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Impact structures and events - a Nordic perspective

Episodes 2008年第1期31卷 107-114页

作者： Henning Dypvik Jueri Plado Claus Heinberg eckart hakansson Lauri J. Pesonen Birger Schmitz Selen Raiskila Department of Geosciences University of Oslo P.O. Box 1047 Blindern NO 0316 Oslo Norway. Department of Geology University of Tartu Vanemuise 46 51014 Tartu Estonia. Department of Environmental Social and Spatial Change Roskilde University P.O. Box 260 DK-4000 Roskilde Denmark. Department of Geography and Geology University of Copenhagen Dster Voldgade 10 DK-1350 Copenhagen Denmark. Division of Geophysics University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 FIN-00014 Helsinki Finland. Department of Geology University of Lund S61vegatan 12 SE-22362 Lund Sweden.

Impact cratering is one of the fundamental processes in the formation of the Earth and our planetary system, as reflected, for example in the surfaces of Mars and the Moon. The Earth has been covered by a comparable number of impact scars, but due to active geological processes, weathering, sea floor spreading etc, the number of preserved and recognized impact craters on the Earth are limited. The study of impact structures is consequently of great importance in our understanding of the formation of the Earth and the planets, and one way we directly, on the Earth, can study planetary geology. The Nordic-Baltic area have about thirty confirmed impact structures which makes it one of the most densely crater populated terrains on Earth. The high density of identified craters is due to the level of research activity, coupled with a deterministic view of what we look for. In spite of these results, many Nordic structures are poorly understood due to the lack of 3D-geophysical interpretations, isotopeor other dating efforts and better knowledge of the amount of erosion and subsequent tectonic modifications. The Nordic and Baltic impact community is closely collaborating in several impact-related projects and the many researchers (about forty) and PhD students (some seventeen) promise that this level will continue for many more years. The main topics of research include geological, geophysical, and geochemical studies in combination with modeling and impact experiments. Moreover, the Nordic and Baltic crust contains some hundred suspect structures which call for detailed analysis to define their origin. New advanced methods of analyzing geophysical information in combination with detailed geochemical analyses and numerical modeling will be the future basic occupation of the impact scientists of the region. The unique Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary (K-T) occurrences in Denmark form an important source of information in explaining one of the major mass extinctions on Earth.

关键词：北欧冲击作用透视方法地质研究

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