drop in visual acuity (p 0.01). Visual anomalies had an impact on the children’s schoolwork, and yet, visits to the ophthalmologist’s office were few. Conclusion: The frequency of anomalies in vision justifies systematic screening in schools and organization of an appropriate treatment.

关键词： Visual Acuity Children schools Color Vision

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Terrorist Networks, Network Energy and Node Removal: A New Measure of Centrality Based on Laplacian Energy

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social Networking 2013年第1期2卷 19-31页

作者： Xingqin Qi Robert D. Duval Kyle Christensen edgar Fuller Arian spahiu Qin Wu Yezhou Wu Wenliang Tang Cunquan Zhang Department of Mathematics West Virginia University Morgantown USA Department of Political science Columbus state University Columbus USA Department of Political science West Virginia University Morgantown USA school of IOT Engineering Jiangnan University Wuxi China school of Mathematics and statistics shandong University (Weihai) Weihai China Department of Mathematics West Virginia University Morgantown USA

In this work we propose a centrality measure for networks, which we refer to as Laplacian centrality, that provides a general framework for the centrality of a vertex based on the idea that the importance (or centrality) of a vertex is related to the ability of the network to respond to the deactivation or removal of that vertex from the network. In particular, the Laplacian centrality of a vertex is defined as the relative drop of Laplacian energy caused by the deactivation of this vertex. The Laplacian energy of network G with?n?vertices is defined as , where ?is the eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix of G. Other dynamics based measures such as that of Masuda and Kori and PageRank compute the importance of a node by analyzing the way paths pass through a node while our measure captures this information as well as the way these paths are “redistributed” when the node is deleted. The validity and robustness of this new measure are illustrated on two different terrorist social network data sets and 84 networks in James Moody’s Add Health in school friendship nomination data, and is compared with other standard centrality measures.

关键词： Network Centrality Laplacian Energy 9/11 Hijacking Bali Bombing Terrorism

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survey on the Knowledge, Attitudes, Primary Prevention Practices and screening of skin Cancers in Albinos in Burkina Faso

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2016年第11期7卷 812-823页

作者： smaila Ouédraogo Nayi Zongo Nina Korsaga-somé seraphine Marie suzanne Kaboré edgar Ouangré Maurice Zida A. s. Ouédraogo Aboubacar Hierrum Bambara Augustin Touzoula Bambara si simon Traoré Pascal Niamba Adama Traoré Ahmadou Dem Public Health Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso General and Digestive surgery Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Dermatology and Venerology Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Unit Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Oncology Institute Joliot Curie of Dakar Dakar Senegal

The objective is to study the knowledge that albinos have on skin cancers, and their attitudes in terms of primary prevention and the screening practices for skin cancers in Burkina Faso. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive KAP study conducted from May 18sup>thsup> to July 7sup>thsup> 2015. It involved albinos aged at least 12 years. Their general knowledge, prevention attitudes and screening practices were considered. Results: All the responding albinos had already heard about skin cancers. Their main source of information was health workers (65.6%). They were showing at least two risk factors (99.2%) but only 68.3% affirmed having already undergone screening for skin cancer. Ignorance of the existence of screening was the main obstacle to it (16/26). The prevention means used was sun avoidance, the use of cream and protection clothing respectively in 84%, 41.5% and 51.2%. The skin lesions found were hyperpigmented macules (77.8%) then actinic keratosis (40.7%) and finally cheilitis (35.8%). We detected 4 cases of skin cancers confirmed by biopsy. Conclusion: Risk factors are frequent. Participation to screening is still insignificant. A lot is still to be done to extend the protection means. A good awareness-raising campaign and the accessibility to protection means remain for all, the best defense in the fight against skin cancers in albinos.

关键词： Albinos screening Prevention skin Cancers

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Developmental and genomic architecture of plant embryogenesis: from model plant to crops

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Plant Communications 2021年第1期2卷 1-12页

作者： Alma Armenta-medina C.stewart Gillmor Peng Gao Javier Mora-Macias Leon V.Kochian Daoquan Xiang Raju Datla Global Institute for Food security University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 4J8Canada Laboratorio Nacional de Genòmica para la Biodiversidad(Langebio) Unidad de Genòmica AvanzadaCentro de Investigaciòny Estudios Avanzados del IPN(CINVESTAV-IPN)IrapuatoGuanajuatoMéxico National Research Council Canada 110 Gymnasium PlaceSaskatoonSK S7N 0W9Canada

Embryonic development represents an important reproductive phase of sexually reproducing plant *** fusion of egg and sperm produces the plant zygote,a totipotent cell that,through cell division and cell identity specification in early embryogenesis,establishes the major cell lineages and tissues of the adult *** subsequent morphogenesis phase produces the full-sized embryo,while the late embryogenesis maturation process prepares the seed for dormancy and subsequent germination,ensuring continuation of the plant life *** this review on embryogenesis,we compare the model eudicot Arabidopsis thaliana with monocot crops,focusing on genome activation,paternal and maternal regulation of early zygote development,and key organizers of patterning,such as auxin and WOX transcription *** the early stages of embryo development are apparently conserved among plant species,embryo maturation programs have diversified between eudicots and *** diversification in crop species reflects the likely effects of domestication on seed quality traits that are determined during embryo maturation,and also assures seed germination in different environmental *** review describes the most important features of embryonic development in plants,and the scope and applications of genomics in plant embryo studies.

关键词： embryogenesis embryo patterning zygote genome activation transcription factors genomics transcriptomics

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A roadmap for breeding orphan leafy vegetable species: a case study of Gynandropsis gynandra (Cleomaceae)

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Horticulture Research 2018年第1期5卷 903-917页

作者： E.O.Deedi sogbohossou Enoch G.Achigan-Dako Patrick Maundu svein solberg edgar M.s.Deguenon Rita H.Mumm Iago Hale Allen Van Deynze M.Eric schranz Biosystematics Group Wageningen UniversityPostbus 6476700APWageningenThe Netherlands Laboratory of Genetics Horticulture and Seed SciencesFaculty of Agronomic SciencesUniversity of Abomey-CalaviBP 2549Abomey-CalaviBenin Kenya Resource Center for Indigenous Knowledge(KENRIK) Centre for BiodiversityNational Museums of KenyaMuseum HillP.O.Box 40658Nairobi00100Kenya World Vegetable Center(AVRDC) P.O.Box 42ShanhuaTainan74199Taiwan NGO Hortitechs Developpement 02 BP 1111CotonouBenin Department of Crop sciences University of IllinoisUrbana-ChampaignIL61801USA Department of Agriculture Nutritionand Food SystemsUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNH03824USA Department of Plant sciences University of CaliforniaDavisCA95616USA

Despite an increasing awareness of the potential of“orphan”or unimproved crops to contribute to food security and enhanced livelihoods for farmers,coordinated research agendas to facilitate production and use of orphan crops by local communities are generally *** provide an overview of the current knowledge on leafy vegetables with a focus on Gynandropsis gynandra,a highly nutritious species used in Africa and Asia,and highlight general and species-specific guidelines for participatory,genomics-assisted breeding of orphan *** steps in genome-enabled orphan leafy vegetables improvement are identified and discussed in the context of Gynandropsis gynandra breeding,including:(1)germplasm collection and management;(2)product target definition and refinement;(3)characterization of the genetic control of key traits;(4)design of the‘process’for cultivar development;(5)integration of genomic data to optimize that‘process’;(6)multi-environmental participatory testing and end-user evaluation;and(7)crop value chain *** review discusses each step in detail,with emphasis on improving leaf yield,phytonutrient content,organoleptic quality,resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and post-harvest management.

关键词： breeding crops cultivar

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中国农村医生医疗服务质量的测量——基于标准化病人法的实验研究

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劳动经济研究 2016年第2期4卷 48-71页

作者：史耀疆薛浩王欢 sean sylvia Alexis medina scott Rozelle 陕西师范大学教育实验经济研究所中国人民大学经济学院斯坦福大学弗里曼-斯波格利国际问题研究所

过去十年中,中国政府在农村地区进行了一系列的医疗改革,这些改革极大地提高了医疗服务的可及性,但却很少关注医疗服务的质量。本文采用标准化病人法,测量和评估中国农村基层医疗服务的质量。我们招募样本地区的农民作为"标准化病人",... 详细信息

过去十年中,中国政府在农村地区进行了一系列的医疗改革,这些改革极大地提高了医疗服务的可及性,但却很少关注医疗服务的质量。本文采用标准化病人法,测量和评估中国农村基层医疗服务的质量。我们招募样本地区的农民作为"标准化病人",培训他们稳定地展示小儿痢疾和心绞痛这两种常见疾病的症状。基于标准化病人在村卫生室的就诊案例,我们发现作为基层医疗服务第一线的村医可能无法给患者提供高质量的医疗服务。村医在诊断过程中仅完成了18%的建议问诊条目,诊断正确率仅为26%;在所有开具处方的病例中,有64%的药物是不必要的,甚至是有害的。进一步分析表明,医疗服务质量与医生的受教育水平和是否获得医疗资格证书密切相关。此外,我们发现农民患者并不能很好地识别出哪些医生是相对好的医生,这样的医患信息不对称的情况可能使村医更加缺乏提高医疗服务质量的激励。研究结果建议政府在投资硬件改善基层医疗服务设施的同时,应更加注重提高农村医生的诊断和治疗水平。

关键词：农村医疗医疗服务质量标准化病人法

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Identification of quantitative trait loci and candidate genes for primary metabolite content in strawberry fruit

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Horticulture Research 2019年第1期6卷 1638-1654页

作者： JoséG.Vallarino Delphine M.Pott Eduardo Cruz-Rus Luis Miranda Juan J.medina-Minguez Victoriano Valpuesta Alisdair R.Fernie JoséF.sánchez-sevilla sonia Osorio Iraida Amaya Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea“La Mayora”University of Málaga–Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(IHSM-UMA-CSIC)Campus de Teatinos29071 MálagaSpain Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie Am Mühlenberg 114476 Potsdam-GolmGermany Genómica y Biotecnología Centro de MálagaInstituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera(IFAPA)29140 MálagaSpain Ingeniería y Tecnología Agroalimentaria Centro Las Torres-TomejilInstituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera(IFAPA)Alcaládel RíoSevillaSpain Ingeniería y Tecnología Agroalimentaria Centro de HuelvaInstituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera(IFAPA)HuelvaSpain

Improvement of nutritional and organoleptic quality of fruits is a key goal in current strawberry breeding *** ratio of sugars to acids is a determinant factor contributing to fruit liking,although different sugars and acids contribute in varying degrees to this complex trait.A segregating F1 population of 95 individuals,previously characterized for several fruit quality characters,was used to map during 2 years quantitative trait loci(QTL)for 50 primary metabolites,L-ascorbic acid(L-AA)and other related traits such as soluble solid content(ssC),titratable acidity(TA),and pH.A total of 133 mQTL were detected above the established thresholds for 44 *** 12.9%of QTL were detected in the 2 years,suggesting a large environmental influence on primary metabolite *** objective of this study was the identification of key metabolites that were associated to the overall variation in ssC and *** it was observed in previous studies,a number of QTL controlling several metabolites and traits were co-located in homoeology group V(HG V).mQTL controlling a large variance in raffinose,sucrose,succinic acid,and L-AA were detected in approximate the same chromosomal regions of different homoeologous linkage groups belonging to HG *** genes for selected mQTL are proposed based on their co-localization,on the predicted function,and their differential gene expression among contrasting F1 progeny ***-seq analysis from progeny lines contrasting in L-AA content detected 826 differentially expressed genes and identified Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase,FaM6PI1,as a candidate gene contributing to natural variation in ascorbic acid in strawberry fruit.

关键词： straw breeding trait

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Memory AND effector cells in children with bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts

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Open Journal of Immunology 2012年第4期2卷 202-209页

作者： Monika Palacios-Martínez María Cristina González-Torres Leonor Rodríguez-Cruz Rubén D. Martínez-Pérez Consuelo del Carmen Cortés-Bejar Fernando Valencia-Chavarria Daniel Martínez-Gómez Oralia Nájera-medina Departamento de Atención a la salud Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco Departamento de Ciencias de la salud Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal Facultad de Medicina-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Hospital Materno-Pediátrico Xochimilco del Gobierno del DF

Infections in infants and children under five years of age are a public health in México and are one of the major causes of death. Methods In this study, lymphocyte immunophenotyping for CD3+ (T-cells), CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD3+CD19+, CD3+CD16/56+, CD45RA+, CD45RO+, CD62L- and CD28- were determined in the whole blood of gastrointestinal and respiratory bacterial infected children, using a four-color flow cytometry technique. Results: Our data showed that the percentages and the absolute numbers of monocytes and granulocytes are increased in infected children, when compared to the control group. similarly, we observed increases in the percentages of B lymphocytes, CD8+ cells, memory T cells (CD4+CD45RO+ and CD8+CD45RO+) and effector lymphocytes (CD4+CD62L? and CD8+CD28?) in infected children compared with the control group. In contrast, naive T cells were decreased in the bacterial infected children relative to the control group. Additionally, we used ELIsA assays to identify the pathogen agent in gastrointestinal and respiratory infection. Comparing different types of infection, we found that the children with respiratory bacterial infections had higher percentages of B lymphocytes, and cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8+CD28-);and the children with gastrointestinal infections had higher percentages of CD3+ lymphocytes and effector cells (CD4+CD62L-). Conclusions The increase in B lymphocytes and CD8+CD28- cells in the children with respiratory infections and the increase of T lymphocytes and CD4+CD62L- cells in the children with gastrointestinal bacterial infections indicate that both cellular and humoral responses coincide, and both responses are necessary for eliminating the pathogen.

关键词： Memory Cells Effector Cells Bacterial Infection Immune Response

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Carrageenan-Induced Non-Painful Inflammation Reduces Voluntary sucrose Consumption in a Two-Bottle Choice Paradigm: A New Model of Inflammation Induced Anhedonia

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain science 2020年第3期10卷 153-164页

作者： Marco A. sotomayor-sobrino Abraham Ochoa-Aguilar Ulises R. Coffeen-medina Roberto Velasco-González Gilberto Pérez-sánchez Gloria M. Capula-León Israel Luna-Mendoza Lenin Pavón-Romero Claudia Gómez-Acevedo Pharmacology Department Faculty of Medicine National University of Mexico Mexico City Mexico Neuroscience Division National Institute og Psychiatry “Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz” Mexico City Mexico

Anhedonia, the presence of diminished pleasure or decreased motivation for rewards is considered one of the core symptoms of depression. studies have shown that anhedonia and reduced reward learning predict a poor prognosis with a higher prevalence of treatment failure among patients. several mechanisms have been implicated in the onset and progression of depression;furthermore, an important amount of evidence supports not only the importance of the reward circuitry in the development of depressive anhedonia but also, that it is closely related with the presence of inflammation. In the current paper we show that 500 ul carrageenan administration in the right hind paw after deafferentation surgery leads to anhedonia, which is evident by a decrease in saccharine consumption in a two-bottle choice test;these findings suggest that carrageenan mediated inflammation is a reliable model of anhedonia that could lead to a better understanding of the immune-neural axis in motivation.

关键词： Anhedonia Inflammation Animal Model Motivation

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Current trends of liver cirrhosis in Mexico: similitudes and differences with other world regions

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2018年第15期6卷 922-930页

作者： Nahum Méndez-sánchez Felipe Zamarripa-Dorsey Arturo Panduro Emma Purón-González edgar Ulises Coronado-Alejandro Carlos Alejandro Cortez-Hernández Fátima Higuera de la Tijera José Luis Pérez-Hernández Eira Cerda-Reyes Heriberto Rodríguez-Hernández Vania César Cruz-Ramón Oscar Lenin Ramírez-Pérez Nancy Edith Aguilar-Olivos Olga Fabiola Rodríguez-Martínez samantha Cabrera-Palma Guillermo Cabrera-álvarez Liver Research Unit Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation Department of Gastroenterology Hospital "Juárez" of México Department of Molecular Biology in Me-dicine Civil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde" Department of Internal Medicine "Christus Muguerza "Super Specialty" Hospital" Monterrey Department of Gas-troenterology "University Hospital "Jose Eleuterio González" Monterrey Department of Gastroenterology "General Hospital of Mexico "Dr.Eduardo Liceaga" Department of Gastroenterology "Central Military Hospital" Faculty of Medicine and Nutrition Juárez University of the State of Durango Liver Clinic Regional General Hospital IMSS 1

AIM To investigate the main current etiologies of cirrhosis in *** We performed a cross-sectional retrospective multicenter study that included eight hospitals in different areas of Mexico. These hospitals provide health care to people of diverse social classes. The inclusion criteria were a histological, clinical, biochemical, endoscopic, or imaging diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. Data were obtained during a 5-year period(January 2012-December 2017). REsULTs A total of 1210 patients were included. The mean age was 62.5 years(sD = 12.1), and the percentages of men and women were similar(52.0% vs 48.0%). The most frequent causes of liver cirrhosis were hepatitis C virus(HCV)(36.2%), alcoholic liver disease(ALD)(31.2%), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(23.2%), and the least frequent were hepatitis B virus(1.1%), autoimmune disorders(7.3%), and other conditions(1.0%).CONCLUsION HCV and ALD are the most frequent causes of cirrhosis in Mexico. However, we note that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) as an etiology of cirrhosis increased by 100% compared with the rate noted previously. We conclude that NAFLD will soon become one of the most frequent etiologies of liver cirrhosis in Mexico.

关键词： Alcoholic liver disease Hepatitis C virus Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Liver cirrhosis

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