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Small size does not restrain frugivory and seed dispersal across the evolutionary radiation of Galapagos lava lizards

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Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 353-361页

作者： Sandra HERVIAS-PAREJO Ruben HELENO Beatriz RUMEU Beatriz GUZMAN Pablo VARGAS Jens M. OLESEN Anna TRAVESET Carlos VERA edgar benavides Manuel NOGALES Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avanqats (CSIC-UIB) Global Change Research Group Mallorca Balearic Islands Spain Centre for Functional Ecology Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra Portugal Real Jardin Botanico (CSIC-RJB) Madrid Spain Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Denmark Galapagos National Park Puerto Ayora Santa Cruz Galapagos Ecuador Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale University USA lnstituto de Productos Naturales Agrobiologia (CSIC-IPNA) Island Ecology and Evolution Research Group Canary Islands Spain

Frugivory in lizards is often assumed to be constrained by body size;only large individuals are considered capable of consuming fruits, with the potential of acting as seed dispersers. However, only one previous study has tested the correlation of frugivory with body and head size at an archipelago scale across closely related species. All nine lava lizards (Microlophus spp.) were studied on the eleven largest Galapagos islands from 2010 to 2016 to investigate whether frugivory is related to body and head size. We also tested whether fruit abunda nee in flue nces fruit con sumption and explored the effect of seed ingestion on seedling emergence time and percentage. Our results showed that across islands, lava lizards varied considerably in size (64-102 mm in mean snoutvent length) and level of frugivory (1-23%, i.e., percentage of droppings with seeds). However, level of frugivory was only weakly affected by size as fruit consumption was also common among small lizards. Lava lizards consumed fruits throughout the year and factors other than fruit abundance may be more importa nt drivers of fruit selecti on (e.g., fruit size, energy con tent of pulp). From 2,530 droppings, 1,714 seeds of at least 61 plant species were identified, 76% of the species being native to the Galapagos. Most seeds (91%) showed no external structural damage. Seedling emergence time (44 versus 118 days) and percentage (20% versus 12%) were enhanced for lizardingested seeds compared to control (uningested) fruits. De-pulping by lizards (i.e., removal of pulp with potential germi nation inhibitors) might in crease the chances that at least some seeds find suitable recruitment conditi ons. We con eluded that lizards are importa nt seed dispersers throughout the year and across the whole archipelago, regardless of body size.

关键词： Microlophus oceanic islands plant-animal interactions seed disperser size seed dispersal effectiveness seedling emergence

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Controllable multi-domain semantic artwork synthesis

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Computational Visual Media 2024年第2期10卷 355-373页

作者： Yuantian Huang Satoshi Iizuka edgar Simo-Serra Kazuhiro Fukui Department of Computer Science University of TsukubaTsukuba 305-8577Japan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Waseda UniversityTokyo 169-8050Japan

We present a novel framework for the multidomain synthesis of artworks from semantic *** of the main limitations of this challenging task is the lack of publicly available segmentation datasets for art *** address this problem,we propose a dataset called ArtSem that contains 40,000 images of artwork from four different domains,with their corresponding semantic label *** first extracted semantic maps from landscape photography and used a conditional generative adversarial network(GAN)-based approach for generating high-quality artwork from semantic maps without requiring paired training ***,we propose an artwork-synthesis model using domain-dependent variational encoders for high-quality multi-domain ***,the model was improved and complemented with a simple but effective normalization method based on jointly normalizing semantics and style,which we call spatially style-adaptive normalization(SSTAN).Compared to the previous methods,which only take semantic layout as the input,our model jointly learns style and semantic information representation,improving the generation quality of artistic *** results indicate that our model learned to separate the domains in the latent ***,we can perform fine-grained control of the synthesized artwork by identifying hyperplanes that separate the different ***,by combining the proposed dataset and approach,we generated user-controllable artworks of higher quality than that of existing approaches,as corroborated by quantitative metrics and a user study.

关键词： semantic artwork synthesis generative adversarial network(GAN) datasets non-photorealistic rendering

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Assessment of compressive strength of jet grouting by machine learning

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第1期16卷 102-111页

作者： Esteban Diaz edgar Leonardo Salamanca-Medina Roberto Tomas Departamento de Ingeniería Civil Escuela Politécnica SuperiorUniversidad de AlicanteP.O.Box 99E-03080AlicanteSpain

Jet grouting is one of the most popular soil improvement techniques,but its design usually involves great uncertainties that can lead to economic cost overruns in construction *** high dispersion in the properties of the improved material leads to designers assuming a conservative,arbitrary and unjustified strength,which is even sometimes subjected to the results of the test *** present paper presents an approach for prediction of the uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)of jet grouting columns based on the analysis of several machine learning algorithms on a database of 854 results mainly collected from different research *** selected machine learning model(extremely randomized trees)relates the soil type and various parameters of the technique to the value of the compressive *** the complex mechanism that surrounds the jet grouting process,evidenced by the high dispersion and low correlation of the variables studied,the trained model allows to optimally predict the values of compressive strength with a significant improvement with respect to the existing ***,this work proposes for the first time a reliable and easily applicable approach for estimation of the compressive strength of jet grouting columns.

关键词： Jet grouting Ground improvement Compressive strength Machine learning

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Unveiling the time-temperature dependence of metastability of supercooled liquid using nano-calorimetry

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第3期67卷 119-127页

作者： Yijun Ding Lijian Song Zheng Wang Ruiqi Yu Junqiang Wang Lina Hu Yuanzheng Yue edgar D.Zanotto Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials(Ministry of Education) Shandong University Jinan 250061China Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201China Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology Shandong University Jinan 250061 China Department of Chemistry and Bioscience Aalborg UniversityAalborg 9220Denmark Department of Materials Engineering Federal University of Sao CarlosSao Carlos SP 13.565-905Brazil

There is a lack of understanding of both the conversion of an unstable glass into a metastable supercooled liquid(MSL) upon heating and the metastability of MSLs. In this study, we investigated the time-and temperature-dependent metastability of an MSL using an advanced nano-calorimetric technique. The chosen Au-based metallic glass(Au MG) allowed adequate probing of its MSL in a temperature range between 10 and 70 K above the standard glass transition temperature. We found that the survival time of the MSL state is a quadratic function of temperature. Beyond this duration threshold, the sample undergoes fast crystallization even if it is below the crystallization temperature that is measured using differential scanning *** transmission electron microscopy, we observed the formation of clusters with a partially ordered lattice structure during relaxation in the Au MG sample fabricated using a nano-calorimeter. The atomic ordering within the clusters was enhanced by increasing time and temperature in the MSL region. Once the as-produced glass entered the MSL stage upon heating followed by a quenching stage at a given rate, the mechanical properties of the quenched glass remained the same regardless of its holding temperature and duration within the MSL region. This work provides insights into the glass-MSL-crystal transformation and offers guidance for designing standard metallic glasses for property characterizations.

关键词： metallic glass supercooled liquid relaxation nucleation nano calorimetric technology

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Long-term effects of gestational diabetes mellitus on the pancreas of female mouse offspring

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第4期15卷 758-768页

作者： Enriqueta Muñoz-Islas edgar David Santiago-SanMartin Eduardo Mendoza-Sánchez Héctor Fabián Torres-Rodríguez Laura Yanneth Ramírez-Quintanilla Christopher Michael Peters Juan Miguel Jiménez-Andrade Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa-Aztlán Universidad Autónoma de TamaulipasReynosa 88740TamaulipasMexico Department of Anesthesiology Wake Forest University School of MedicineWinston SalemNC 27101United States

BACKGROUND Prolonged fetal exposure to hyperglycemia may increase the risk of developing abnormal glucose metabolism and type-2 diabetes during childhood,adolescence,and adulthood;however,the mechanisms by which gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)predisposes offspring to metabolic disorders remain *** To quantify the nerve axons,macrophages,and vasculature in the pancreas from adult offspring born from mouse dams with *** GDM was induced by *** of streptozotocin(STZ)in ICR mouse *** 12 wk old,fasting blood glucose levels were determined in *** 15 wk old,female offspring born from dams with and without GDM were sacrificed and pancreata were processed for *** quantified the density of sensory[calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)]and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)axons,blood vessels(endomucin),and macro-phages(CD68)in the splenic pancreas using confocal *** Offspring mice born from STZ-treated dams had similar body weight and blood glucose values compared to offspring born from vehicle-treated ***,the density of CGRP+and TH+axons,endomucin+blood vessels,and CD68+macrophages in the exocrine pancreas was significantly greater in offspring from mothers with GDM vs control ***,the microvasculature in the islets was significantly greater,but not the number of macrophages within the islets of offspring born from dams with GDM compared to control *** GDM induces neuronal,vascular,and inflammatory changes in the pancreas of adult progeny,which may partially explain the higher propensity for offspring of mothers with GDM to develop metabolic diseases.

关键词： Gestational diabetes mellitus Immunohistochemistry Confocal microscopy Pancreas Offspring

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论艺术问题的分类系统

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新美术 2024年第2期45卷 4-43页

作者： [英]埃德加·温德陈平(译) 不详上海大学

译者按语:温德的这篇长文与潘诺夫斯基的《论艺术史与艺术理论的关系》一道,于1925年发表在同一卷《美学与普通艺术科学杂志》上。此文可视为对于潘氏开篇提到的“艺术问题”概念的进一步展开,系统论述了艺术问题的本质、推导方法以及... 详细信息

译者按语:温德的这篇长文与潘诺夫斯基的《论艺术史与艺术理论的关系》一道,于1925年发表在同一卷《美学与普通艺术科学杂志》上。此文可视为对于潘氏开篇提到的“艺术问题”概念的进一步展开,系统论述了艺术问题的本质、推导方法以及在艺术史实践中的运用。温德将背反论作为寻求艺术问题的核心方法,并将“体–形”这对概念设置为“艺术问题”的先天范畴,在此基础上推导出了一个用以分析艺术现象的概念分类系统。

关键词：长文温德潘诺夫斯基问题的核心艺术史推导方法

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Physico-Mechanical Characteristics of Earth Bricks Stabilized with Cement and Padouk Sawdust Residues

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第7期14卷 1788-1806页

作者： Gabin Alex Nouemssi Bennis Amine Martin Ndibi Mbozo’O Bonaventure Djeumako Doko K. Valery Guy edgar Ntamack LA2MP: Laboratory of Mechanics Materials and Photonics National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences ENSAI Ngaoundr Cameroun Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences ENSAI Ngaoundr Cameroun LMTM: Laboratory of Mechanics Materials and Thermal National School of Mineral Industry ENIM Rabat Morocco LEMA: Laboratory of Energertic and Applied Mechanics University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin GMMA: Group of Mechanics Materials and Acoustics Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences-EGCIM Ngaoundr Cameroun

The objective of this work is to improve the physical and mechanical properties of stabilized earth blocks (BTC) used in construction in the Ndé department of Cameroon. To achieve this, two stabilizers, cement and sawdust, were used at varying percentages of 0%, 4%, 6%, and 8%. Physical characterization tests, including natural water content, specific weight, jar test, Protor, and Atterberg limits, were conducted. Additionally, mechanical tests, such as compression and three-point bending, were performed. The results show that as the amount of stabilizer increases, the density of BTC decreases. The samples with 8% sawdust have the highest density, while those without stabilizers have the lowest. Porosity decreases as sawdust and cement content increases, with smaller values observed in samples with 8% sawdust or cement. Our tests indicate that blocks stabilized with cement have slightly higher compressive strength than those stabilized with sawdust. However, the water absorption rate increases with higher sawdust content.

关键词： Earth block Cement Sawdust Physico-mechanical Characteristics Bangante West Cameroon

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Storylines of family medicine Ⅹ:standing up for diversity,equity and inclusion

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S3期12卷 89-98页

作者： William B Ventres Leslie A Stone Wayne W Bryant Jr Mario F Pacheco edgar Figueroa Francis N Chu Shailendra Prasad David N Blane Na'amah Razon Ranit Mishori Robert L Ferrer Garrett S Kneese Family and Preventive Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA Family and Community Medicine University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA Medicine Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNew YorkUSA San Jose Family Medicine Residency Kaiser PermanenteSan JoseCaliforniaUSA Family Medicine and Community Health University of Minnesota Medical School—Twin Cities CampusMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA School of Health and Wellbeing University of GlasgowGlasgowUK Family and Community Medicine University of CaliforniaDavisSacramentoCaliforniaUSA Family Medicine Georgetown University School of MedicineWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA Family and Community Medicine UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineSan AntonioTexasUSA UC San Diego Family Medicine Residency Program San DiegoCaliforniaUSA

Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅹ:standing up for diversity,equity and inclusion’,authors address the following themes:‘The power of diversity—why inclusivity is essential to equity in healthcare’,‘Medical education for whom?’,‘Growing a diverse and inclusive workforce’,‘Therapeutic judo—an inclusive approach to patient care’,‘Global family medicine—seeing the world“upside down”’,‘The inverse care law‘,‘Social determinants of health as a lens for care’,‘Why family physicians should care about human rights’and‘Toward health equity—the opportunome’.May the essays that follow inspire readers to promote change.

关键词： illustration education family

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Evaluation of the Reliability of a System: Approach by Monte Carlo Simulation and Application

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 721-739页

作者： Aslain Brisco Ngnassi Djami Jean Bosco Samon Boukar Ousman Ulrich Ngnassi Nguelcheu Wolfgang Nzié Guy edgar Ntamack Bienvenu Kenmeugne Department of Fundamental Sciences and Techniques of Engineer Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries School University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Mechanical Engineering National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Electrical Engineering Energy and Automation National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering National Advanced School of Engineering University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the reliability of a system in its different states (absence of failures, partial failure and total failure) and to propose actions to improve this reliability by an approach based on Monte Carlo simulation. It consists of a probabilistic evaluation based on Markov Chains. In order to achieve this goal, the functionalities of Markov Chains and Monte Carlo simulation steps are deployed. The application is made on a production system. .

关键词： Evaluation Reliability Monte Carlo Markov Chain

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在EMI环境下构建有效沟通:跨文化语境下组织元话语的多元化策略

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Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics 2024年第2期47卷 259-280,365页

作者：埃德加·贝尔纳德-梅乔海梅一世大学西班牙

过去十年中,高等教育经历了迅速的国际化进程,许多大学引入了英语作为教学媒介(EMI)。这一新语境为内容讲师带来了新的挑战,因为他们需要适应用英语对跨文化听众进行教学的新方式。本文依据?del(2010)的元话语分类,探索EMI讲座中使用组... 详细信息

过去十年中,高等教育经历了迅速的国际化进程,许多大学引入了英语作为教学媒介(EMI)。这一新语境为内容讲师带来了新的挑战,因为他们需要适应用英语对跨文化听众进行教学的新方式。本文依据?del(2010)的元话语分类,探索EMI讲座中使用组织元话语以促进成功的交流互动和参与。本文认为所有交流都是多模态的,即意义是通过多种符号资源的组合传达的,因此在超越传统的语言学研究,分析讲座中组织元话语的多模态使用。为进行此分析,本文选取了在西班牙海梅一世大学(Universitat JaumeⅠ)授课的三段90分钟的视频录制的EMI讲座,进行了转录和手动检查,以记录所有组织元话语的实例。接下来,选择了六个结构段落,即讲座中正在组织内容的部分。使用Multimodal Analysis—Video软件,检查了语言(组织元话语)与副语言、手势、凝视、近体语言、头部移动和面部表情之间的互动。最后,将研究结果呈现给录音中的讲师,以获得其自省视角。结果显示了与组织元话语同时发生的复杂多模态集合的积极利用。这些集合揭示了一个潜在目标,即通过适应非母语跨文化听众的语言并吸引听众,以实现成功的交流。最后,对这些结果进行了解释,并提出了针对教师培训的教学意义。

关键词：组织元话语多模态性讲座英语授课跨文化交流

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