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Human and ecological risks of metals in soils under different land-use types in an urban environment of Bangladesh

Pedosphere 2020年第2期30卷 201-213页

作者： Md.Saiful ISLAM Md.Kawser AHMED Md.Habibullah Al-MAMUN Dennis Wayne eaton Department of Soil Science Patuakhali Science and Technology UniversityDumkiPatuakhali 8602Bangladesh Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences Yokohama National University79-7 TokiwadaiHodogaya-kuYokohamaKanagawa 240-8501Japan Department of Oceanography University of DhakaDhaka 1000Bangladesh Department of Fisheries University of DhakaDhaka 1000Bangladesh Contract Faculty Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJ 08901-8554USA

Trace metal contamination in soil is of great concern owing to its long persistence in the environment and toxicity to humans and other *** of six potentially toxic trace metals,Cr,Ni,Cu,As,Cd,and Pb,in urban soils were measured in Dhaka City,*** from different land-use types,namely,agricultural field,park,playground,petrol station,metal workshop,brick field,burning sites,disposal sites of household waste,garment waste,electronic waste,and tannery wast,and construction waste demolishing sites,were *** concentration ranges of Cr,Ni,Cu,As,Pb,and Cd in soils were 2.4–1258,8.3–1044,9.7–823,8.7–277,1.8–80,and 13–842 mg kg^-1,*** concentrations of metals were subsequently used to establish hazard quotients(HQs)for the adult *** metal HQs decreased in the order of As>Cr>Pb>Cd>Ni>*** was the most vital exposure pathway of studied metals from soils followed by dermal contact and *** range of pollution load index(PLI)was 0.96–17,indicating severe contamination of soil by trace *** the comprehensive potential ecological risk(PER),soils from all land-use types showed considerable to very high ecological *** findings of this study revealed that in the urban area studied,soils of some land-use types were severely contaminated with trace ***,it is suggested that more attention should be paid to the potential health risks to the local inhabitants and ecological risk to the surrounding ecosystems.

关键词： hazard quotient health risk land use potential ecological risk soil pollution trace metals urban soil

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Species limits in the Elegant Pitta (Pitta elegans) complex from Wallacea based on bioacoustic and morphometric analysis

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Avian Research 2020年第4期11卷 421-432页

作者： Arya Y.Yue Elize Y.X.Ng James A.eaton Frank E.Rheindt Bryn Mawr College Department of Biology101 N Merion AveBryn MawrPA 19010USA Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore16 Science Drive 4Singapore 117558Singapore A-3A-5 Casa Indah IPersiaran Surian47810 Petaling JayaMalaysia

Background:The Elegant Pitta(Pitta elegans)complex displays a remarkable diversity of morphological and bioacoustic traits across five taxa currently recognized as *** differ in plumage characteristics(such as red versus black belly patches;supercilium color and extent;and white versus black throats),in lifestyle(resident versus migratory)and in *** investigated the morphological,bioacoustic and ecological differences across all taxa after recent studies demostrated the importance of these traits in recognizing biological species limits across ***:Morphometric analysis was carried out by measuring tarsus,wing,tail and bill lengths of 15 specimens at the Natural History Museum,UK,and plumages were inspected across 106 unique individuals from four different *** analysis was based on 134 range-wide sound *** types of calls,territorial calls and alarm calls,were analyzed using different sets of *** component analysis and the Isler Criterion were applied to the *** trials were conducted to explore the levels of response of each taxon to the call types of the other ***:The territorial call of concinna exhibits a distinct two-element motif,while elegans,maria and virginalis utter a three-element motif in which the first two elements are given in quick *** the other hand,vigorsii,produces both two-element and three-element motifs with longer breaks in between *** further corroborated by the playback trials,the three taxa elegans,virginalis and maria form a tight vocal cluster,whereas each concinna and vigorsii are *** alarm call turned out to be less diagnostic even though most taxa did roughly separate into different vocal *** analysis failed to produce strong differences,but plumage distinctions among multiple taxa are ***:We suggest splitting the Elegant Pitta into three biological species based on

关键词： Bioacoustic analysis Elegant Pitta Morphometric analysis Pitta elegans Territorial calls

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Impact of a single bout of high-intensity interval exercise and short-term interval training on interleukin-6, FNDC5, and METRNL mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第2期7卷 191-196页

作者： Malcolm eaton Cesare Granata Julianne Barry Adeel Safdar David Bishop Jonathan P.Little School of Health and Exercise Science University of British Columbia Okanagan Institute of Sport Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL)College of Sport and Exercise ScienceVictoria University Department of Pediatrics Mc Master University

Background: Exercise promotes numerous phenotypic adaptations in skeletal muscle that contribute to improved function and metabolic capacity. An emerging body of evidence suggests that skeletal muscle also releases a myriad of factors during exercise, termed "myokines". The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of high-intensity interval training(HIIT) on the acute regulation of the mRNA expression of several myokines, including the prototypical myokine interleukin-6(IL-6), and recently identified myokines fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5(FNDC5)(irisin) and meteorin-like protein(METRNL).Methods: Both before and after a 20-day period of twice-daily high-volume HIIT, 9 healthy males(20.5 ± 1.5 years performed a standardized bout of high-intensity interval exercise(HIIE; 5 × 4 min at ~80% pretraining peak power output) with skeletal muscle biopsy samples(vastus lateralis) obtained at rest, immediately following exercise, and at 3 h ***: Before training, a single bout of HIIE increased IL-6(p < 0.05) and METRNL(p < 0.05) mRNA expression measured at 3 h recovery when compared to rest. Following 20 days of HIIT, IL-6 and FNDC5 mRNA were increased at 3 h recovery from the standardized HIIE bout when compared to rest(both p < 0.05). Resting METRNL and FNDC5 mRNA expression were higher following training(p < 0.05), and there was an overall increase in FNDC5 mRNA post-training(main effect of training, p < 0.05).Conclusion: In human skeletal muscle(1) an acute bout of HIIE can induce upregulation of skeletal muscle IL-6 mRNA both before and after a period of intensified HIIT;(2) Resting and overall FNDC5 mRNA expression is increased by 20 days of HIIT; and(3) METRNL mRNA expression is responsive to both acute HIIE and short-term intense HIIT. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings at the protein and secretion level in humans.

关键词： Brown adipose tissue Exerkines High-intensity interval training Intermittent exercise Myokine Obesity

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Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for acute radiation syndrome: Innovative medical approaches in military medicine

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Journal of Medical Colleges of PLA(China) 2014年第3期29卷 186-195页

作者： Erik B.eaton Jr. Timothy R.Varney United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense 3100 Ricketts Point Road Aberdeen Proving GroundMaryland 21010 US United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense 3100 Ricketts Point Road Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland 21010 US

After a radiological or nuclear event, acute radiation syndrome(ARS) will present complex medical challenges that could involve the treatment of hundreds to thousands of patients. Current medical doctrine is based on limited clinical data and remains inadequate. Efforts to develop medical innovations that address ARS complications are unlikely to be generated by the industry because of market uncertainties specific to this type of injury. A prospective strategy could be the integration of cellular therapy to meet the medical demands of ARS. The most clinically advanced cellular therapy to date is the administration of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs). Results of currently published investigations describing MSC safety and efficacy in a variety of injury and disease models demonstrate the unique qualities of this reparative cell population in adapting to the specific requirements of the damaged tissue in which the cells integrate. This report puts forward a rationale for the further evaluation of MSC therapy to address the current unmet medical needs of ARS. We propose that the exploration of this novel therapy for the treatment of the multivariate complications of ARS could be of invaluable benefit to military medicine.

关键词： Acute radiation syndrome Mesenchymal stem cell Cell therapy Hematopoietic syndrome Gastrointestinal syndrome Radiation injury

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Comparative genomics of orobanchaceous species with different parasitic lifestyles reveals the origin and stepwise evolution of plant parasitism

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Molecular Plant 2022年第8期15卷 1384-1399页

作者： Yuxing Xu Jingxiong Zhang Canrong Ma Yunting Lei Guojing Shen Jianjun Jin Deren A.R.eaton' Jianqiang Wu Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant ResourcesKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Ecology Evolution and Environmental BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA

Orobanchaceae is the largest family of parasiticplants,containing autotrophic and parasiticplants with all degrees of *** makes it byfar the best family for studying the origin and evolution of plant *** we provide three high-quality genomes of orobanchaceous plants,the autotrophic Lindenbergia luchunensis and the holoparasitic plants Phelipanche aegyptiaca and Orobanche *** analysis of these three genomes together with those previously published and the transcriptomes of other orobanchaceous species createda robust phylogeneticframework *** found that an ancient whole-genome duplication(WGD;about 73.48million years ago),which occurred earlierthan theoriginof Orobanchaceae,mighthave contributed totheemergence of ***,no WGD events occurred in any lineage of orobanchaceous parasites except for Striga after divergence from their autotrophic common ancestor,suggesting that,in contrast with previous speculations,WGD is not associated with the emergence of *** detected evident convergent gene loss in all parasites within Orobanchaceae and between Orobanchaceae and dodder Cuscuta *** gene families in the orobanchaceous parasites showed a clear pattern of recent gains and *** expanded gene families are enriched in functions related to the development of the haustorium,suggesting that recent gene family expansions may have facilitated the adaptation of orobanchaceous parasites to different *** study illustrates a stepwise pattern in the evolution of parasitism in the orobanchaceous parasites and will facilitate future studieson parasitism and the control of parasitic plants in agriculture.

关键词： genomics Orobanchaceae parasitism whole-genome duplication gene loss gene family expansion

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Structural, optical, and electrical properties of phase- controlled cesium lead iodide nanowires

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Nano Research 2017年第4期10卷 1107-1114页

作者： Minliang Lai Qiao Kong Connor G. Bischak Yi Yu Letian Dou Samuel W. eaton Naomi S. Ginsberg Peidong Yang Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute Berkeley California 94720 USA Molecular Biophysics and Integrative Bioimaging Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Physics University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Berkeley California 94720 USA

Cesium lead iodide （CsPbIa）, in its black perovskite phase, has a suitable bandgap and high quantum efficiency for photovoltaic applications. However, CsPbI3 tends to crystalize into a yellow non-perovskite phase, which has poor optoelectronic properties, at room temperature. Therefore, controlling the phase transition in CsPbI3 is critical for practical application of this material. Here we report a systematic study of the phase transition of one-dimensional CsPbI3 nanowires and their corresponding structural, optical, and electrical properties. We show the formation of perovskite black phase CsPbIa nanowires from the non-perovskite yellow phase through rapid thermal quenching. Post-transformed black phase CsPbI3 nanowires exhibit increased photoluminescence emission intensity with a shrinking of the bandgap from 2.78 to 1.76 eV. The perovskite nanowires were photoconductive and showed a fast photoresponse and excellent stability at room temperature. These promising optical and electrical properties make the perovskite CsPbI3 nanowires attractive for a variety of nanoscale optoelectronic devices.

关键词： inorganic halide perovskite CsPbI3 phase transition stability

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Measuring efficiency of crop cleaners by image analysis

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2011年第4期4卷 34-41页

作者： Junming Wang Frank E.eaton Ted W.Sammis MeKonnen Gebremichael Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Tennessee State UniversityUSA eaton Chile Harvester Inc. New MexicoUSA Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences New Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNew MexicoUSA Civil and Environmental Engineering Department University of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA.

The purity of product from agricultural cleaners(such as chile,cotton,bean,wheat and other crop cleaners)is needed to be measured under various conditions in order to adjust and optimize the machine at the design and improvement *** traditional weight-based method of measuring purity is time consuming,and requires much *** this study,we used image analysis to measure percent crop cover for the product output to infer the *** cleaner was used as one example machine to compare between Photoshop©and Arcview©software for the analysis of fresh and dry harvest *** data collection process is more reproducible and less labor and time consuming than the traditional *** software packages provided accurate estimations of purity for both fresh and dry harvest ***©had better accuracy than Arcview©(mean error ratio of 0.016 vs.0.081 for fresh harvest;and 0.035 vs.0.114 for dry harvest).

关键词： cleaner measuring efficiency image analysis separation chile pepper purity trash

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Using bioacoustic tools to clarify species delimitation within the Blakiston's Fish Owl(Bubo blakistoni)complex

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Avian Research 2022年第1期13卷 17-24页

作者： Nyanasengeran Movin Tatjana Gamova Sergei G.Surmach Jonathan C.Slaght A.A.Kisleiko James A.eaton Frank E.Rheindt Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore16 Science Drive 4Singapore117558Singapore Federal Scientific Center for Biodiversity of Terrestrial Biota of East Asia FEB RAS.Vladivostok Russia Wildlife Conservation Society 2300 Southern BlvdBronxNYUSA10460 Kurilskii State Nature Reserve Yuzhno-KurilskRussia A-3A-5 Casa Indah ⅠPersiaran Surian47810Petaling JayaMalaysia

Although Blakiston’s Fish Owl(Bubo blakistoni) is widely treated as a single species,marked differences in the structure of pair duets between continental and insular populations have been ***,no study has quantitatively assessed these vocal *** obtained 192 duets from 22 pairs of Blakiston’s Fish Owl:15 pairs of *** from the Japanese island of Hokkaido and the Russian Kuril island of Kunashir,and seven pairs of *** from Primorye on the Russian *** is a sizeable dataset for such a large,retiring,and rare *** conducted bioacoustic examinations of 14 vocal parameters using principal component analysis and the Isler criterion to quantitatively test species boundaries within the *** *** found that the insular populations on Hokkaido and Kunashir emerged as vocally similar to each other but markedly different from the continental populations of ***,corresponding closely with presently accepted subspecies *** differences in the duets of the insular and continental groups are greater than the pairwise comparisons of territorial vocalisations between other sympatric owl *** on the reproductive importance of vocal duets in owl biology,we propose the taxonomic elevation of the continental subspecies to species level as Northern Fish Owl *** study corroborates the importance of bioacoustics in ascertaining species boundaries in owls and has important implications for the management of the two newly delimited species,each likely to be assessed as *** species should be managed independently to optimise conservation outcomes.

关键词： Eagle Owl Japan Russian Far East Taxonomy Biogeography

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Accidental discovery and isolation of Zika virus in Uganda and the relentless epidemiologist behind the investigations

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Virologica Sinica 2016年第4期31卷 357-361页

作者： Hedi Zhou Bryan eaton Zhihong Hu Basil Arif Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences 6 Belvedere Terrace Ocean Grove Scientist Emeritus Laboratory for Molecular VirologyGLFCSault Ste.

INTRODUCTION Zika virus(ZIKV)has captured the attention of the world because of its potential to infect neural cells and its teratogenic effects on foetuses and the new *** virus seems to have various modes of transmission and has been the subject of many reviews in the literature(example,Musso and Gubler,2016,Wang et al.,2016).ZIKV was first isolated in1947 but remained almost

关键词： Accidental discovery and isolation of Zika virus in Uganda and the relentless epidemiologist behind the investigations

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A murine model of tuberculosis/type 2 diabetes comorbidity for investigating the microbiome,metabolome and associated immune parameters

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2021年第2期4卷 181-188页

作者： Harindra D.Sathkumara Janet L.eaton Matt A.Field Brenda L.Govan Natkunam Ketheesan Andreas Kupz Centre for Molecular Therapeutics Australian Institute of Tropical Health and MedicineJames Cook UniversityCairns&TownsvilleQLDAustralia College of Public Health Medical and Veterinary SciencesJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology James Cook UniversityCairnsQLDAustralia John Curtin School of Medical Research Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia Science and Technology University of New EnglandArmidaleNSWAustralia

Tuberculosis(TB)is one of the deadliest infectious diseases in the *** meta-bolic disease type 2 diabetes(T2D)significantly increases the risk of developing ac-tive *** new TB vaccine candidates and novel therapeutic interventions are required to meet the challenges of global TB *** evidence suggests that the microbiota plays a significant role in how the host responds to infection,in-jury and neoplastic *** models that closely reflect human physiology are crucial in assessing new treatments and to decipher the underlying immunological defects responsible for increased TB susceptibility in comorbid *** this study,using a diet-induced murine T2D model that reflects the etiopathogenesis of clinical T2D and increased TB susceptibility,we investigated how the intestinal microbiota may impact the development of T2D,and how the gut microbial composition changes following a very low-dose aerosol infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb).Our data revealed a substantial intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in T2D mice compared to non-diabetic *** observed differences were comparable to previous clini-cal reports in TB patients,in which it was shown that Mtb infection causes rapid loss of microbial ***,diversity index and principle component analyses demonstrated distinct clustering of Mtb-infected non-diabetic mice ***-infected T2D *** findings support a broad applicability of T2D mice as a tractable small animal model for studying distinct immune parameters,microbiota and the immune-metabolome of TB/T2D *** model may also enable answers to be found to critical outstanding questions about targeted interventions of the gut mi-crobiota and the gut-lung axis.

关键词： gut microbiota host microbe interaction infectious diseases tuberculosis type 2 diabetes

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