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Characterization of Defaulters from Tuberculosis Treatment in a Tertiary Hospital in South Eastern Nigeria

Open Journal of Epidemiology 2016年第1期6卷 1-9页

作者： echendu dolly adinma Victor Ahoma Mbanuzuru Emmanuel C. Azuike Ifeoma C. Iloghalu Darlington Chukwudimma Obi Department of Community Medicine Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) Nnewi Nigeria

Background: Tuberculosis is second only to HIV/AIDS as the greatest killer worldwide, due to a single infectious agent. Directly Observed Treatment Short-Course (DOTS) is presently the WHO recommended programme to fight tuberculosis worldwide. There is a need to understand the characteristics of patients who default from treatment for tuberculosis. This will help modify the strategies to reduce such default to the barest minimum and achieve higher levels of adherence. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of patients that defaulted from treatment for TB at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) Nnewi DOTS clinic for the period 1st January 2011 to 31st December 2012. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at the DOTS clinic at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria. The records of patients who received treatment from the clinic from 1st January 2011 to 31st December 2012 (2 years) were reviewed. The data collected include patients’ demographic characteristics, treatment category, patient type, baseline sputum smear result, and retroviral status. From the data, default rate was calculated and its relationship with other variables noted. Associations between patients’ characteristics were determined using chi square test of independence. The significance level was set at p = 0.05. Results: A total of 765 patients enrolled for TB treatment in the DOTS clinic of the study area within the study period of 1st January 2011 and December 31st 2012. The mean age at commencement of the treatment was 33.14 years (±18.09). The outcome of treatment showed that 260 (34%) had treatment completed, 230 (30.1%) cured, 120 (15.7%) defaulted, 103 (13.5%) died, 40 (5.2%) were transferred-out, and 12 (1.6%) failed in the treatment, giving a treatment success rate of 64.1%. Among the 120 (15.7%) patients that defaulted from treatment, majority 80 (66.7%) were males, and most 30

关键词： Tuberculosis Treatment Defaulters Tertiary Hospital South Eastern Nigeria

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Factors Influencing Sexual Behavior among Female Adolescents in Onitsha, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2014年第16期4卷 987-995页

作者： Ifeoma Bridget Udigwe Prosper Obunikem Adogu Achunam Simeon Nwabueze echendu dolly adinma Chika Florence Ubajaka Chika Onwasigwe Department of Community Medicine & Primary Health Care (PHC) Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) Nnewi Nigeria Department of Community Medicine University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu Nigeria

Background: The sexual health indices of the adolescents are very poor. This study ascertained the factors influencing the sexual behaviour among female adolescents in Onitsha, Anambra state, Nigeria. Method: This was a cross sectional design in which a total of 800 female adolescents were selected from secondary schools in the area using multistage sampling method;and also selected from a major market (for those who were not at school) in the same geographical area using cluster sampling technique. Data were collected from the respondents about socio-demographic profile, reproductive and sexual health knowledge, attitude, behavior, sources of sexual health information. Result: The highest proportion of students who had ever had sex was found among the 16 - 17 years age group while the modal age group was 18 - 19 years for non students. Also “not living with both parents” and poor family background, were markedly associated with increased likelihood to engage in sexual activity. Poverty level was particularly high among the non-student adolescents. Furthermore, wrong knowledge of fertile period, low risk perception of HIV and premarital, and use of condoms among the respondents were all significantly associated with increased chance to engage in sex. The student adolescents got sexuality information mainly from the teachers;as opposed to their non-student counterparts who had youth organization and friends as main sources. Conclusion: Family values, poverty alleviation, change of attitude through appropriate health and sexuality education especially targeting the non-student adolescents are highly recommended. Sexual negotiation skill, accessible formal education for all should be encouraged to create the right sexual behavior among the adolescent girls.

关键词： Sexual Behavior Female Adolescent Students Non-Students Onitsha Nigeria

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Sexual Behaviour among Students in a Tertiary Educational Institution in Southeast Nigeria

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2016年第3期4卷 87-92页

作者： adinma Joseph Ifeanyi Brian Osita Umeononihu adinma dolly echendu Nkemakolam Eke Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi Nigeria Department of Community Medicine Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Federal Medical Centre Keffi Nigeria

Background: Sexual behaviour is the manner in which humans experience and express their sexuality. When it is risky, it can lead to untoward health consequences. Objective: The study was undertaking to assess the sexuality pattern of 276 students from a tertiary educational institution in Anambra state of south eastern Nigeria to determine the pattern of risk-behavior among them. Subjects/Methods: This is a cross-sectional questionnaire based study of undergraduates in a tertiary educational institution. Results: Majority of the respondents 190/276 (68.8%) are sexually active. Most of the sexually active respondents are unmarried 156 (82.1%) while only 34 (17.9%) were married. A considerable number of the respondents 34 (17.9%) had 2 to 5 sex partners in the past one year while 26 (13.7%) had at least 6 sex partners the past year also. Interestingly, 140 (73.7%) respondents were having sex for pleasure and while only 14 (7.4%) had sex for money. Conclusion: Majority of the undergraduates in this study indulge in premarital sexual intercourse and usually often with multiple partners. This constitutes high risk sexual behavior. Recommendations: Safer-sex sexuality education is recommended for students in tertiary educational institutions to minimize this ugly trend.

关键词： Sexual Behavior Youth Students Tertiary Institution Nigeria

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Streptomycin-Induced Steven-Johnson Syndrome in a HIV Sero-Positive Patient with Tuberculosis: A Case Report

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2011年第4期2卷 481-483页

作者： echendu adinma Nkiru N. Ezeama Chukwuma D. Umeokonkwo 不详

Severe cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to anti-tuberculosis medication are rare and have been attributed mainly to thiacetazone. A case of streptomycin-induced Steven-Johnson Syndrome in a patient with TB-HIV co-... 详细信息

关键词： Streptomycin-Induced Steven-Johnson Syndrome HIV Sero-Positive Tuberculosis

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Characterization of TB/HIV Co-Infected Patients Receiving TB Treatment at a DOTS Clinic, in a Tertiary Hospital in South-Eastern Nigeria

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2015年第4期3卷 113-121页

作者： echendu D. adinma Darlington C. Obi Emmanuel C. Azuike Victor A. Mbanuzuru Ifeoma C. Iloghalu Department of Community Medicine Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi Nigeria

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a specific infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis while acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a fatal illness caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Both of them constitute the main burden of infectious public health disease in many parts of the world, particularly in resource limited countries like Nigeria. This study sets out to describe TB/HIV co-infected patients accessing care at the DOTS clinic in a tertiary hospital in South-Eastern Nigeria. Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively at the DOTS clinic of NAUTH Nnewi. A structured proforma was used to extract specific characteristics of TB/HIV co-infected patients who received TB treatment for the period of 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2013. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS version 20. Results: Ninety eight patients (40.6%) were TB/HIV co-infected, out of the two hundred and forty one patients treated for tuberculosis in the DOTS clinic during the period under review. These were the findings among the TB/HIV co-infected patients: there were more females (51%) than males (49%);the commonest age group affected was the group 30 - 39 years (34.7%);majority of the patients (91.8%) had pulmonary TB as against extrapulmonary TB (8.2%) and most of the patients had negative sputum AFB result (43.9%) as against those with positive result (36.7%). Conclusion: This study demonstrated some important characteristics of TB/HIV co-infected patients. Such knowledge if taken into consideration in both the tuberculosis control and HIV control programs will improve the outcomes of the programs.

关键词： Characterization TB/HIV Co-Infected Patients

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Perception, Prevalence and Predictors of Rape among Female Students in a Tertiary Institution South East Nigeria

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2014年第14期5卷 819-828页

作者： Prosper O. U. Adogu echendu D. adinma Victor I. Onyiaorah Chika F. Ubajaka Department of Community Medicine NAU/NAUTH Nnewi Nigeria Department of Community Medicine NAU/NAUTH Nnewi Nigeria PHC NAU/NAUTH Nnewi Nigeria Department of Histopathology NAU/NAUTH Nnewi Nigeria

The essential elements of the rape crime are sexual penetration, force, and the lack of consent. The prevalence of rape worldwide has been reported to be a staggering 20%. In Nigeria, most victims of rape will elect to remain silent about the experience, because of stigmatization leading to under reporting of the crime. This study was aimed at elucidating the perception of rape and determining its prevalence and predictors among female undergraduates in a tertiary institution in South Eastern Nigeria. This was a descriptive cross sectional study in which self administered questionnaires were used to collect relevant data from 280 female undergraduates of UNIZIK Okofia Nnewi Campus, Nigeria, selected by cluster sampling technique. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine associations and identify independent predictors of rape respectively. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Result showed that the female students had a good knowledge and the perception of rape and that some had fallen victims (16.4%). Acquaintance rape was markedly common (p < 0.02). The single (p < 0.032), and off campus (p < 0.031) female students, often the party going (p < 0.02) types who enjoyed night (p < 0.029) activities were significantly more likely to become victims of rape than those married, on campus and non-party-going counterparts. Also, students who attended single gender schools (p rape than those counterparts who attended co-educational colleges. Awareness campaigns through peer education, introduction of sexuality education in the school curriculum and establishment of school health programmes are highly recommended.

关键词： Perception Prevalence Predictors Rape Female Tertiary Institution Nigeria

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