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Infectious causation of chronic disease:Examining the relationship between Giardia lamblia infection and irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第34期13卷 4574-4578页

作者： Alice S Penrose eden v wells Allison E Aiello Preventive Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2029 United States Michigan Department of Community Health Lansing MI United States Department of Epidemiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2029 United States

AIM: To evaluate whether a higher prevalence of Giardia lamblia infection is associated with an increase in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) prescriptions at the county level in Michigan. METHODS: The Michigan Disease Surveillance System (MDSS) was used to ascertain both the numbers of Giardia lamblia infections as well as the total number of foodborne illnesses per population by county in Michigan during 2005. This was compared with Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS) of Michigan numbers of drug prescriptions for IBS per one thousand members per county in 2005. These data were also analyzed for associations with per capita income by county and the number of refugees entering each county in 2005. RESULTS: There were a total of 786 confirmed cases of Giardia lamblia reported to MDSS in 2005. During the same time period, the number of prescriptions for IBS varied from 0.5 per 1000 members up to 6.0 per 1000 members per month. There was no trend towards higher numbers of IBS prescriptions in the counties with more Giardia lamblia infections. Per capita income was not associated with either IBS prescriptions or Giardiasis. There was a significant linear association between the number of refugees entering each county, and the number of Giardia lamblia cases per 100 000 population. CONCLUSION: In this ecological study, there was no association found between BCBS prescriptions for IBS and Giardia lamblia infections in Michigan counties. Our findings may have been influenced by the disparate number of refugees admitted per county.

关键词：慢性疾病胃肠疾病肠易激综合征症状

Primary and Secondary Microplastic and Nanoplastic Regulations: Perspectives on Water Industry Impacts

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第6期15卷 697-715页

作者： Shirin Estahbanati Giridhar Upadhyaya Martha J. M. wells Katherine Y. Bell Brown and Caldwell New York NY USA Brown and Caldwell Irvine CA USA EnviroChem Services Cookeville TN USA Brown and Caldwell Nashville TN USA

Plastic pollution, both primary and secondary, is an environmental challenge, prompting regulatory actions at global and regional levels. With increasing research about the impacts of micro- and nanoplastics on ecosystems and human health, governments worldwide have undertaken efforts to address this issue. The global community has advanced regulatory efforts that have led to the implementation of national laws or regulations in numerous countries. These measures ban or restrict the use of primary and secondary microplastics and nanoplastics. An overview of global and European regulatory frameworks is presented to provide context for the United States (US). In the endeavor to document plastics regulation development in the US, a description of regulatory agencies and their roles in advancing policy and rules as well as future direction and areas for improvement in regulating plastics are introduced. A discussion of what emerging regulations mean to utilities and industries is also provided along with a comparison of regulatory frameworks.

关键词： Microplastic Regulation Environmental Governance Plastic Pollution Mitigation Regulatory Framework

Utility of fluid inclusion paleo-temperature in petroleum system modelling:A case study from western offshore,India

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第2期5卷 101-119页

作者： v.Nandakumar S.Shivapriya Silpa Thankan National Facility for Geofluids Research and Raman Analysis National Centre for Earth Science StudiesMinistry of Earth SciencesGovernment of IndiaThiruvananthapuram695011KeralaIndia Department of Geology Kerala UniversityThiruvananthapuram695581KeralaIndia

The paleo-temperature(Th)data from fluid inclusions are utilized for thermal history modelling using PetroMod ***,bottom hole temperature(BHT)and vitrinite reflectance(Ro)measurements are widely used in petroleum system modelling(PSM)in the oil industry for calibration *** representing the minimum temperature of fluid entrapment estimated from fluid-inclusion study provides extra support to build the thermal models for *** inclusion parameters along with Rock-Eval pyrolysis analysis have been used to predict the maturity of oil in terms of API gravity as well as the maturity of source rocks *** exploratory wells Rv-1(Mumbai Offshore Basin)and KK4C-A-1(Kerala-Konkan Offshore Basin),India were examined and the T_(h)from most of the fluid inclusions of wells Rv-1 and KK4C-A-1 fell in the oil window range of 60e140℃suggesting thermal conditions favourable for oil generation in both of the wells.T_(h)of coeval aqueous inclusions along with the Hydrocarbon Fluid inclusions(HCFIs)was used to calibrate *** parameters show that source rocks of well Rv-1 are mature and that of well KK4C-A-1 are *** sets of PSM are created in terms of generation and expulsion for the dry wells Rv-1 and KK4C-A-1 and calibrated each well using fluid inclusion Th and *** the fluid inclusion analysis method,it is evident that hydrocarbon generation happened in both wells and the paleo-temperature indicates that the formations of both wells were subjected to temperatures in the oil window range,even though it was designated as dry wells in the present *** present study highlights the application of fluid inclusion paleo-temperature(Th)during calibration instead of commonly used *** could obtain desirable and accurate data output from PSM using T_(h) calibration.

关键词： Paleo-temperature(T_(h)) Hydrocarbon fluid inclusion Petroleum system modelling Petroleum generation and expulsion Western offshore basin

Considerations for the use of porcine organ donation models in preclinical organ donor intervention research

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2024年第3期7卷 283-296页

作者： Frazer I.Heinis Shaheed Merani Nicholas W.Markin Kim F.Duncan Michael J.Moulton Lance Fristoe William E.Thorell Raechel A.Sherrick Tami R.wells Matthew T.Andrews Marian Urban School of Natural Resources Institute of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesUniversity of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNebraskaUSA Division of Transplantation and vascular Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA Department of Anesthesiology University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA Clinical Perfusion Nebraska Medicine-Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA Department of Neurosurgery University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA Nutrition and Health Sciences College of Education and Human SciencesUniversity of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNebraskaUSA Department of Comparative Medicine University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA

Use of animal models in preclinical transplant research is essential to the optimization of human allografts for clinical *** models of organ donation and preservation help to advance and improve technical elements of solid organ recovery and facilitate research of ischemia-reperfusion injury,organ preservation strategies,and future donor-based *** considerations include cost,public opinion regarding the conduct of animal research,translational value,and relevance of the animal model for clinical *** present an overview of two porcine models of organ donation:donation following brain death(DBD)and donation following circulatory death(DCD).The cardiovascular anatomy and physiology of pigs closely resembles those of humans,making this species the most appropriate for pre-clinical *** are also considered a potential source of organs for human heart and kidney *** is imperative to minimize animal loss during procedures that are surgically *** present our experience with these models and describe in detail the use cases,procedural approach,challenges,alternatives,and limitations of each model.

关键词： animal model brain death circulatory death organ transplantation

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现在是投资比特币的好时机吗?

商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第4期 27-28页

作者： Charlie wells 孟洁冰(译) 不详

●最近的加密货币反弹行情让理财顾问对比特币有了新的看法无论你是喜欢、讨厌还是长期持有它,不可否认的是,比特币又回来了。在经历了一系列丑闻、破产和价格下跌近77%的“加密货币寒冬”之后,3月11日,比特币首次突破72000美元大关,这... 详细信息

●最近的加密货币反弹行情让理财顾问对比特币有了新的看法无论你是喜欢、讨厌还是长期持有它,不可否认的是,比特币又回来了。在经历了一系列丑闻、破产和价格下跌近77%的“加密货币寒冬”之后,3月11日,比特币首次突破72000美元大关,这一升提振了其他加密货币的行情,以太币甚至狗狗币的价值也随之上涨。

关键词：比特币价格下跌理财顾问加密货币狗狗币行情

Hydrocarbon indication in Rio Bonito Formation sandstone:Implication for CO_(2)storage in São Paulo,Brazil

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Energy Geoscience 2024年第1期5卷 331-341页

作者： Richardson M.Abraham-A Haline v.Rocha Saulo B.de Oliveira Colombo C.G.Tassinarri Orlando C.da Silva Institute of Energy and Environment University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Innovation University of São PauloSão PauloBrazil

São Paulo State has witnessed CO_(2)storage-based investigations considering the availability of suitable geologic structures and proximity to primary CO_(2)source sinks related to bioenergy and carbon capture and storage(BECCS)*** current study presents the hydrocarbon viability evaluations and CO_(2)storage prospects,focusing on the sandstone units of the Rio Bonito *** objective is to apply petrophysical evaluations with geochemical inputs in predicting future hydrocarbon(gas)production to boost CO_(2)storage within the study *** study used data from eleven wells with associated wireline logs(gamma ray,resistivity,density,neutron,and sonic)to predict potential hydrocarbon accumulation and fluid mobility in the investigated *** samples(shale and carbonate)obtained from depths>200 m within the study location have shown bitumen *** geochemistry data of the Rio Bonito Formation shale beds suggest they are potential hydrocarbon source rocks and could have contributed to the gas accumulations within the sandstone *** drilled well data,e.g.,CB-1-SP and TI-1-SP,show hydrocarbon(gas)presence based on the typical resistivity and the combined neutron-density responses at depths up to 3400 m,indicating the possibility of other hydrocarbon members apart from the heavy oil(bitumen)observed from the near-surface rocks *** the three-dimensional(3-D)model,the free fluid indicator(FFI)is more significant towards the southwest and southeast of the area with deeper depths of occurrence,indicating portions with reasonable hydrocarbon recovery rates and good prospects for CO_(2)injection,circulation and permanent ***,future studies based on contemporary datasets are required to establish the hydrocarbon viability further,foster gas production events,and enhance CO_(2)storage possibilities within the region.

关键词： ParanáBasin Hydrocarbon indication Sandstone reservoirs Rio Bonito Formation CO_(2)storage Hydrocarbon recovery factor Fluid injection rate

Constructing a coplanar heterojunction through enhancedπ-πconjugation in g-C_(3)N_(4)for efficient solar-driven water splitting

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2022年第5期33卷 2579-2584页

作者： Zihao Chen Ben Chong Nathan wells Guidong Yang Lianzhou Wang XJTU-Oxford International Joint Laboratory for Catalysis School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology the University of QueenslandQLD 4072Australia

Adjusting the electronic structure of graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))photocatalyst throughπ-πconju-gation is an effective method to achieve efficient photogenerated carrier *** key challenge ofπ-πconjugation control is to tune the degree of such conjugation without destroying the g-C_(3)N_(4)*** we report a conceptual design that achieves a coplanar heterojunction by enhancing theπ-πconjugation via the doping of crystalline g-C_(3)N_(4)using a conjugated double bond ring molecule,1,3,5-benzenetriol,during calcination *** selection of the dopant enables the facile creation of a unique coplanar heterojunction which not only retains the pristine network structure of g-C_(3)N_(4),but remarkably promotes separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers through the enhancedπ-conjugated endogenous electric *** a result,the new g-C_(3)N_(4)photocatalyst efficiently photocatalyti-cally produces hydrogen from water under visible light irradiation with a high H 2 production rate up to 94.94μmol/h,and a notable external quantum efficiency of 16.4%at 420 nm.

关键词： g-C_(3)N_(4) Charge separation Coplanar heterojunction Enhancedπ-πconjugation Photocatalysis

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Assembling a Photoactive 2D Puzzle: From Bulk Powder to LargeArea Films of Semiconducting Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets

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Accounts of Materials Research 2023年第4期4卷 348-358页

作者： Rebekah A.wells Kevin Sivula Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials Institute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringÉcole Polytechnique FÉdÉrale de Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland

Two-dimensional(2D)semiconducting materials are poised to revolutionize ultrathin,high-performance optoelectronic *** particular,transition-metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)are well-suited for applications requiring robust and stable materials such as electrocatalytic,photocatalytic,and photo-electrochemical *** of the most compelling assets of these materials is the ability to produce and process 2D TMDs in the nanosheet form using solution-based(SB)exfoliation *** to other methods,SB techniques are typically inexpensive,efficient,and more suitable for scale-up and industrial *** acknowledgment of the importance of this area,much work has been done to develop various SB methods starting from the exfoliation of bulk crystalline TMD materials to the chemical modification of final devices consisting of thin films of semiconducting 2D TMD ***,not all SB methods are equally compatible or interchangeable,and they result in very diverse material and device ***,the aim of this Account is to provide an overview of the developed SB techniques that can serve as a guide for assembling high-performance thin films of 2D *** start by introducing the most popular methods for producing 2D TMDs using liquid-phase exfoliation(LPE),discussing their working mechanisms as well as their advantages and *** we highlight a recently developed LPE technique using electro-intercalation that draws on the advantages of previously presented ***,we discuss processing the as-produced 2D TMD nanosheets via SB separating techniques designed for size and morphology selection while also presenting the ongoing challenges in this *** then examine SB methods for processing the selected 2D nanomaterial dispersions into semiconducting thin *** methods are compared and contrasted,and special attention is paid to a recently developed method that carefully deposits 2D TMD nanoflakes with preferentia

关键词： Transition critical sheets

Akt isoforms differentially provide for chemoresistance in prostate cancer

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2022年第5期19卷 635-650页

作者： Bo Ma Hanshuang Shao Xia Jiang Zhou Wang Chuanyue(Cary)Wu Diana Whaley Alan wells Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy Cancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221002China Department of Pathology University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA Pittsburgh vA Healthcare System PittsburghPA 15213USA Department of Biomedical Informatics University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA Department of Urology University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA UPMC Hillman Cancer Center PittsburghPA 15232USA

Objective:Early prostate cancer micrometastatic foci undergo a mesenchymal to epithelial reverting transition,not only aiding seeding and colonization,but also rendering the tumor cells generally *** previously found that upregulated E-cadherin in the epithelial micrometastases activated canonical survival pathways,including PI3K-Akt,that protected the tumor cells from death;however,the extent of protection from blocking the pathway in its entirety was modest,because different isoforms may have alternately affected cell ***,we characterized Akt isoform expressions in primary and metastatic prostate cancers,as well as their individual contributions to ***:Akt isoforms and E-cadherin were manipulated with drugs,knocked down,and over *** cell killing was determined in vitro and in *** survival was calculated from patient records and ***:Pan-Akt inhibition sensitized tumor cells to chemotherapy,and specific blockade of Akt1 or/and Akt2 caused cells to be more *** of Akt3 induced apoptosis.A low dose of Akt1 or Akt2 inhibitor enabled standard chemotherapies to significantly eradicate metastatic prostate tumors in a mouse model,acting as *** human specimens,we found Akt1 and Akt2 positively correlated,whereas Akt3 inversely correlated,with the overall survival of prostate cancer ***1high/Akt2high/Akt3low tumors had the worst ***:E-cadherin-induced activation of Akt1/2 isoforms was the essential mechanism of chemoresistance,whereas Akt3 made cells more *** findings emphasized the need to target Akt1/2,rather than pan-Akt,as a rational therapeutic approach.

关键词： Chemoresistance adjuvant therapy metastasis dormancy Akt isoforms

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