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Larvicidal activity of Neem oil and three plant essential oils from Senegal against Chrysodeixis chalcites(esper, 1789)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2018年第1期8卷 67-72页

作者： Saliou Ngom Raimundo Cabrera Perez ma.Anta Mbow Rokhaya Fall Saliou Niassy Andreea Cosoveanu Serigne Mbacké Diop El Hadji Barka Ndiaye Moussoukhoye Diop Georges Lognay Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles Unidad de Fitopatologia Facultad de Biología Universidad de la Laguna Département de chimie Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Development University of Pretoria Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Université de Liège Chimie Analytique Department Agro Bio Tech

Objective: To evaluate the insecticide, larvicidal and repellent activity of the essential oils from Callistemon viminalis, Melaleuca leucadendron, and Hyptis suaveolens against Chrysodeixis chalcites and to compare it with neem oil(Azadirachta indica). Methods: The essential oils of the leaves of these aroma.iques plants were extracted by steam distillation and contacts tests were carried out. Results: Essential oils in ethanol from Callistemon viminalis showed a higher biological activity than the neem with 100% larval mortality at the concentration of 2 μg/m L for 6 h, 100% and 90% in ethanol from Melaleuca leucadendron and Hyptis suaveolens, respectively at the concentration of 4 μg/m L for 24 h. By inhalation, the essential oils from Melaleuca leucadendron and of Hyptis suaveolens were more effective with mortality rates of larvae 100% and 50% respectively at 2 μg/L air applied after 24 h. Nevertheless, the neem has shown to be a repulsive plant and anti-nutritional plant. A significant difference in the percentages of consumption between leaves treated with neem oil and the control samples was observed(Newma.-Keuls test) except for Melaleuca leucadendron. Conclusions: The results of the study highlight rema.kable biocide, properties of tested extracts, which provides important opportunities for the development of biopesticides.

关键词： Plant extracts Chemical constituents Insecticidal activity Chrysodeixis

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大数据环境下威胁的协作式检测综述

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计算机科学 2016年第10期43卷 19-26页

作者：张俭鸽郭渊博马骏陈越信息工程大学数学工程与先进计算国家重点实验室郑州450001

恶意的不法分子采用直接或间接的方法攻击个人、机构、国家,从而使其遭受不同程度的威胁。此类信息的形式多种多样,数据量巨大,而且需要被高速地处理。因此,首先对5种典型的协作式检测模型esper,Hadoop,Agilis,Storm和Spark进行分析、比... 详细信息

恶意的不法分子采用直接或间接的方法攻击个人、机构、国家,从而使其遭受不同程度的威胁。此类信息的形式多种多样,数据量巨大,而且需要被高速地处理。因此,首先对5种典型的协作式检测模型esper,Hadoop,Agilis,Storm和Spark进行分析、比较,阐述不同模型所适用的网络环境;然后对网络环境中常用的攻击手段DDoS,MITM,APT进行分析,说明检测这些攻击适合采用的模型;最后给出威胁的协作式检测架构模型部署方案,该方案包括发送和接收处理两个组件,并指出可根据实际需要进行不同模型的架构部署;特别地,给出了对等网络、分等级的安全域网络、分层结构网络中架构模型的部署方案。

关键词：威胁协作式检测攻击架构模型大数据

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仿爱夜蛾成虫排泄物对敦煌石窟壁画的损害及其治理

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昆虫学报 2005年第1期48卷 74-81页

作者：汪万福蔺创业王涛马赞峰中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室兰州730000 敦煌市林业技术推广中心甘肃敦煌736200 敦煌研究院保护研究所甘肃敦煌736200

通过模拟实验与现场调查相结合的方法研究了仿爱夜蛾Apopestesspectrum (esper)成虫对敦煌石窟壁画的损害及其治理。结果表明 :仿爱夜蛾成虫在石窟中的时空分布具有一定的规律性 ,成虫密度在上、中、下 3层洞窟呈依次增加的趋势 ,与洞... 详细信息

通过模拟实验与现场调查相结合的方法研究了仿爱夜蛾Apopestesspectrum (esper)成虫对敦煌石窟壁画的损害及其治理。结果表明 :仿爱夜蛾成虫在石窟中的时空分布具有一定的规律性 ,成虫密度在上、中、下 3层洞窟呈依次增加的趋势 ,与洞窟内温、湿度有关 ;在 1年内表现为 8月份洞窟内成虫数量多 ,与洞外成虫羽化的高峰期相一致。成虫排泄物污染壁画面积年平均达 15 0mm2 蛾 ,且对不同颜料的影响有差异 ,对白色和蓝色影响较大 ,对红色和褐色的影响较小。排泄物不仅直接污染壁画表面 ,而且 ,其残余物中含有磷酸盐和碳酸盐等 ,酸性物质在与壁画颜料、地仗及空气的作用过程中均对壁画产生腐蚀。在开展物理防治的基础上 ,选用 15 %灭幼脲三号胶悬剂或 2 5 %敌杀死乳油 ,于 6月上旬防治 2～ 3龄幼虫 ,灭幼脲喷药后第 10天和敌杀死喷药后 72h的防治效果可分别达到 85 6 %和 97 6 %。

关键词：仿爱夜蛾排泄物壁画损害治理敦煌石窟

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Global wood anatomical perspective on the onset of the Late Antique Little Ice Age (LALIA) in the mid-6th century CE

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Science Bulletin 2022年第22期67卷 2336-2344页

作者： Ulf Büntgen Alan Crivellaro Dominique Arseneault Mike Baillie David Barclay ma.ro Bernabei Jarno Bontadi Gretel Boswijk David Brown Duncan A.Christie Olga V.Churakova Edward R.Cook Rosanne D’Arrigo Nicole Davi Jan esper Patrick Fonti Ciara Greaves Rashit M.Hantemirov ma.colm K.Hughes Alexander V.Kirdyanov Paul J.Krusic Carlos Le Quesne Fredrik C.Ljungqvist Michael Mc.Cormick Vladimir S.Myglan Kurt Nicolussi Clive Oppenheimer Jonathan Palmer Chun Qin Frederick Reinig ma.thew Salzer ma.kus Stoffel ma. Torbenson Mirek Trnka Ricardo Villalba Nick Wiesenberg Greg Wiles Bao yang Alma.Pierma.tei Department of Geography University of CambridgeCambridge CB23ENUK Swiss Federal Research Institute(WSL) Birmensdorf 8903Switzerland Global Change Research Centre(CzechGlobe) Brno 60300Czech Republic Department of Geography Faculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrno 61300Czech Republic Forest Biometrics Laboratory Faculty of Forestry“Stefan cel Mare”University of SuceavaSuceava 720229Romania Department of Biology Chemistry and GeographyUniversity of Quebec in RimouskiRimouski Qc.G5L 3A1Canada Archaeology&Palaeoecology School of Natural and Built EnvironmentQueen’s University BelfastBelfast BT71NNUK Department of Geology State University of New York at CortlandCortland NY 13045USA CNR-IBE Institute of BioEconomyNational Research CouncilTrento 38121Italy School of Environment The University of AucklandAuckland 1010New Zealand Laboratorio de Dendrocronología y Cambio Global Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia 509000Chile Center for Clima.e and Resilience Research(CR) Santiago 8370449Chile Cape Horn International Center(CHIC) Punta Arenas 6200000Chile Institute of Ecology and Geography Siberian Federal UniversityKrasnoyarsk 660041Russia Tree-Ring Laboratory Lamont-Doherty Earth ObservatoryColumbia UniversityPalisades NY 10964USA Department of Environmental Science William Paterson UniversityWayne NJ 07470USA Department of Geography Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainz 55099Germany Institute of Plant and Anima. Ecology Ural BranchRussian Academy of SciencesYekaterinburg 620144Russia Ural Institute of Huma.ities Ural Federal UniversityYekaterinburg 620002Russia Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research University of ArizonaTucson AZ 85721USA Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS Krasnoyarsk 660036Russia Department of Physical Geography Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholm 10691Sweden Department of History Stockholm UniversityStockholm 10691Sweden Bolin Centre for Clima.e Research Stockholm UniversityStockholm 10691Sweden Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study

Linked to ma.or volcanic eruptions around 536 and 540 CE, the onset of the Late Antique Little Ice Age has been described as the coldest period of the past two millennia. The exact timing and spatial extent of this exceptional cold phase are, however, still under debate because of the limited resolution and geographical distribution of the available proxy archives. Here, we use 106 wood anatomical thin sections from 23forest sites and 20 tree species in both hemispheres to search for cell-level fingerprints of ephemeral summer cooling between 530 and 550 CE. After cross-dating and double-staining, we identified 89Blue Rings(lack of cell wall lignification), nine Frost Rings(cell deforma.ion and collapse), and 93Light Rings(reduced cell wall thickening) in the Northern Hemisphere. Our network reveals evidence for the strongest temperature depression between mid-July and early-August 536 CE across North America and Eurasia, whereas more localised cold spells occurred in the summers of 532, 540–43, and548 CE. The lack of anatomical signatures in the austral trees suggests limited incursion of stratospheric volcanic aerosol into the Southern Hemisphere extra-tropics, that any forcing was mitigated by atmosphere-ocean dynamical responses and/or concentrated outside the growing season, or a combination of factors. Our findings demonstrate the advantage of wood anatomical investigations over traditional dendrochronological measurements, provide a benchma.k for Earth system models, support cross-disciplinary studies into the entanglements of clima.e and history, and question the relevance of global clima.e averages.

关键词： Blue Rings Clima.e extremes Dendrochronology Late Antiquity Tree rings Volcanic eruptions

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