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Screening of Rice Accessions for Tolerance to Drought and Salt Stress Using Morphological and Physiological Parameters

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第12期11卷 2080-2102页

作者： Chukwudi Umego Valentine Otang Ntui Effiom Eyo Ita Charles Opara edak aniedi uyoh Department of Genetics and Biotechnology University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria International Institute for Tropical Agriculture Nairobi Kenya

Drought and salinity are the most widespread soil problems, posing a big threat to food security in rice growing regions. The present study evaluated the performance of eleven rice genotypes using morphological and physiological parameters, under induced drought and salinity conditions. The seedlings were raised in 5 kg of homogenous soil in plastic bags in the greenhouse. For the drought experiment, each bag was watered with 200 ml of water twice daily until plants reached the five-leaf stage when watering was suspended for 2 weeks for the drought stressed plants but not suspended for the control plants. The experiment was a 2 × 11 factorial and the set up was arranged using the completely randomized design with three replications. Data were taken on Plant height, Number of tillers, leaf length, Number of green leaves, Number of dead leaves, Leaf rolling score (LRS) and Rate of water loss. The salinity experiment was set up in a similar manner except that the plants were irrigated twice a day for 2 weeks with 200 ml of treatment solution containing either 0 mM NaCl or 75 mM and data were collected on plant height, number of tillers, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, Na+ and K+ concentrations, relative water content and chlorophyll content. Data from both experiments were subjected to Analysis of variance test using the GenStat software 10th edition and the means separated using least significant difference test. Individual stress response index (ISRI) was calculated for each parameter and the means used in grouping the varieties. Of the genotypes evaluated, four (FARO 44,

关键词： Oryza sativa Salinity Tolerance Drought Tolerance Morpho-Physiological Parameters Stress Response Indices

Potentials of Two Nigerian Spices—Piper nigrumand Monodora myristicaas Sources for Cheap Natural Antioxidants

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第5期4卷 1105-1115页

作者： edak A. uyoh Peter N. Chukwurah Roseline C. Akarika Victoria A. Antia Department of Genetics and Biotechnology University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria.

Two commonly consumed spices in Nigeria—Piper nigrum (leaf and seed) and Monodora myristica (seed) were evaluated for natural antioxidant potentials in complementary in vitro assay systems. Extracts of the tested plant parts contained low amounts of antioxidant compounds: 4.00 - 6.65 μg GAE/mg and 2.50 - 10.38 μg RE/mg for phenols and flavonoids respectively. The extracts scavenged DPPH and hydroxyl radicals in the range of 4.32% - 37.37% (inferior to ascorbic acid and gallic acid used as standards) and 6.43% - 17.10% respectively. In the reducing power and phosphomolybdenum assays, the extracts showed ability to reduce Fe (III) and Mo (VI) ions to their lower valence states of Fe (II) and Mo (V) respectively, although these activities were inferior to those of the standards used. Comparatively, Monodora myristica seed extract was superior to Piper nigrum leaf and seed extracts in antioxidant potential, but all the extracts generally showed dose-dependent antioxidant activities. Evidently, the studied spice plants are not without some natural antioxidant capacity and would contribute appreciably in combating free radical damages when consumed.

关键词： Antioxidant Piper nigrum Monodora myristica Spices Free Radicals

Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity of Two OcimumSpecies Consumed Locally as Spices in Nigeria as a Justification for Increased Domestication

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第2期4卷 222-230页

作者： edak A. uyoh Peter N. Chukwurah Imabasi A. David Anna C. Bassey Department of Genetics and Biotechnology University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria

The antioxidant activities of Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum gratissimum consumed as spices in Nigeria were evaluated in a bid to provide better scientific basis for increased domestication efforts on them. Total phenol and flavonoid contents of the spice extracts ranged from 9.09 - 27.41 μg GAE/mg and 5.38 - 22.88 μg RE/mg respectively. The DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of the spice extracts ranged from 58.43% - 92.37% and 6.27% - 16.67% respectively. The total antioxidant capacities and reducing powers of the extracts (measured as absorbance values) ranged from 0.137 - 0.160 and 0.130 - 0.158 respectively. Generally, Ocimum basilicum maintained superior antioxidant activities to O. gratissimum in all the test assays, and all the extracts showed dose-dependent antioxidant activities. Ascorbic acid, Gallic acid and Rutin used as reference compounds generally showed higher antioxidant activities to the spice extracts except in the hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. Put together, these results confirm that Ocimum basilicum and O. gratissimum extracts possess appreciable natural antioxidant potentials, thereby providing good justification for their increased domestication and consumption.

关键词： Antioxidant Activity Scavenging Activity Reducing Power Ocimum spp. Spices Domestication

Effect of Synthetic Hormone Substitutes on Rooting of Vine Cuttings in Water Yam (Dioscorea alata L.)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第9期7卷 1372-1379页

作者： edak A. uyoh Effiom E. Ita Mercy Essien Ekeme Abasi F. Ewona Mary Binang Department of Genetics and Biotechnology University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria

The use of yam vine cuttings as propagules with appropriate synthetic rooting hormones such as IBA (Indole-Butyric Acid) and NAA (Naphthalene Acetic Acid) has previously been reported as successful but expensive. To source for cheaper alternatives, this study compared the effect of some natural and synthetic hormones on rooting of vine cuttings in two varieties of Dioscorea alata. Vine cuttings from three months old water yam varieties were treated separately with 1%, 3% and 5% concentrations of each of the following: neem leaf ash, coconut water, 2,4-D and IBA with water as control. Treated cuttings were planted in triplicates in polythene bags using the completely randomised design and watered once in two days for 49 days. Data collected on rooting percentage, number of roots per plant, mean root length, number and length of new vines were subjected to analysis of variance tests and the means separated using least significant difference tests. A 100% rooting was observed in vines treated with 1% or 3% coconut water and neem ash. These vines also generated significantly greater number of new vines (P < 0.05) compared to those from synthetic hormones. Vines treated with 5% neem produced the highest number of roots (145.33 ± 9.21;P < 0.001) while those treated with 3% neem produced the longest roots (45.3 ± 9.23 cm) followed by those treated with 3% coconut water (24.3 ± 3.48). The study reveals that neem leaf ash and coconut water are better root promoting agents for water yam vines than 2,4-D and IBA and could be tested further for use as natural hormonal substitutes to the synthetic hormones.

关键词： Root-Promoting Agents Dioscorea alata Vine Cuttings Neem Leaf Ash Coconut Water

A Preliminary Report of Predisposing Factors and Predominant Microbiological Diagnosis of Corneal Ulcers Seen at the Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2019年第2期9卷 94-104页

作者： Chimdia E. Ogbonnaya Favoured Walter-Ugwuocha edak Ezeanosike Chinyelu N. Ezisi Boniface N. Ukwah Helen A. Ginger-Eke Department of Ophthalmology Ebonyi State University Abakaliki Nigeria Department of Medical Laboratories Zankli Hospital Abuja Nigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences (Medical Microbiology Unit) Faculty of Health Science and Technology Ebonyi State University Abakaliki Nigeria

Background: Microbial keratitis often results in poor visual outcome despite treatment. A revision of treatment protocol based on local evidence may be required in order to obtain better treatment outcome. Objectives: To determine the predisposing factors and predominant microbiological diagnosis of corneal ulcers seen at the Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (FETHA), Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This is a preliminary report of an on-going longitudinal descriptive study of all consenting corneal ulcer patients managed at the FETHA eye clinic over a 4-month period. Information obtained were socio-demographic data, presenting complaints, duration of symptoms prior to presentation, history of preceding trauma, medications used before presentation, presenting and final visual acuity and microbiological diagnosis. Results: A diagnosis of corneal ulcer was made in 8 out of the 852 outpatients seen over the study period giving a hospital prevalence rate of 0.59%. Five patients (62.50%) were males, five (62.50%) were farmers and 4 patients (50%) were above 60 years of age. The microbial diagnoses were bacterial keratitis 37.5% (Staphylococcus aureus), fungal keratitis 25% (Fusarium spp. and aspergillus) and acanthamoeba (25%). None of the patients ever used contact lenses. There was a history of eye trauma in 50% of the patients. All the eyes presented blind after a period of failed attempts to treat by self or quacks. Mean duration before presentation was two weeks. Treatment improved the visual acuity in 37.5% of patients. Conclusion: Bacteria, fungi and acanthamoeba organisms were the microbiological isolates from the scrapings of corneal ulcer patients seen in the eye clinic of FETHA;with bacterial organisms being the most common. Farming activities, preceding eye trauma, delayed presentation, self-medication and use of traditional eye medications (TEM) were common findings among the patients. A future larger study is recommended to confirm the findin

关键词： Microbial Keratitis Microbial Diagnosis Corneal Ulcer Predisposing Factors Abakaliki

Cost-Effective Ophthalmic Surgical Wetlab Using the Porcine Orbit with a Simple Dissection Protocol

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2019年第4期9卷 183-193页

作者： edak Ezeanosike June Chizoba Azu-Okeke Eberechukwu Ogbeanu Achigbu Chinyelu Nkemdilim Ezisi Dilichukwu Isioma Aniemeka Chimdia Ezioma Ogbonnaya Chimdi M. Chuka-Okosa Department of Ophthalmology Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Ebonyi State Nigeria Department of Ophthalmology Federal Medical Centre Owerri Imo State Nigeria Department of Ophthalmology University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Enugu Nigeria

Objective: To describe the dissection protocol for the pig head to obtain the orbital tissue, as well as a simple setup for ophthalmic surgical wetlabs. Methods and Analysis: A descriptive study. The pig head dissection was performed at the abattoir for convenience. The orbital tissue thus obtained was used to set up the wetlab workstation. Results: A cost-effective, low technology, affordable set-up for ophthalmic surgical wetlab protocol was developed. High resolution photographs of the procedure were taken and were presented for ease of description. The dissection protocol was test-run at an ophthalmic surgical training workshop. Conclusions: The porcine orbit and the wetlab setup were available and affordable. The dissection in the abattoir is easy and reproducible. The orbit was used instead of the enucleated globe and this ensures stability throughout surgical practice sessions.

关键词： Wet Lab Ophthalmic Surgical Training Pig Eye Porcine Orbit Dissection