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Ultra-high-Q free-space coupling to microtoroid resonators

Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 682-695页

作者： Sartanee Suebka euan mcleod Judith Su Wyant College of Optical Sciences University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA

Whispering gallery mode(WGM)microtoroid resonators are one of the most sensitive biochemical sensors in existence,capable of detecting single *** main barrier for translating these devices out of the laboratory is that light is evanescently coupled into these devices though a tapered optical *** hinders translation of these devices as the taper is fragile,suffers from mechanical vibration,and requires precise ***,we eliminate the need for an optical fiber by coupling light into and out from a toroid via free-space coupling and monitoring the scattered resonant light.A single long working distance objective lens combined with a digital micromirror device(DMD)was used for light injection,scattered light collection,and *** obtain Q-factors as high as 1:6´108 with this *** induced transparency(EIT)-like and Fano resonances were observed in a single cavity due to indirect coupling in free *** enables improved sensing *** large effective coupling area(~10μm in diameter for numerical aperture=0.14)removes the need for precise *** performance was verified by combining the system with the frequency locked whispering evanescent resonator(FLOWER)approach to perform temperature sensing experiments.A thermal nonlinear optical effect was examined by tracking the resonance through FLOWER while adjusting the input *** believe that this work will be a foundation for expanding the implementation of WGM microtoroid resonators to real-world applications.

关键词： coupling scattered precise

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Dark mode plasmonic optical microcavity biochemical sensor

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Photonics Research 2019年第8期7卷 939-947页

作者： CHENG LI LEI CHEN euan mcleod JUDITH SU College of Optical Sciences University of ArizonaTucsonArizona85721USA State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing100876China Department of Biomedical Engineering University of ArizonaTucsonArizona85721USA

Whispering gallery mode(WGM) microtoroid optical resonators have been effectively used to sense low concentrations of biomolecules down to the single molecule limit. Optical WGM biochemical sensors such as the microtoroid operate by tracking changes in resonant frequency as particles enter the evanescent near field of the ***, gold nanoparticles have been coupled to WGM resonators to increase the magnitude of resonance shifts via plasmonic enhancement of the electric field. However, this approach results in increased scattering from the WGM, which degrades its quality(Q) factor, making it less sensitive to extremely small frequency shifts caused by small molecules or protein conformational changes. Here, we show using simulation that precisely positioned trimer gold nanostructures generate dark modes that suppress radiation loss and can achieve high (> 10~6) Q with an electric-field intensity enhancement of 4300, which far exceeds that of a single rod(~2500 times). Through an overall evaluation of a combined enhancement factor, which includes the Q factor of the system, the sensitivity of the trimer system was improved 105× versus 84× for a single rod. Further simulations demonstrate that unlike a single rod system, the trimer is robust to orientation changes and has increased capture area. We also conduct stability tests to show that small positioning errors do not greatly impact the result.

关键词： WGM Dark mode plasmonic microcavity

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Simulating robust far-field coupling to traveling waves in large three-dimensional nanostructured high-Q microresonators

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Photonics Research 2019年第9期7卷 967-976页

作者： LEI CHEN CHENG LI YU-MIN LIU JUDITH SU euan mcleod State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing100876China College of Optical Sciences University of ArizonaTucsonArizona85721USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of ArizonaTucsonArizona85721USA

Ultra-high quality(Q) whispering gallery mode(WGM) microtoroid optical resonators have demonstrated highly sensitive biomolecular detection down to the single molecule limit;however, the lack of a robust coupling method has prevented their widespread adoption outside the laboratory. We demonstrate through simulation that a phased array of nanorods can enable free-space coupling of light both into and out of a microtoroid while maintaining a high Q. To simulate large nanostructured WGM resonators, we developed a new approach known as FloWBEM,which is an efficient and compact 3D wedge model with custom boundary conditions that accurately simulate the resonant Fano interference between the traveling WGM waves and a nanorod array. Depending on the excitation conditions, we find loaded Q factors of the driven system as high as 2.1 × 10~7 and signal-to-background ratios as high as 3.86%, greater than the noise levels of many commercial detectors. These results can drive future experimental implementation.

关键词： domain Simulating robust far-field coupling to traveling waves in large three-dimensional nanostructured high-Q microresonators WGM

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Assembly of multicomp on ent structures from hundreds of micron-scale building blocks using optical tweezers

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第3期7卷 163-171页

作者： Jeffrey E.Melzer euan mcleod Wyant College of Optical Sciences The University of ArizonaTucsonArizona85721USA

The fabrication of three-dimensional(3D)microscale structures is critical for many applications,including strong and lightweight material development,medical device fabrication,microrobotics,and photonic *** 3D microfabrication has seen progress over the past decades,complex multicomponent integration with small or hierarchical feature sizes is still a *** this study,an optical positioning and linking(OPAL)platform based on optical tweezers is used to precisely fabricate 3D microstructures from two types of micron-scale building blocks linked by biochemical interactions.A computer-controlled interface with rapid on-the-fly automated recalibration routines main tains accuracy eve n after placi ng many buildi ng *** achieves a 60-nm positional accuracy by optimizing the molecular functionalization and laser power.A two-component structure consisting of 4481-pm building blocks is assembled,representing the largest number of building blocks used to date in 3D optical tweezer *** optical tweezers have previously been used for microfabrication,those results were generally restricted to single-material structures composed of a relatively small number of larger-sized building blocks,with little discussion of critical process *** is anticipated that OPAL will enable the assembly,augmentation,and repair of microstructures composed of specialty micro/nanomaterial building blocks to be used in new photonic,microfluidic,and biomedical devices.

关键词： hundreds blocks sized

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