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Development of a Flexible Multibody Model to Simulate Nonlinear Effects in Printing Process

Modern Mechanical Engineering 2016年第1期6卷 10-19页

作者： Martin eckl Thomas Lepper Berend Denkena Institute of Production Engineering and Machine Tools Leibniz Universit&auml t Hannover Hanover Germany Institute of Production Engineering and Machine Tools Leibniz Universit?t Hannover Hanover Germany

Modern high speed printing machines are able to print up to 700 m/min. At this rate, little excita-tions lead to vibrations, which may lead to loss of contact between the rollers (bouncing). This bouncing results in white stripes, being visible on the printed image. To enable the simulation of the whole printing process, including effects like bouncing, a discrete multibody model is developed. The rollers are modeled by several rigid bodies. These bodies are connected to each other by rotational springs, which allow simulation of the first bending eigenmodes of each roller. The contact area between the rollers is modeled by several nonlinear translational springs and damping elements. These elements change their stiffness and damping values depending on the distance between the rollers. If a defined distance is exceeded, the values become zero, which represents the loss of contact (bouncing). The unknown spring and damping elements of this model are parametrized with help of an experimental modal analysis. This paper presents the development of a flexible multibody model to simulate nonlinear effects in printing process.

关键词： Flexible Multi Body Simulation Flexographic Printing

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Development of a Multiple Degree of Freedom Knee Disarticulation Prosthesis with Active Leg Length Variation

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Modern Mechanical Engineering 2014年第4期4卷 207-221页

作者： Berend Denkena Martin eckl Dominik Brouwer Leibniz Universität Hannover Institute of Production Engineering and Machine Tools An der Universit&aumlt 2 Hanover Germany

This paper presents a novel design for a knee disarticulation prosthesis. In this design, three hydraulic cylinders form the supporting structure and provide the damping effect at the same time. That way the novel knee joint offers two fundamental advantages compared to the state of the art. First, the combination of a supporting structure and damping element reduces the weight of the prosthesis. Secondly, the use of several cylinders allows the actuation of further degrees of freedom. Additional degrees of freedom can be used to vary the leg length within the gait cycle and hence to optimize the gait behavior.

关键词： Biomechanics Biomedicine Prostheses Knee-Disarticulation

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<i>N</i>–nitrosodiethylamine cytochrome P450 induction and cytotoxicity evaluation in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2011年第2期1卷 70-78页

作者： Claudia Alessandra Fortes Aiub Gabriele Gadermaier Fátima Ferreira Israel Felzenszwalb Peter eckl Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto 不详

The primary routes of potential human exposure to N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) are ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. Air, diet and smoking contribute to potential human exposure at levels of a few μg of NDEA/day. Potential exposure depends on the ability of the nitrosamines to migrate from the product into the body. The first step in the metabolic degradation of NDEA by cytochrome oxidase (CYPs) enzymes is the introduction of a hydroxyl group and in human esophage and liver CYP2A3 and CYP2E1 participate on this metabolism. Measuring cytotoxicity in female rat primary hepatocytes cultures, were used to understand the CYP induction and metaboli-zation correlated with low NDEA concentrations. We observed that NDEA at different concentrations in the absence of CYPs inducers, was able to induce CYP2B1, CYP2B2, CYP2E1, CYP3A1 and CYP4A3. A positive NDEA synergistic effect on the levels of mRNA, was observed in the presence of pyrazole (300 μM) for CYP2B1 and CYP2B2 and for pregnenolone 16- carbonitrile (0.15 μM) for CYP2E1. Negative NDEA synergistic effects were observed for ethanol (0.3%) for CYP3A1, pyrazol (300 μM) for CYP2A1 and CYP2E1, and phenobarbital (1 mM) for CYP2A1. These facts are extremally important once that these metabolites can be directly related to the primary DNA lesions. We consider that studies to elucidate the biological factors that determine the shape of the dose-response curve are crucial for low-dose extrapolations of risk.

关键词： N-Nitrosodiethylamine Cytochrome P450 Cytotoxicity Primary Culture Hepatocyte Real-Time PCR.

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有希望的第三代天花候选疫苗IMVAMUNE的安全性和免疫原性

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国际生物制品学杂志 2007年第1期30卷 40-41页

作者： Vollmar J Arndtz N eckl KM 李国良（摘）杨净思（校）

MVA-BN（IMVAMUNE^TM）是一个来自于改良的痘苗病毒安卡拉（MVA）571株的高度减毒克隆。德国Vollmar等进行了Ⅰ期临床试验，以研究第三代天花候选疫苗MVA—BN对自然人群及已免疫人群的安全性和免疫原性。

关键词：免疫原性候选疫苗安全性第三代天花 Ⅰ期临床试验痘苗病毒免疫人群

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